The RENO experiment reports more precisely measured values of θ_{13} and |Δm_{ee}^{2}| using ∼2200 live days of data. The amplitude and frequency of reactor electron antineutrino (νover ¯_{e}) ...oscillation are measured by comparing the prompt signal spectra obtained from two identical near and far detectors. In the period between August 2011 and February 2018, the far (near) detector observed 103 212 (850 666) νover ¯_{e} candidate events with a background fraction of 4.8% (2.0%). A clear energy and baseline dependent disappearance of reactor νover ¯_{e} is observed in the deficit of the measured number of νover ¯_{e}. Based on the measured far-to-near ratio of prompt spectra, we obtain sin^{2}2θ_{13}=0.0896±0.0048(stat)±0.0047(syst) and |Δm_{ee}^{2}|=2.68±0.12(stat)±0.07(syst)×10^{-3} eV^{2}.
Abstract
The discovery of charge- and spin-density-wave (CDW/SDW) orders in superconducting cuprates has altered our perspective on the nature of high-temperature superconductivity (SC). However, it ...has proven difficult to fully elucidate the relationship between the density wave orders and SC. Here, using resonant soft X-ray scattering, we study the archetypal cuprate La
2-
x
Sr
x
CuO
4
(LSCO) over a broad doping range. We reveal the existence of two types of CDW orders in LSCO, namely CDW stripe order and CDW short-range order (SRO). While the CDW-SRO is suppressed by SC, it is partially transformed into the CDW stripe order with developing SDW stripe order near the superconducting
T
c
. These findings indicate that the stripe orders and SC are inhomogeneously distributed in the superconducting CuO
2
planes of LSCO. This further suggests a new perspective on the putative pair-density-wave order that coexists with SC, SDW, and CDW orders.
The RENO experiment has observed the disappearance of reactor electron antineutrinos, consistent with neutrino oscillations, with a significance of 4.9 standard deviations. Antineutrinos from six 2.8 ... GW(th) reactors at the Yonggwang Nuclear Power Plant in Korea, are detected by two identical detectors located at 294 and 1383 m, respectively, from the reactor array center. In the 229 d data-taking period between 11 August 2011 and 26 March 2012, the far (near) detector observed 17102 (154088) electron antineutrino candidate events with a background fraction of 5.5% (2.7%). The ratio of observed to expected numbers of antineutrinos in the far detector is 0.920±0.009(stat)±0.014(syst). From this deficit, we determine sin(2)2θ(13)=0.113±0.013(stat)±0.019(syst) based on a rate-only analysis.
The Reactor Experiment for Neutrino Oscillation (RENO) has been taking electron antineutrino (ν¯e) data from the reactors in Yonggwang, Korea, using two identical detectors since August 2011. Using ...roughly 500 live days of data through January 2013 we observe 290 775 (31 514) reactor ν¯e candidate events with 2.8% (4.9%) background in the near (far) detector. The observed visible positron spectra from the reactor ν¯e events in both detectors show a discrepancy around 5 MeV with regard to the prediction from the current reactor ν¯e model. Based on a far-to-near ratio measurement using the spectral and rate information, we have obtained sin22θ13=0.082±0.009(stat.)±0.006(syst.) and |Δmee2|=2.62−0.23+0.21(stat.)−0.13+0.12(syst.)×10−3 eV2.
We report a fuel-dependent reactor electron antineutrino (νover ¯_{e}) yield using six 2.8 GW_{th} reactors in the Hanbit nuclear power plant complex, Yonggwang, Korea. The analysis uses 850 666 ...νover ¯_{e} candidate events with a background fraction of 2.0% acquired through inverse beta decay (IBD) interactions in the near detector for 1807.9 live days from August 2011 to February 2018. Based on multiple fuel cycles, we observe a fuel ^{235}U dependent variation of measured IBD yields with a slope of (1.51±0.23)×10^{-43} cm^{2}/fission and measure a total average IBD yield of (5.84±0.13)×10^{-43} cm^{2}/fission. The hypothesis of no fuel-dependent IBD yield is ruled out at 6.6σ. The observed IBD yield variation over ^{235}U isotope fraction does not show significant deviation from the Huber-Mueller (HM) prediction at 1.3 σ. The measured fuel-dependent variation determines IBD yields of (6.15±0.19)×10^{-43} and (4.18±0.26)×10^{-43} cm^{2}/fission for two dominant fuel isotopes ^{235}U and ^{239}Pu, respectively. The measured IBD yield per ^{235}U fission shows the largest deficit relative to the HM prediction. Reevaluation of the ^{235}U IBD yield per fission may mostly solve the reactor antineutrino anomaly (RAA) while ^{239}Pu is not completely ruled out as a possible contributor to the anomaly. We also report a 2.9 σ correlation between the fractional change of the 5 MeV excess and the reactor fuel isotope fraction of ^{235}U.
CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) materials were fabricated using mechanical alloying (MA) and spark plasma sintering (SPS). The MA time, SPS temperature, and contaminations strongly affected the ...final microstructure and mechanical properties. Nanocrystal face-centered cubic (FCC) solid solution was made during MA, and the FCC phase maintained as the matrix after SPS at 900 °C and 1100 °C. However, Cr carbides were transformed near the surface due to the carbon contamination. When MA time increased, phase stability of the FCC phase was improved, and the contaminant (ZrO2) from the MA balls was also increased. Ultrafine-grained microstructure was obtained at 60 min MA and 900 °C SPS. On the other hand, the higher SPS temperature and lower levels of contamination were required to achieve tensile ductility. Irregularly distributed ZrO2 particles developed bimodal microstructures.
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•CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloys were fabricated using powder metallurgy.•Contaminations highly affected microstructural evolution and mechanical properties.•Phase stability was improved with increasing ball milling time.•UFG microstructure was obtained under a certain condition.
Manic episodes are one of the major diagnostic symptoms in a spectrum of neuropsychiatric disorders that include schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder and bipolar disorder (BD). Despite a ...possible association between BD and the gene encoding phospholipase Cγ1 (PLCG1), its etiological basis remains unclear. Here, we report that mice lacking phospholipase Cγ1 (PLCγ1) in the forebrain (Plcg1
; CaMKII) exhibit hyperactivity, decreased anxiety-like behavior, reduced depressive-related behavior, hyperhedonia, hyperphagia, impaired learning and memory and exaggerated startle responses. Inhibitory transmission in hippocampal pyramidal neurons and striatal dopamine receptor D1-expressing neurons of Plcg1-deficient mice was significantly reduced. The decrease in inhibitory transmission is likely due to a reduced number of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic boutons, which may result from impaired localization and/or stabilization of postsynaptic CaMKII (Ca
/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II) at inhibitory synapses. Moreover, mutant mice display impaired brain-derived neurotrophic factor-tropomyosin receptor kinase B-dependent synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, which could account for deficits of spatial memory. Lithium and valproate, the drugs presently used to treat mania associated with BD, rescued the hyperactive phenotypes of Plcg1
; CaMKII mice. These findings provide evidence that PLCγ1 is critical for synaptic function and plasticity and that the loss of PLCγ1 from the forebrain results in manic-like behavior.
Background
There is no consensus on the best method of preventing postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). This multicentre, parallel group, randomized equivalence ...trial investigated the effect of two ways of pancreatic stenting after PD on the rate of POPF.
Methods
Patients undergoing elective PD or pylorus‐preserving PD with duct‐to‐mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy were enrolled from four tertiary referral hospitals. Randomization was stratified according to surgeon with a 1 : 1 allocation ratio to avoid any related technical factors. The primary endpoint was clinically relevant POPF rate. Secondary endpoints were nutritional index, remnant pancreatic volume, long‐term complications and quality of life 2 years after PD.
Results
A total of 328 patients were randomized to the external (164 patients) or internal (164) stent group between August 2010 and January 2014. The rates of clinically relevant POPF were 24·4 per cent in the external and 18·9 per cent in the internal stent group (risk difference 5·5 per cent). As the 90 per cent confidence interval (−2·0 to 13·0 per cent) did not fall within the predefined equivalence limits (−10 to 10 per cent), the clinically relevant POPF rates in the two groups were not equivalent. Similar results were observed for patients with soft pancreatic texture and high fistula risk score. Other postoperative outcomes were comparable between the two groups. Five stent‐related complications occurred in the external stent group. Multivariable analysis revealed that soft pancreatic texture, non‐pancreatic disease and high body mass index (23·3 kg/m2 or above) predicted clinically relevant POPF.
Conclusion
External stenting after PD was associated with a higher rate of clinically relevant POPF than internal stenting. Registration number: NCT01023594 (https://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Internal stenting is better
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