Human affects such as emotions, moods, feelings are increasingly being considered as key parameter to enhance the interaction of human with diverse machines and systems. However, their intrinsically ...abstract and ambiguous nature make it challenging to accurately extract and exploit the emotional information. Here, we develop a multi-modal human emotion recognition system which can efficiently utilize comprehensive emotional information by combining verbal and non-verbal expression data. This system is composed of personalized skin-integrated facial interface (PSiFI) system that is self-powered, facile, stretchable, transparent, featuring a first bidirectional triboelectric strain and vibration sensor enabling us to sense and combine the verbal and non-verbal expression data for the first time. It is fully integrated with a data processing circuit for wireless data transfer allowing real-time emotion recognition to be performed. With the help of machine learning, various human emotion recognition tasks are done accurately in real time even while wearing mask and demonstrated digital concierge application in VR environment.
We investigated an emerging magnetic loop dynamically formed on the Sun, which has the effective footpoint heating source that may play a key role in heating a solar atmosphere with free magnetic ...energy in it. It is suggested that the heating source could be related to local compression of a plasma in the emerging loop by means of Lorentz force, which converts the magnetic energy to the internal energy of the plasma that is used to reaccelerate a decelerated downflow along the loop, eventually generating the source when the kinetic energy of the downflow is thermalized. By analyzing very high-cadense data obtained from a magnetohydrodynamic simulation, we demonstrate how the local compression is activated to trigger the generation of the heating source. This reveals a characteristic of the emerging loop that experiences a dynamic loop-loop interaction, which causes the local compression and makes the plasma gain the internal energy converted from the magnetic energy in the atmosphere. What determines the characteristic that could distinguish an illuminated emerging loop from a nonilluminated one is discussed.
To seek an atmospheric heating mechanism operating on the Sun we investigated a heating source generated by a downflow, both of which may arise in a magnetic loop dynamically formed on the Sun via ...flux emergence. Since an observation shows that the illumination of evolving magnetic loops under the dynamic formation occurs sporadically and intermittently, we performed a magnetohydrodynamic simulation of flux emergence to obtain a high-cadence simulated data, where temperature enhancement was identified at the footpoint of an evolving magnetic loop. Unlike a rigid magnetic loop with a confined flow in it, the evolving loop in a low plasma β atmosphere is subjected to local compression by the magnetic field surrounding the loop, which drives a strong supersonic downflow generating an effective footpoint heating source in it. This may introduce an energy conversion system to the magnetized atmosphere of the Sun, in which the free magnetic energy causing the compression via Lorentz force is converted to the flow energy, and eventually reduced to the thermal energy. Dynamic and thermodynamic states involved in the system are explained.
High metabolic activity is a hallmark of cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the molecular features of HCC with high metabolic activity contributing to clinical outcomes and ...the therapeutic implications of these characteristics are poorly understood. We aimed to define the features of HCC with high metabolic activity and uncover its association with response to current therapies. By integrating gene expression data from mouse liver tissues and tumor tissues from HCC patients (
= 1038), we uncovered three metabolically distinct HCC subtypes that differ in clinical outcomes and underlying molecular biology. The high metabolic subtype is characterized by poor survival, the strongest stem cell signature, high genomic instability, activation of EPCAM and SALL4, and low potential for benefitting from immunotherapy. Interestingly, immune cell analysis showed that regulatory T cells (Tregs) are highly enriched in high metabolic HCC tumors, suggesting that high metabolic activity of cancer cells may trigger activation or infiltration of Tregs, leading to cancer cells' evasion of anti-cancer immune cells. In summary, we identified clinically and metabolically distinct subtypes of HCC, potential biomarkers associated with these subtypes, and a potential mechanism of metabolism-mediated immune evasion by HCC cells.
Abstract
We investigate the geometric property of a scalar position function, the so-called force-free α, to see how it quantitatively characterizes the magnetic structure of solar active regions, ...which is reminiscent of the electrostatic potential whose geometric property provides information on the structure of electrified objects. Scatter plots of (α, ∇2α) show characteristic shapes representing twisted magnetic field configurations in two model active regions, one of which is formed by an emerging magnetic flux tube composed of strongly twisted field lines while the other is formed by a weakly twisted flux tube. By generalizing the concept of an axis field line in a uniformly twisted cylindrical flux tube, we introduce a topological object called the principal field line to represent magnetic structure reconstructed using a force-free field model. The principal field line and associated scatter plot of (α, ∇2α) provide a method reminiscent of active-region radiography, which could be used for quantitative classification of active regions with those magnetic configurations responsible for heating coronal plasmas, generating solar winds, and producing potentially harmful coronal explosive phenomena.
