Tritium and helium isotope data provide key information on ocean
circulation, ventilation, and mixing, as well as the rates of biogeochemical
processes and deep-ocean hydrothermal processes. We ...present here global
oceanic datasets of tritium and helium isotope measurements made by numerous
researchers and laboratories over a period exceeding 60 years. The dataset's
DOI is https://doi.org/10.25921/c1sn-9631, and the data are available at
https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/ocads/data/0176626.xml (last access: 15 March
2019) or alternately
http://odv.awi.de/data/ocean/jenkins-tritium-helium-data-compilation/
(last access: 13 March 2019) and includes approximately 60 000 valid tritium
measurements, 63 000 valid helium isotope determinations, 57 000 dissolved
helium concentrations, and 34 000 dissolved neon concentrations. Some
quality control has been applied in that questionable data have been flagged
and clearly compromised data excluded entirely. Appropriate metadata have
been included, including geographic location, date, and sample depth. When
available, we include water temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen. Data
quality flags and data originator information (including methodology) are
also included. This paper provides an introduction to the dataset along with
some discussion of its broader qualities and graphics.
Background: Many of the benefits of soy have been attributed to soy isoflavones. Objective: The objective was to determine the effects of high- and low-isoflavone soy-protein foods on both lipid and ...nonlipid risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: Forty-one hyperlipidemic men and postmenopausal women participated in a study with three 1-mo diets: a low-fat dairy food control diet and high- (50 g soy protein and 73 mg isoflavones daily) and low- (52 g soy protein and 10 mg isoflavones daily) isoflavone soyfood diets. All 3 diets were very low in saturated fat (< 5% of energy) and cholesterol (< 50 mg/d). Fasting blood samples were drawn and blood pressure was measured at the start and end of each diet. Results: No significant differences were seen between the high- and low-isoflavone soy diets. Compared with the control diet, however, both soy diets resulted in significantly lower total cholesterol, estimated CAD risk, and ratios of total to HDL cholesterol, LDL to HDL cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B to A-I. No significant sex differences were observed, except for systolic blood pressure, which in men was significantly lower after the soy diets than after the control diet. On the basis of blood lipid and blood pressure changes, the calculated CAD risk was significantly lower with the soy diets, by 10.1 +/- 2.7%. Conclusion: Substitution of soyfoods for animal products, regardless of isoflavone concentration, reduces the CAD risk because of both modest reductions in blood lipids and reductions in oxidized LDL, homocysteine, and blood pressure.
Fatty acid ethanolamides (FAE), a group of lipid mediators derived from long-chain fatty acids (FA), mediate biological activities including activation of cannabinoid receptors, stimulation of fat ...oxidation and regulation of satiety. However, how circulating FAE levels are influenced by FA intake in humans remains unclear. The objective of the present study was to investigate the response of six major circulating FAE to various dietary oil treatments in a five-period, cross-over, randomised, double-blind, clinical study in volunteers with abdominal obesity. The treatment oils (60 g/12 552 kJ per d (60 g/3000 kcal per d)) provided for 30 d were as follows: conventional canola oil, high oleic canola oil, high oleic canola oil enriched with DHA, flax/safflower oil blend and corn/safflower oil blend. Two SNP associated with FAE degradation and synthesis were studied. Post-treatment results showed overall that plasma FAE levels were modulated by dietary FA and were positively correlated with corresponding plasma FA levels; minor allele (A) carriers of SNP rs324420 in gene fatty acid amide hydrolase produced higher circulating oleoylethanolamide (OEA) (P=0·0209) and docosahexaenoylethanolamide (DHEA) levels (P=0·0002). In addition, elevated plasma DHEA levels in response to DHA intake tended to be associated with lower plasma OEA levels and an increased gynoid fat mass. In summary, data suggest that the metabolic and physiological responses to dietary FA may be influenced via circulating FAE. Genetic analysis of rs324420 might help identify a sub-population that appears to benefit from increased consumption of DHA and oleic acid.
