U eri globalizacije i ubrzanih tehnoloških promjena, nacionalne ekonomije sve više ovise o znanjima i spoznajama iz razvojnih i istraživačkih instituta. Uspjeh svake nacionalne ekonomije je u ...direktnoj korelaciji sa njenom sposobnošću i učinkovitošćuu skupljanju, primjeni i korištenju tih znanja i spoznaja. Osim toga, moderna proizvodnja i organizacija rada bazirana na tehnološkim inovacijama, omogućava brže zapošljavanje visokoobrazovanih radnika. Time se direktno podstiču kako veća produktivnost, tako i nove inovacije. Tehnološki parkovi se javljaju kao svojevrsni medijatori koji stimuliraju i upravljaju protokom znanja i tehnologija, između malih i srednjih poduzeća sa jedne strane i istraživačkih institucija, visokoškolskih ustanova i tržišta sa druge strane. Sposobni su da samostalno prate ideje i inovacije do razine poduzetničke primjene, pružajući korisnicima niz pratećih resursa i usluga.Tema ovog rada u fokus stavlja pitanje da li su i u kojoj mjeri mogu biti, tehnološki i IT parkovi generatori upošljavanja mladih u BiH. Kroz intervjuiranje etabliranih parkova koji postoje na domaćem tržištu, rad treba dati odgovor na pitanje koje marketing aktivnosti primjenjuju u privlačenju mladih, i time indirektno podstiču razvoj poduzetništva
Prilagođavanje dinamičnom poslovnom okruženju bit je suvremenog koncepta strateškog marketinga gdje kupci i tržište imaju središnju poziciju. Proces strateškog marketinga fazno je kontinuirana ...značajka koja se sastoji od analize čimbenika okoliša i tvrtke, formuliranja i odabira, te provedbe strateških ideja s konačnom kontrolom i revizijom. Stalnim pregledom ovih koraka želi se odabrati optimalna strateška rješenja u skladu sa specifičnostima prilika, ciljeva i raspoloživih resursa. Definiranje i oblikovanje kombinacije marketinških strategija u konačnici daje smjernice za stvaranje odgovarajuće marketinške kombinacije kroz različite taktike u akciji na odabranim ciljnim tržištima i segmentima kupaca. U primjeni koncepta strateškog marketinga moraju se uzeti u obzir specifičnosti djelatnosti u kojoj tvrtka posluje, položaj industrije s atraktivnošću u poslovnom okruženju i budući trendovi, što je također karakteristično za turističku industriju. U radu se istražuje definicija i primjena marketinške strategije u poslovanju putničke agencije X u kojoj rezultati pokazuju primjenu različitih strateških modela u obliku kombinacija kombinacija za različita poslovna područja, odnosno asortimane i turističke proizvode.
Bosna i Hercegovina je među poslednjim državama u pogledu uspjeha ekonomije i uvjeta poslovanja u Evropi. Razlozi za to su ratno razaranje, loš model privatizacije i nedovršena tranzicija, te velika ...politička neslaganja. Nakon rata, strategije razvoja bile su fokusirane na SME sektor. Ekonomski je logično, da velike kompanije ako postoje i rentabilno posluju, povezuju mala i srednja poduzeća kao poslovne saradnike. Međutim, velike kompanije više ne egzistiraju, a sektor malih i srednjih poduzeća je ekonomski nestabilan i nedovoljno jak, zbog neadekvatne državne podrške i izloženosti rastućem utjecaju globalizacije. Pored ekonomskih, postoje i problemi u demografskoj i društvenoj sferi života. Hronična nezaposlenost i niske zarade "prisiljavaju" migracije mlađe populacije i „egzodus mozgova.“ Obrazovni sistem nije usklađen sa potrebama tržišta rada. Sve to limitira upotrebu modernih tehnologija i usporava ekonomski rast i razvoj. U tako kompleksnoj situaciji, logično je pitanje na koje se sektore treba primarno fokusirati u budućnosti? Autori ovog rada percipiraju IT sektor kao razvojnu priliku za BiH. Pogodan je za manje, otvorene ekonomije jer ne zahtijeva velike investicije u infrastrukturu. Stvaranjem povoljnijeg poslovnog okruženja za ovaj sektor, BiH može izvoziti "pamet" u obliku različitih IT proizvoda i IT usluga. Cilj rada je da se eksplicitno dokaže da čak i u nepovoljnom tržišnom ambijentu IT sektor registruje profitabilniji rast. Rezulati analize istraživanja bi trebali biti signal državnim razvojnim strategijama da percipiraju IT sektor kao ozbiljnu stratešku opciju ekonomskog rasta i razvoja BiH. Primarni fokus na IT sektor će podići globalnu konkurentost BiH, agregirati veću dodanu vrijednosti od postojeće, te višu stopu zapošljavanja u ovoj oblasti. S obzirom na trenutnu globalnu percepciju IT djelatnosti kao „zanimanje budućnosti“, to će u budućnosti privlačiti veliki broj mladih i obrazovanih ljudi. Time će se indirektno ublažiti i aktuelni migracijski i demografski problemi (demografska depopulacija). Da sustigne nivo razvijenosti najnerazvijenijih zemalja EU, BiH, prema realnim projekcijama potrebno je nekoliko decenija. Ako se strategija rasta bude temeljila na inovacijama, društvu znanja i IT sektoru, taj period se može značajno skratiti.
