Background
Periodontitis and diabetes are highly prevalent conditions whose association has long been recognized.
Objective
To evaluate the effect of non‐surgical periodontal treatment on serum HbA1c ...(haemoglobin A1c or glycated haemoglobin) levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Research Design and Methods
This was a 6‐month, single‐masked, randomized clinical trial based on 90 patients (HbA1c: 7.7% (61 mmol/mol) ± 1.13%) who were randomly assigned to either the treatment group (oral hygiene instructions + scaling and root planing using ultrasound and Gracey curettes) or the control group (oral hygiene instructions + supragingival removal of plaque and calculus using ultrasound). Pocket depth, gingival index, and plaque index were assessed at baseline and after 3 and 6 months together with determinations of fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, and bacterial counts.
Results
Treatment significantly improved the periodontal and metabolic parameters (p < .05), whereas in the control group no improvement was observed. These results were consistent with the bacteriological results in most but not all cases.
Conclusion
Non‐surgical periodontal treatment resulted in a better glycaemic status of type 2 diabetes patients and demonstrated the importance of oral health in their general health.
The objective was to assess the effects of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on head and neck cancer (HNC) outcomes. A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. ...The MEDLINE and the Cochrane Central Register databases were searched. Risk of bias was assessed by the Cochrane Collaboration's tool and by the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. Meta‐analyses were performed with the RevMan software. Seventeen articles met the inclusion criteria. Quality scores for observational studies ranged between 5 and 8 stars and the RCT was assessed as high risk of bias. NSAIDs use was associated with a 13% risk reduction of HNC (OR: 0.87 95% CI 0.77–0.99). NSAIDs use was associated with a 30% reduced cancer‐specific mortality and with a 40% decreased risk on disease‐recurrence. NSAIDs may have a modest protective effect on HNC risk and a positive impact on cancer‐specific survival and disease‐recurrence. The findings do not support a protective role of aspirin on HNC outcomes.
Diet may modulate the risk of head and neck cancer (HNC) through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. To date, there is limited evidence regarding the effects of the Mediterranean diet on HNC ...risk. The purpose of the study was to assess the association between Mediterranean diet adherence, type of diet, and vitamin C and the risk of HNC. A case-control study was conducted at the Dentistry Hospital, University of Barcelona, including 101 cases of HNC and 101 controls matched by age and sex. Dietary habits were assessed using a 14-question Mediterranean diet score that classified the type of diet into healthy diet (10-14 points), regular diet (5-9 points), and unhealthy diet (≤4 points). Multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the association between Mediterranean diet adherence, type of diet, and vitamin C and the risk of HNC. Higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet was significantly associated with a lower risk of HNC (OR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.79-0.98). A healthy diet (OR = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.10-0.84) and vitamin C intake (OR = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.10-0.62) were strongly associated with lower odds of HNC. Moderate egg intake was the only type of food significantly associated with a lower risk of HNC. Dietary patterns that emphasize a high intake of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory bioactive components may have a protective effect on the risk of HNC.
Guided bone regeneration techniques are increasingly used to enable the subsequent placement of dental implants. This systematic review aims to analyze the success rate of these techniques in terms ...of bone gain and complications rate using titanium membranes as a barrier element. Electronic and hand searches were conducted in PubMed/Medline, Scielo, Scopus and Cochrane Library databases for case reports, case series, cohort studies and clinical trials in humans published up to and including 19 September 2020. Thirteen articles were included in the qualitative analysis. Bone gain both horizontally and vertically was comparable to that obtained with other types of membranes more commonly used. The postoperative complication rate was higher that of native collagen membranes and non-resorbable titanium-reinforced membranes, and similar that of crosslinked collagen membranes and titanium meshes. The survival rate of the implants was similar to that of implants placed in native bone. Due to the limited scientific literature published on this issue, more randomized clinical trials comparing occlusive titanium barriers and other types of membranes are necessary to reach more valid conclusions.
Aim
Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are two chronic recurrent inflammatory processes of the gastrointestinal tract, grouped under the name inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), causing ...clinical episodes of intestinal inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible association between IBD and the prevalence of apical periodontitis (AP) and root canal treatment.
Methodology
A case–control study design matched to age and sex was used. The study group (SG) included 28 patients with IBD (13 with CD, 15 with UC). Another 28 healthy subjects, without IBD and age‐ and sex‐matched, were included in the control group (CG). Radiographic records were analysed and AP was diagnosed as radiolucent periapical lesions (RPLs), using the periapical index score. Student's t‐test, χ2 test and multivariate logistic regression were used in the statistical analysis.
Results
In the CG, only 17 subjects (61%) had at least one tooth with AP, whilst in the SG group they were 23 patients (82%; OR = 2.98; 95% CI = 0.87–10.87; p = .08). The number of subjects with one or more root filled teeth (RFT) in the CG was 14 (50%), whilst in the SG they were 22 (79%; OR = 3.67; 95% CI = 1.14–11.79; p = .026). At least one RFT with AP was evident in three subjects (10.7%) in the CG, whilst in the SG 15 patients (53.6%) showed RFT with AP (OR = 9.60; 95% CI = 2.35–39.35; p = .001). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, only endodontic status was found to be associated with IBD (OR = 1.86; 95% CI = 1.24–2.80; p = .003).