Planets with orbital periods shorter than 1 day are rare and have formation histories that are not completely understood. Small ( R p < 2 R ⊕ ) ultra-short-period (USP) planets are highly irradiated, ...probably have rocky compositions with high bulk densities, and are often found in multi-planet systems. Additionally, USP planets found around small stars are excellent candidates for characterization using present-day instrumentation. Of the current full sample of approximately 5500 confirmed exoplanets, only 130 are USP planets and around 40 have mass and radius measurements. Wolf 327 (TOI-5747) is an M dwarf ( R * = 0.406 ± 0.015 R ⊙ , M * = 0.405 ± 0.019 M ⊙ , T eff = 3542 ± 70 K, and V = 13 mag) located at a distance d = 28.5 pc. NASA’s planet hunter satellite, TESS, detected transits in this star with a period of 0.573 day (13.7 h) and with a transit depth of 818 ppm. Ground-based follow-up photometry, high resolution imaging, and radial velocity (RV) measurements taken with the CARMENES spectrograph confirm the presence of this new USP planet. Wolf 327b is a super-Earth with a radius of R p = 1.24 ± 0.06 R ⊕ and a mass of M p = 2.53 ± 0.46 M ⊕ , yielding a bulk density of 7.24 ± 1.66 g cm −3 and thus suggesting a rocky composition. Owing to its close proximity to its host star ( a = 0.01 au), Wolf 327b has an equilibrium temperature of 996 ± 22 K. This planet has a mass and radius similar to K2-229b, a planet with an inferred Mercury-like internal composition. Planet interior models suggest that Wolf 327b has a large iron core, a small rocky mantle, and a negligible (if any) H/He atmosphere.
Abstract Background In the absence of consistent clinical evidence, concerns have been raised that fructose raises postprandial triglycerides. Purpose A systematic review and meta-analysis was ...conducted to assess the effect of fructose on postprandial triglycerides. Data sources Relevant studies were identified from MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases (through September 3, 2013). Data selection Relevant clinical trials of ≥7-days were included in the analysis. Data extraction Two independent reviewers extracted relevant data with disagreements reconciled by consensus. The Heyland Methodological Quality Score (MQS) assessed study quality. Data were pooled by the generic inverse variance method using random effects models and expressed as standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Heterogeneity was assessed (Cochran Q statistic) and quantified ( I2 statistic). Data synthesis Eligibility criteria were met by 14 isocaloric trials ( n = 290), in which fructose was exchanged isocalorically for other carbohydrate in the diet, and two hypercaloric trials ( n = 33), in which fructose supplemented the background diet with excess energy from high-dose fructose compared with the background diet alone (without the excess energy). There was no significant effect in the isocaloric trials (SMD: 0.14 95% CI: −0.02, 0.30) with evidence of considerable heterogeneity explained by a single trial. Hypercaloric trials, however, showed a significant postprandial triglyceride raising-effect of fructose (SMD: 0.65 95% CI: 0.30, 1.01). Limitations Most of the available trials were small, short, and of poor quality. Interpretation of the isocaloric trials is complicated by the large influence of a single trial. Conclusions Pooled analyses show that fructose in isocaloric exchange for other carbohydrate does not increase postprandial triglycerides, although an effect cannot be excluded under all conditions. Fructose providing excess energy does increase postprandial triglycerides. Larger, longer, and higher-quality trials are needed. Protocol registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT01363791.
The number of super-Earth and mini-Neptune planet discoveries has increased significantly in the last two decades thanks to transit and radial velocity (RV) surveys. When it is possible to apply both ...techniques, we can characterise the internal composition of exoplanets, which in turn provides unique insights on their architecture, formation and evolution. We performed a combined photometric and RV analysis of TOI-238 (TYC 6398-132-1), which has one short-orbit super-Earth planet candidate announced by NASA’s TESS team. We aim to confirm its planetary nature using radial velocities taken with the ESPRESSO and HARPS spectrographs, to measure its mass, and to detect the presence of other possible planetary companions. We carried out a joint analysis by including Gaussian processes and Keplerian orbits to account for the stellar activity and planetary signals simultaneously. We detected the signal induced by TOI-238 b in the RV time series, and the presence of a second transiting planet, TOI-238 c, whose signal appears in RV and TESS data. TOI-238 b is a planet with a radius of 1.402 −0.086 +0.084 R ⊕ and a mass of 3.40 −0.45 +0.46 M ⊕ . It orbits at a separation of 0.02118 ± 0.00038 au of its host star, with an orbital period of 1.2730988 ± 0.0000029 days, and has an equilibrium temperature of 1311 ± 28 K. TOI-238 c has a radius of 2.18 ± 0.18 R ⊕ and a mass of 6.7 ± 1.1 M ⊕ . It orbits at a separation of 0.0749 ± 0.0013 au of its host star, with an orbital period of 8.465652 ± 0.000031 days, and has an equilibrium temperature of 696 ± 15 K. The mass and radius of planet b are fully consistent with an Earth-like composition, making it a likely rocky super-Earth. Planet c could be a water-rich planet or a rocky planet with a small H-He atmosphere.