The regulatory specificity of enhancers and their interaction with gene promoters is thought to be controlled by their sequence and the binding of transcription factors. By studying Pitx1, a ...regulator of hindlimb development, we show that dynamic changes in chromatin conformation can restrict the activity of enhancers. Inconsistent with its hindlimb-restricted expression, Pitx1 is controlled by an enhancer (Pen) that shows activity in forelimbs and hindlimbs. By Capture Hi-C and three-dimensional modeling of the locus, we demonstrate that forelimbs and hindlimbs have fundamentally different chromatin configurations, whereby Pen and Pitx1 interact in hindlimbs and are physically separated in forelimbs. Structural variants can convert the inactive into the active conformation, thereby inducing Pitx1 misexpression in forelimbs, causing partial arm-to-leg transformation in mice and humans. Thus, tissue-specific three-dimensional chromatin conformation can contribute to enhancer activity and specificity in vivo and its disturbance can result in gene misexpression and disease.
Cardiovascular Risk in Women with Preeclampsia Čerkez Habek, Jasna; Vuković Bobić, Mirna; Habek, Dubravko ...
Acta clinica Croatica (Tisak),
01/2022, Letnik:
61, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
In this study, possible biochemical and functional cardiovascular markers were assessed in women with preeclampsia. Fifty-five pregnant women with manifest moderate (mild) preeclampsia (PE) and fifty ...healthy women as a control group were included in this prospective study. Laboratory tests including lipid panel, C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine levels as biohumoral markers of atherogenesis, as well as ergometry and the main cardiovascular risk factor markers were performed in all women during pregnancy and six months after delivery. In our study, cholesterol and LDL levels in the PE group did not differ from those in the control group. Triglyceride levels in the PE group were higher than the corresponding values found in normal pregnancies, while HDL levels were significantly lower in the PE group than in the normal pregnancy group (p<0.001). The values of total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides in the PE group were higher compared to those in the same group six months after delivery (p<0.001). The effect of PE as an inflammatory disease could be confirmed to a certain extent by elevated CRP levels (p<0.001). A very high percentage of negative exercise stress tests indicated a good cardiovascular response to the current PE in the otherwise healthy pregestational women. It could be concluded that the development of possible cardiovascular comorbidities in preeclamptic pregnant women is a long process, but also due to etiologic factors of coexistent metabolic disorders such as dyslipidemia, as well as elevated inflammatory markers and homocysteine, PE can be considered even an early predictor of cardiovascular disease.
Lipid rafts, membrane microdomains enriched with (glyco)sphingolipids, cholesterol, and select proteins, act as cellular signalosomes. Various methods have been used to separate lipid rafts from bulk ...(non‐raft) membranes, but most often, non‐ionic detergent Triton X‐100 has been used in their isolation. However, Triton X‐100 is a reported disruptor of lipid rafts. Histological evidence confirmed raft disruption by Triton X‐100, but remarkably revealed raft stability to treatment with a related polyethylene oxide detergent, Brij O20. We report isolation of detergent‐resistant membranes from mouse brain using Brij O20 and its use to determine the distribution of major mammalian brain gangliosides, GM1, GD1a, GD1b and GT1b. A different distribution of gangliosides—classically used as a raft marker—was discovered using Brij O20 versus Triton X‐100. Immunohistochemistry and imaging mass spectrometry confirm the results. Use of Brij O20 results in a distinctive membrane distribution of gangliosides that is not all lipid raft associated, but depends on the ganglioside structure. This is the first report of a significant proportion of gangliosides outside raft domains. We also determined the distribution of proteins functionally related to neuroplasticity and known to be affected by ganglioside environment, glutamate receptor subunit 2, amyloid precursor protein and neuroplastin and report the lipid raft populations of these proteins in mouse brain tissue. This work will enable more accurate lipid raft analysis with respect to glycosphingolipid and membrane protein composition and lead to improved resolution of lipid–protein interactions within biological membranes.
Using a data‐driven partitioning strategy, we report that a significant proportion of gangliosides, long believed to be lipid raft resident, reside outside raft domains. Immunohistochemistry and imaging mass spectrometry revealed that the distribution of gangliosides remains largely unchanged by treatment with Brij O20 detergent compared to the widely used Triton X‐100, which induces ganglioside redistribution. Lipid raft analyses of Brij O20 brain extracts revealed that gangliosides are not all lipid raft depending on the ganglioside structures. Likewise, different neuroplasticity protein raft distributions were revealed. This work enables more accurate lipid raft analyses for resolution of lipid–protein interactions in biological membranes.