Digital Mechanical Metamaterials
In article number 2304302, Jiyun Kim and co‐workers introduce a metamaterial composite system that allows for gradational and reversible adjustments in various ...mechanical in‐formation by translating encoded digital pattern information into discrete stiffness states of the mechanical pixels. This digitally programmable material is expected to pave the way toward multi environment soft robots and interactive machines.
We investigated an emerging magnetic loop dynamically formed on the Sun, which has the effective footpoint heating source that may play a key role in heating a solar atmosphere with free magnetic ...energy in it. It is suggested that the heating source could be related to local compression of a plasma in the emerging loop by means of Lorentz force, which converts the magnetic energy to the internal energy of the plasma that is used to reaccelerate a decelerated downflow along the loop, eventually generating the source when the kinetic energy of the downflow is thermalized. By analyzing very high-cadense data obtained from a magnetohydrodynamic simulation, we demonstrate how the local compression is activated to trigger the generation of the heating source. This reveals a characteristic of the emerging loop that experiences a dynamic loop-loop interaction, which causes the local compression and makes the plasma gain the internal energy converted from the magnetic energy in the atmosphere. What determines the characteristic that could distinguish an illuminated emerging loop from a nonilluminated one is discussed.
Inspired by the adaptive features exhibited by biological organisms like the octopus, soft machines that can tune their shape and mechanical properties have shown great potential in applications ...involving unstructured and continuously changing environments. However, current soft machines are far from achieving the same level of adaptability as their biological counterparts, hampered by limited real‐time tunability and severely deficient reprogrammable space of properties and functionalities. As a steppingstone toward fully adaptive soft robots and smart interactive machines, an encodable multifunctional material that uses graphical stiffness patterns is introduced here to in situ program versatile mechanical capabilities without requiring additional infrastructure. Through independently switching the digital binary stiffness states (soft or rigid) of individual constituent units of a simple auxetic structure with elliptical voids, in situ and gradational tunability is demonstrated here in various mechanical qualities such as shape‐shifting and ‐memory, stress–strain response, and Poisson's ratio under compressive load as well as application‐oriented functionalities such as tunable and reusable energy absorption and pressure delivery. This digitally programmable material is expected to pave the way toward multienvironment soft robots and interactive machines.
An encodable mechanical metamaterial that uses graphical stiffness patterns to in situ program versatile mechanical capabilities is demonstrated. Independently switching digital stiffness states in constituent units enables extensive programmability across various qualities, including tunable shape, stress–strain response, Poisson's ratio, and offers functions like adaptive energy absorption and pressure delivery.
Incorporating perception into robots or objects holds great potential to revolutionize daily human life. To achieve this, critical factors include the design of an integrable three-dimensional (3D) ...soft sensor with self-powering capability, a wide working range, and tuneable functionalities. Here, we introduce a highly compressible 3D-printed soft magnetoelastic sensor with a wide strain sensing range. Inspired by the lattice metamaterial, which offers a highly porous structure with tuneable mechanical properties, we realized a remarkably compliant 3D self-powering sensor. Using magnetoelastic composite materials and 3D printing combined with sacrificial molding, a broad design space for constituent materials and structures is investigated, allowing for tuneable mechanical properties and sensor performances. These sensors are successfully integrated with two robotic systems as the robot operation and perception units, enabling robot control and recognition of diverse physical interactions with a user. Overall, we believe that this work represents a cornerstone for compliant 3D self-powered soft sensors, giving impetus to the development of advanced human–machine interfaces.
To seek an atmospheric heating mechanism operating on the Sun we investigated a heating source generated by a downflow, both of which may arise in a magnetic loop dynamically formed on the Sun via ...flux emergence. Since an observation shows that the illumination of evolving magnetic loops under the dynamic formation occurs sporadically and intermittently, we performed a magnetohydrodynamic simulation of flux emergence to obtain a high-cadence simulated data, where temperature enhancement was identified at the footpoint of an evolving magnetic loop. Unlike a rigid magnetic loop with a confined flow in it, the evolving loop in a low plasma β atmosphere is subjected to local compression by the magnetic field surrounding the loop, which drives a strong supersonic downflow generating an effective footpoint heating source in it. This may introduce an energy conversion system to the magnetized atmosphere of the Sun, in which the free magnetic energy causing the compression via Lorentz force is converted to the flow energy, and eventually reduced to the thermal energy. Dynamic and thermodynamic states involved in the system are explained.
