After the defeat of the January Uprising, during the period of increased of Russification policy, the partitioning authorities were not very much involved in the development of various areas of ...social life in the Kingdom of Poland. This statement also applies to the involvement of foreign authorities in the development of medical care for the inhabitants of the provinces of the Kingdom of Poland. Therefore, all extremly initiatives to support healthcare and people in need of help have become extremely important. Social forms of support for medical care on the example of the Płock Governorate in the second half of the 19th century became the research goal of Dr. Marta Milewska. Through the analysis of source materials of various provenance and by using a literature on the subject, she prepared a monograph expanding the current state of historiography in the field of the regional history of Płock and the surrounding area. However, this work will also be useful for comparative research.
On February 23, 2020, retired associate professor of the University of Lodz, Stefan Pytlas, passed away. He is certainly one of the few most outstanding experts in the history of industrial Lodz, and ...in particular of the Lodz bourgeoisie. His monograph on this social group in the years 1864–1914 entered permanently into the canons of Polish historiography. The deceased professor was for two terms the Dean of the Faculty of Philosophy and History of the University of Lodz and in the last years of his employment at this university he headed the Department of Polish History of the 19th century. In addition, for half a century he was associated with the activities of the Polish Historical Society, in which in 1997–2003 he was the president of the Łódź Branch. For many years he was involved in the editorial work of the Lodz Yearbook (“Rocznik Łódzki”), and in 1995–1997 he was the editor-in-chief of this oldest scientific journal in Lodz.
Powder aerosol deposition (PAD) is a unique ceramic spray coating method that produces dense and well‐adhering thick‐films directly at room temperature, without requiring any heating or sintering. ...After the successful film formation, mechanical film properties like hardness or plasma resistance are remarkably good. However, when it comes to electrical properties like permittivity or electrical conductivity, the nanocrystalline structure of PAD films combined with high internal strains deteriorates partly the characteristic properties. The electrical conductivity may already be present within the as‐deposited films. However, it is mostly lowered by several orders of magnitude. Therefore, a thermal post‐deposition annealing is oftentimes required. In this work, electrically conducting films produced by powder aerosol deposition are surveyed based on published data. Their microstructural and electrical behavior during the post‐deposition annealing treatment is summarized and reasons for the lowered electrical conductivity are identified. Additionally, the processes taking place during annealing, which eventually allow to regain bulk‐like functional properties, are examined. A universal annealing behavior is found that leads to a quantitative recommendation for the suitable film annealing temperatures to regain the electrical conductivities.
The thermal annealing behavior of various powder aerosol deposited (PAD) functional films with different dominating electrical charge carriers is surveyed. While PAD features the formation of dense ceramic films at room temperature, a moderate thermal treatment is found necessary to regain bulk‐like conductivity values. A quantitative recommendation for the lowest possible film annealing temperatures is presented.
Aerosol deposition features the formation of dense and well adhering ceramic films directly at room temperature, without the need of any heat treatment during or after the deposition. While these ...claims are true for a suitable ceramic powder, the success of the film deposition is highly dependent on the right choice of the powder. Beside the commonly stated particle size that should be in the sub-micrometer to micrometer range, other influencing powder parameters exist, some of which have not yet been fully identified.
In this work, ceria nanopowders were thermally pretreated and the quality of subsequent sprayed films was observed. A minimum crystallite size in the powder was determined in order to enable the underlying deposition mechanism. Furthermore, the conversion of kinetic particle energy to the formation of surface energy during impact was estimated. A first universal behavior is found leading to a recommendation for a suitable AD powder preparation.
In the time of the Kingdom of Poland until the outbreak of the November Uprising, the army played an important social, political, educational and national role. It was an eye in the head of state ...authorities, as well as a nationally conscious part of society. Being an officer gave social prestige and enabled a career, also a political one. Hence, the youth from the families of the social elite tried to get the right education to get officer’s skills. The best military school at that time was the Application School of Artillery and Engineering in Warsaw. Her lecturers were outstanding officers, who in the vast majority had extensive knowledge and experience gained from the completed schools and participation in the Napoleonic battles. At the outbreak of the November Uprising, they faced the decision to break the oath made to the Tsar/King. Almost all university lecturers joined the fight against Russia in 1831 and performed the duties entrusted to them until the end of the uprising. Two of them died in defense of the sovereignty of the Kingdom of Poland, others remained after the defeat in the country, taking the oath of loyalty to Tsar Nicholas I. None of the lecturers at the Application School went abroad. In the inter-uprising period, they undertook various duties, most often removing themselves from public life. The uprising meant that they became political realists.
NiMn2O4+δ thermistor thick films have been successfully deposited by the so-called Aerosol Deposition Method (ADM) at room temperature on alumina substrates, Si-wafers, as well as on special planar ...four-wire interdigital electrode structures for high-precision electrical characterization. The NTCR films are homogeneous, completely dense and scratch resistant. Both as-deposited and tempered, the NTCR films exhibit a cubic spinel structure. Between 25°C and 90°C, the NTCR film resistance behaves as it is typical for variable range hopping (VRH) with parabolic density of states. As a result of moderate film tempering, the thermistor constant B and the specific resistance at 25°C (ρ25) decrease from 4250K to 4020K and 65Ω·m to 40Ω·m respectively, and are close to bulk values. In combination with the excellent reproducibility of the ρ25 and B values, AD processing of films appears to be a promising alternative for classical ceramic bulk processes.
A planar microstrip ring resonator structure on alumina was developed using the commercial FEM software COMSOL. Design parameters were evaluated, eventually leading to an optimized design of a ...miniaturized microwave gas sensor. The sensor was covered with a zeolite film. The device was successfully operated at around 8.5 GHz at room temperature as a humidity sensor. In the next step, an additional planar heater will be included on the reverse side of the resonator structure to allow for testing of gas-sensitive materials under sensor conditions.
PDF