Conclusion
IBD, UC and Crohn’s disease are associated with higher prevalence of RFT and higher percentage of RFT with periapical lesions. Dentists should consider these findings when caring for IBD patients by monitoring the evolution of periapical lesions of endodontically treated teeth.
Systemic antibiotics are routinely prescribed in implant procedures, but the lack of consensus causes large differences between clinicians regarding antibiotic prophylaxis regimens. The objectives of ...this systematic review are to assess the need to prescribe antibiotics to prevent early implant failure and find the most appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis regimen. The electronic search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scielo and Cochrane Central Trials Database for randomized clinical trials of at least 3 months of follow-up. Eleven studies were included in the qualitative analysis. Antibiotics were found to statistically significantly reduce early implant failures (RR = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.19–0.47, p < 0.00001; heterogeneity I2 = 0%, p = 0.54). No differences were seen between preoperative or both pre- and postoperative antibiotic regimens (RR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.21–1.55, p = 0.27; heterogeneity I2 = 0%, p = 0.37). A single preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis dose was found to be enough to significantly reduce early implant failures compared to no antibiotic (RR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.21–0.53, p < 0.00001; heterogeneity I2 = 0%, p = 0.61). In conclusion, in healthy patients a single antibiotic prophylaxis dose is indicated to prevent early implant failure.
This systematic review aims to analyze the effect of the local application of statins in the regeneration of non-periodontal bone defects. A systematic study was conducted with the Pubmed/Medline, ...Embase, Cochrane Library and Scielo databases for in vivo animal studies published up to and including February 2019. Fifteen articles were included in the analysis. The local application of the drug increased the percentage of new bone formation, bone density, bone healing, bone morphogenetic protein 2, vascular endothelial growth factor, progenitor endothelial cells and osteocalcin. Meta-analyses showed a statistically significant increase in the percentage of new bone formation when animals were treated with local statins, in contrast to the no introduction of filling material or the introduction of polylactic acid, both in an early (4–6 weeks) and in a late period (12 weeks) (mean difference 39.5%, 95% confidence interval: 22.2–56.9, p <0.001; and mean difference 43.3%, 95% confidence interval: 33.6–52.9, p < 0.001, respectively). Basing on the animal model, the local application of statins promotes the healing of critical bone size defects due to its apparent osteogenic and angiogenic effects. However, given the few studies and their heterogenicity, the results should be taken cautiously, and further pilot studies are necessary, with radiological and histological evaluations to translate these results to humans and establish statins’ effect.
Abstract This review was designed to determine whether non-surgical periodontal treatment is able to reduce serum glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). ...Several previous reports showed that scaling and root planning (SRP) improve periodontal status in patients with DM, but whether it also improves metabolic control of the disease is unclear. A systematic review was conducted according to the recommendations of the Cochrane Collaboration and PRISMA. A literature search was conducted in October 2012 using three libraries (Cochrane, Web of Knowledge, and Scopus) and the keywords "periodontal disease" and "diabetes mellitus." Only 21 of the articles met the inclusion criteria for this review. A total of 1,454 patients were thus included in this study to evaluate whether periodontal treatment improved serum HbA1c levels. Both the methodological quality and the risk of bias of each study were taken into account using the Jadad scale. Only ten of the included studies had an acceptable-good score of 3 - 5. Fourteen of the studies reported a significant decrease in serum HbA1c levels (p < 0.05) after periodontal treatment. The remaining seven studies failed to find a significant decrease in serum HbA1c. The findings of this review suggest that the published literature is insufficient and inconclusive to clearly support periodontal treatment as a means to improve serum HbA1c levels in patients with type 1 DM. It also demonstrates the need for homogeneous studies, with larger samples and longer follow-up periods, to properly address this question.
Probiotics and oral health: A systematic review Seminario-Amez, M; López-López, J; Estrugo-Devesa, A ...
Medicina oral, patología oral y cirugía bucal,
05/2017, Letnik:
22, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Probiotics are microorganisms, mainly bacteria, which benefit the host's health. Many studies support the role of probiotics as a contributor to gastrointestinal health, and nowadays many authors are ...trying to prove its influence in oral health maintenance.
To review the published literature with the purpose of knowing the importance of using probiotics as a preventive and therapeutic method for oral infectious diseases management.
An electronic search in PubMed database with the keywords "oral health AND probiotics AND dentistry" was conducted. The inclusion criteria were: randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that assess the action of any probiotic strain in the treatment and / or prevention of an infectious oral disease, RCTs that assess the action of any probiotic strain on counting colony forming units (CFU) of oral pathogens, systematic reviews and meta-analysis. The Jadad scale was used to assess the high quality of RCTs.
Fifteen articles were considered for this review. Of which, 12 were RCTs of good / high quality (Jadad scale), two meta-analysis and one systematic review.
The literature reviewed suggests probiotics usage could be beneficial for the maintenance of oral health, due to its ability to decrease the colony forming units (CFU) counts of the oral pathogens. However, randomized clinical trials with long-term follow-up periods are needed to confirm their efficacy in reducing the prevalence/incidence of oral infectious diseases. Furthermore, the recognition of specific strains with probiotic activity for each infectious oral disease is required, in order to determine exact dose, treatment time and ideal vehicles.
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