We present the detection of three exoplanets orbiting the early M dwarf TOI-663 (TIC 54962195; V = 13.7 mag, J = 10.4 mag, R ★ = 0.512 ± 0.015 R ⊙ , M ★ = 0.514 ± 0.012 M ⊙ , d = 64 pc). TOI-663 b, ...c, and d, with respective radii of 2.27 ± 0.10 R ⊕ , 2.26 ± 0.10 R ⊕ , and 1.92 ± 0.13 R ⊕ and masses of 4.45 ± 0.65 M ⊕ , 3.65 ± 0.97 M ⊕ , and <5.2 M ⊕ at 99%, are located just above the radius valley that separates rocky and volatile-rich exoplanets. The planet candidates are identified in two TESS sectors and are validated with ground-based photometric follow-up, precise radial-velocity measurements, and high-resolution imaging. We used the software package juliet to jointly model the photometric and radial-velocity datasets, with Gaussian processes applied to correct for systematics. The three planets discovered in the TOI-663 system are low-mass mini-Neptunes with radii significantly larger than those of rocky analogs, implying that volatiles, such as water, must predominate. In addition to this internal structure analysis, we also performed a dynamical analysis that confirmed the stability of the system. The three exoplanets in the TOI-663 system, similarly to other sub-Neptunes orbiting M dwarfs, have been found to have lower densities than planets of similar sizes orbiting stars of different spectral types.
Coenzyme Q (CoQ, ubiquinone) is a central electron carrier in mitochondrial respiration. CoQ is synthesized through multiple steps involving a number of different enzymes. The prevailing view that ...the CoQ used in respiration exists as a free pool that diffuses throughout the mitochondrial inner membrane bilayer has recently been challenged. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, deletion of the gene encoding Coq10p results in respiration deficiency without inhibiting the synthesis of CoQ, suggesting that the Coq10 protein is critical for the delivery of CoQ to the site(s) of respiration. The precise mechanism by which this is achieved remains unknown at present. We have identified a Plasmodium orthologue of Coq10 (PfCoq10), which is predominantly expressed in trophozoite-stage parasites, and localizes to the parasite mitochondrion. Expression of PfCoq10 in the S. cerevisiae coq10 deletion strain restored the capability of the yeast to grow on respiratory substrates, suggesting a remarkable functional conservation of this protein over a vast evolutionary distance, and despite a relatively low level of amino acid sequence identity. As the antimalarial drug atovaquone acts as a competitive inhibitor of CoQ, we assessed whether over-expression of PfCoq10 altered the atovaquone sensitivity in parasites and in yeast mitochondria, but found no alteration of its activity.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Bile acids are often refluxed into the lower oesophagus and are candidate carcinogens in the development of oesophageal adenocarcinoma. We show here that the secondary bile acid, deoxycholic acid ...(DCA), is the only one of the commonly refluxed bile acids tested here, to show genotoxicity, in terms of chromosome damage and mutation induction in the human p53 gene. This genotoxicity was apparent at both neutral and acidic pH, whilst there was a considerable increase in bile-induced toxicity at acidic pH. The higher levels of cell death and low cell survival rates at acidic pH may imply that acid bile exposure is toxic rather than carcinogenic, as dead cells do not seed cancer development. We also show that DCA (at neutral and acid pH) induced the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within the cytoplasm of exposed cells. We further demonstrate that the genotoxicity of DCA is ROS mediated, as micronucleus induction was significantly reduced when cells were treated with DCA + the anti-oxidant vitamin C. In conclusion, we show that DCA, is an effective genotoxin at both neutral and acidic pH. As bile acids like DCA can induce DNA damage at neutral pH, suppressing the acidity of the refluxate will not completely remove its carcinogenic potential. The genotoxicity of DCA is however, ROS dependent, hence anti-oxidant supplementation, in addition to acid suppression may block DCA driven carcinogenesis in Barrett's patients.
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