This study recorded evidence for three independent rapid radiations of scaly tree ferns in Madagascar. These three radiations happened in the late Cenozoic and were likely triggered by the ...fluctuations of the global climate. It is the first report for this kind of relationships of ferns diversity in the Madagascan biodiversity centre and climate change, but it is consistent with similar reports for other species-rich lineages in the megadiverse Madagascan rainforest habitats. Finally, we generated a biogeographic scenario describing the origin of the three Malagasy clades of scaly tree ferns. We also found evidence for range loss as a result of deforestation in historical times. The presented system is an excellent example of the contribution of rapid radiations to the highly threatened biodiversity of Madagascar and adjacent islands.
The presence of the translocation t(9;22)(q34;q11), leading to the BCR::ABL1
fusion transcript, is the hallmark of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).
Nevertheless, atypical presentation at diagnosis can ...be challenging. However,
although most patients with CML are diagnosed with the e13a2 or e14a2 BCR::
ABL1 fusion transcripts, about 5% of them carry rare BCR::ABL1 fusion
transcripts, such as e19a2, e8a2, e13a3, e14a3, e1a3, and e6a2. In particular,
the e6a2 fusion transcript has been associated with clinically aggressive disease
frequently presenting in accelerated or blast crisis phases. To date, there is
limited evidence on the efficacy of front-line second-generation tyrosine
kinase inhibitors for this genotype. Here, we report two patients, in whom
the diagnosis of CML was challenging. The use of primers recognizing more
distant exons from the common BCR::ABL1 breakpoint region correctly
identified the atypical BCR::ABL1 e6a2 fusion transcript. Treatment with the
second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor nilotinib was effective in our
patient expressing the atypical e6a2 BCR::ABL1 fusion transcript.
As part of a cross-linguistic research program, the distribution of word lengths is examined in French newspaper texts & letters. Data comprise a short story, two news reports, & three publicity ...texts from 1993 issues of French newspapers; & 16 published personal letters written between 1903 & 1949 by Jean-Paul Sartre, Jean Grenier, Albert Camus, Andre Gide, & Dorothy Bussy. Word length is measured in number of spoken syllables, & abbreviations are counted as fully pronounced spoken forms; lexical criteria are used to determine whether given hyphenated sequences are counted as single words or as word sequences. Results show that, as in all previously analyzed French texts, all the texts under study can be modeled by the Hirata-Poisson distribution. 11 References. J. Hitchcock
