Long-haul truck electrification has attracted nascent policy support, but the potential health and climate impacts remain uncertain. Here, we developed an integrated assessment approach with high ...spatial-temporal (km and hourly) resolution to characterize the causal chain from truck operation to charging loads, electricity grid response, changes in emissions and atmospheric concentrations, and the resulting health and climate impacts across the United States. Compared to future diesel trucks, electrified trucking’s net health benefits are concentrated only along the West Coast with a business-as-usual electricity grid. However, with an 80%-renewable electricity grid, most regions would experience net health benefits, and the economic value of avoided climate and health damages exceeds $5 billion annually, an 80% reduction relative to future diesel trucks. Electric trucks with larger batteries may increase health and climate impacts due to additional trips needed to compensate for the payload penalty, but a 2× improvement in the battery specific energy (to ∼320 Wh/kg) could eliminate the additional trips.
Exercise training benefits many organ systems and offers protection against metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes. Using the recently identified isoform of PGC1-α (PGC1-α4) as a discovery ...tool, we report the identification of meteorin-like (Metrnl), a circulating factor that is induced in muscle after exercise and in adipose tissue upon cold exposure. Increasing circulating levels of Metrnl stimulates energy expenditure and improves glucose tolerance and the expression of genes associated with beige fat thermogenesis and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Metrnl stimulates an eosinophil-dependent increase in IL-4 expression and promotes alternative activation of adipose tissue macrophages, which are required for the increased expression of the thermogenic and anti-inflammatory gene programs in fat. Importantly, blocking Metrnl actions in vivo significantly attenuates chronic cold-exposure-induced alternative macrophage activation and thermogenic gene responses. Thus, Metrnl links host-adaptive responses to the regulation of energy homeostasis and tissue inflammation and has therapeutic potential for metabolic and inflammatory diseases.
Polyphase continuous waveform radar systems often use polyphase P4 modulation because of the periodic autocorrelation zero sidelobes and good Doppler tolerance. To extend the unambiguous detection ...range beyond a single-code period, this study develops a novel relationship between the polyphase P4 code and the robust symmetrical number system (RSNS) where the P4 phase values within the code period match the symmetrical residues within an RSNS sequence. By transmitting N greater than or equal to 2 coprime P4 code periods, the unambiguous range is extended by considering the paired values from each sequence. With this new approach, the unambiguous range is extended to the greatest length of combined coprime phase sequences that contain no repeated paired terms. The flexibility of the RSNS allows the unambiguous range to be extended, using a fewer number of subcodes within each code period. The combined phase sequences also have an inherent integer Gray code property to control range detection errors.
In an effort to identify tumor‐associated proteins from plasma of tumor‐bearing mice that may be used as diagnostic biomarkers, we developed a strategy that combines a tumor xenotransplantation model ...in nude mice with comparative proteomic technology. Five human cancer cell lines (SC‐M1, HONE‐1, CC‐M1, OECM1, GBM 8401) derived from stomach, nasopharyngeal, colon, oral and brain cancers were subcutaneously inoculated into nude mice and compared to control nude mice injected with phosphate‐buffered saline. One month later, plasma from mice inoculated with cancer cells was collected for proteomic analysis using two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2‐DE) and mass spectrometry (MS). Comparison of plasma 2‐DE maps from tumor‐bearing mice with those produced from control mice revealed the overexpression of several mouse acute phase proteins (APPs) such as haptoglobin. Another APP, serum amyloid A (SAA), was found only in mice bearing tumors induced by the stomach cancer cell line SC‐M1, which has not previously been demonstrated in xenotransplatation experiment. Furthermore, by using immunohistochemistry, SAA and haptoglobin were found to originate from the mouse hosts and not from the human cancer cell line donors. The protein alterations were further confirmed on patients with stomach cancers where up‐regulated levels of SAA were also observed. These results indicate that APPs may be used as nonspecific tumor‐associated serum markers. SAA in particular may serve as a potential marker for detecting stomach cancer. Taken together, the combination of the xenotransplatation model in nude mice and proteomics analysis provided a valuable impact for clinical applications in cancer diagnostics. In addition, our findings demonstrate that a panel of APPs might serve as screening biomarkers for early cancer detection.
This paper identifies a new phase sampling interferometer approach that can he easily incorporated into the established techniques to provide a high resolution, small-baseline array with a fewer ...number of phase sampling comparators. The approach is based on preprocessing the received signal using symmetrical number systems (SNS). Antennas based on both an optimum symmetrical number system (OSNS) and a robust symmetrical number system (RSNS) are investigated. The SNS preprocessing is used to decompose the spatial filtering operation into a number of parallel suboperations (moduli) that are of smaller computational complexity. A much higher direction finding (DF) spatial resolution is achieved after the N different moduli are used and the results of these low precision suboperations are recombined. By incorporating the OSNS or RSNS preprocessing concept, the field of view of a specific configuration of interferometers and phase sampling comparator arrangements can be analyzed exactly. The OSNS gives the maximum dynamic range or number of spatial resolution bins while the RSNS reduces considerably the number of possible encoding errors. Experimental results for both a 5-bit OSNS and a 6-bit RSNS array are compared. The errors in the encoding of the direction of arrival are quantified for both architectures.
A general transmission equation is derived for multiple simultaneous transmitters of arbitrary phase coherence. A closed form result is obtained by examining the expected value of the power at the ...output of the receive antenna. The applicability of the results to collective beamforming is also discussed.
A propagation loss study is presented to determine the attenuation of various building walls. An approximate model was developed for the propagation of a spherical electromagnetic wave through a ...building wall of known material properties. This model is based on the method of images and geometrical optics. This approximate model is shown to be in good agreement with measured results.
We report a case of a woman in whom uterine arterial embolization was performed using absorbable gelfoam particles for control of refractory postpartum hemorrhage. Ten days after delivery, the woman ...experienced high fever and low abdominal pain. Histologic findings after hysterectomy were consistent with uterine necrosis and acute suppurative myometritis.
High flexural strength is one of the desirable properties for denture base resins, yet only few studies have evaluated the physical properties of newer denture bases such as computer-aided design and ...computer aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) milled products.
The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the flexural strength of 3 different types of denture base resins: compression molded, injection molded, and CAD-CAM milled.
Three groups (n=10) of acrylic denture base resins were tested: injection molded, compression molded, and CAD-CAM milled resin. ISO-compliant, rectangular specimens were fabricated (64×10×3.3 mm) (n=30). Specimens were stored in water for 1 week, and flexural strength was measured by using a 3-point bend test until failure. The Student t test was used to evaluate differences in the flexural strength and modulus of elasticity among specimen groups. The Bonferroni formula was used to set significance at α=.017 to account for multiple comparisons among the 3 groups.
The flexural strength of the CAD-CAM milled group was significantly higher than that of the other 2 groups (P<.001), while the strength of the compression molded group was significantly greater than that of the injection molded group (P<.001). The flexural modulus of the CAD-CAM group was significantly higher than that of the other 2 groups (P<.001).
CAD-CAM milled denture bases may be a useful alternative to conventionally processed denture bases in situations where increased resistance to flexural strength is needed.
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