On 11 November 1912, in Cambridge, England, Lawrence Bragg's discovery of Bragg's Law and his solution of the first crystal structure (ZnS) were announced. During 1913, he and his father, William ...Bragg, established the new science of X-ray crystallography. In 1914, their research was halted by the Great War. During 1915, Lawrence began to develop artillery sound-ranging on the Western Front, and in November 1915 father and son shared the Nobel Prize in Physics. In the same year Lawrence's younger brother and dearest friend were both mortally wounded. Through 1917, sound-ranging reached an extraordinary level of precision, and in 1918 it played a major role in the Allied victory. When war ceased six years later, on 11 November 1918, Lawrence Bragg had created a new field of science, won a Military Cross, been awarded a Nobel Prize and an OBE, and would soon be appointed to Rutherford's Chair at Manchester. He was just twenty-eight years old!
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
In the 1930s Ernest Rutherford (1871–1937) repeatedly suggested, sometimes angrily, that the possibility of harnessing atomic energy was “moonshine.” Yet, as war approached he secretly advised the ...British government to “keep an eye on the matter.” I suggest that Rutherford did not really believe his “moonshine” claim but did have profound reasons for making it. If I am correct, then this casts additional light on his personality, stature, and career.
This essay presents an account of W. H. Bragg’s earliest research program in Australia during the years 1904–1907: a study of the behavior of alpha particles from radioactive decay. It is suggested ...that problems associated with distance and isolation played a pivotal role in Bragg’s thinking and acting during this period and that his use of two “advocates,” Ernest Rutherford and Frederick Soddy, was essential to the success of the program. It is further argued that this account supports a substantial amendment of the center–periphery model of colonial science to embrace a much closer attention to place and locality; that is, it supports a polycentric model (in which the center might still be prominent).
Tracheophyte and bryophyte distribution was surveyed in nineteen Blackwood-dominated sites of two different origins in the Otway Ranges. Nine sites were placed in sheltered gullies and ten sites were ...placed in upslope stands. Fifty-one tracheophyte taxa, 49 moss taxa and 39 liverwort (including hornwort) taxa were recorded in total. Bryophyte species richness was significantly higher in gully sites. The most frequent bryophyte taxa varied between gully and upslope sites. The percentage occurrence of certain substrates was shown to be an important determinant of bryophyte species richness and composition. Decaying wood and soil supported the greatest number of bryophyte taxa compared with all other substrates.
The award of the 1915 Nobel Prize in physics jointly to William Henry Bragg and his elder son, William Lawrence Bragg - 'for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of Röntgen ...rays' - seems to have been largely uncontroversial at the time, but there are a number of questions that surround the award and the events that followed it that deserve exploration. This paper attempts to address these questions.
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