We wanted to investigate whether students who study within biomedical fields (i.e., medicine, pharmacy science) differ from those whose studies are not connected to the biomedical field in terms of ...their attitudes and behaviors related to urinary tract infections (UTIs). This was a cross-sectional survey-based study conducted among 392 female students, of whom 243 attended a biomedical school and 149 (38.0%) attended a non-biomedical school, using a previously published tool. The survey was distributed as an online link via student representatives at different faculties. Only 22 (5.6%) of women felt that they could not recognize a UTI. A greater proportion of biomedical students wiped front to back, while significantly more non-biomedical students chose cotton underwear and avoided daily sanitary pads compared to biomedical students. As many as 215 (54.8%) women stated that they used cranberry preparations. Biomedical students showed greater awareness about possible resistance to repeated treatment (
= 0.002) and greater knowledge of possible interactions of antibiotics (
< 0.001). This study reveals that young women are confident in recognizing an UTIs, are open to alternative treatments, and would consider UTI management in a pharmacy setting. However, it reveals that there might be gaps in their knowledge regarding antibiotic resistance risks, possible interactions, and efficacy of available preparations, as participants from the group of biomedical students showed greater knowledge and different behaviors.
In this study, possible biochemical and functional cardiovascular markers were assessed in women with preeclampsia. Fifty-five pregnant women with manifest moderate (mild) preeclampsia (PE) and fifty ...healthy women as a control group were included in this prospective study. Laboratory tests including lipid panel, C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine levels as biohumoral markers of atherogenesis, as well as ergometry and the main cardiovascular risk factor markers were performed in all women during pregnancy and six months after delivery. In our study, cholesterol and LDL levels in the PE group did not differ from those in the control group. Triglyceride levels in the PE group were higher than the corresponding values found in normal pregnancies, while HDL levels were significantly lower in the PE group than in the normal pregnancy group (p<0.001). The values of total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides in the PE group were higher compared to those in the same group six months after delivery (p<0.001). The effect of PE as an inflammatory disease could be confirmed to a certain extent by elevated CRP levels (p<0.001). A very high percentage of negative exercise stress tests indicated a good cardiovascular response to the current PE in the otherwise healthy pregestational women. It could be concluded that the development of possible cardiovascular comorbidities in preeclamptic pregnant women is a long process, but also due to etiologic factors of coexistent metabolic disorders such as dyslipidemia, as well as elevated inflammatory markers and homocysteine, PE can be considered even an early predictor of cardiovascular disease. Key words: Preeclampsia; Cardiovascular risk; Atherogenesis U ovom clanku prikazani su moguci biokemijski i funkcionalni kardiovaskularni pokazatelji kod ?ena s preeklampsijom. U ovu prospektivnu studiju ukljuceno je pedeset i pet trudnica s umjerenom (blagom) preeklampsijom (PE) te pedeset zdravih ?ena u kontrolnoj skupini inicijalno tijekom trudnoce te ?est mjeseci nakon porodaja. Laboratorijska analiza je ukljucivala odredivanje lipidograma, C-reaktivnog proteina (CRP) i razine homocisteina kao biohumoralnog pokazatelja aterogeneze, kao i test opterecenja na pokretnom sagu uz izdvajanje osnovnih poznatih kardiovaskularnih cimbenika rizika. U na?oj studiji razina ukupnog kolesterola i LDL kolesterola u skupini s PE nije se razlikovala od onih u kontrolnoj skupini. Razine triglicerida u skupini s PE bile su vi?e od odgovarajucih vrijednosti u normalnim trudnocama, dok su razine HDL u skupini s PE bile znacajno ni?e nego u kontrolnoj skupini (p<0,001). Vrijednosti ukupnog kolesterola, LDL-a, HDL-a i triglicerida u skupini s PE bile su znacajno vi?e u trudnoci u usporedbi s onima u istoj skupini ?est mjeseci nakon porodaja (p<0,001). Ucinak PE kao upalne bolesti mo?e se u odredenoj mjeri potvrditi povi?enim razinama CRP-a (p<0,001). Vrlo visok postotak negativnih testova na testu opterecenja pokazao je dobru kardiovaskularnu funkcionalnu sposobnost naspram PE u inace pregestacijski zdravih ?ena. Mo?e se zakljuciti da je razvoj mogucih kardiovaskularnih supostojecih bolesti kod trudnica s PE dug proces, ali svakako zbog etiologije metabolickih poremecaja kao ?to je dislipidemija, kao i povi?enih upalnih pokazatelja i homocisteina, ujedno i rani prediktor kardiovaskularnih bolesti. Kljucne rijeci: Preeklampsija; Kardiovaskularni rizik; Aterogeneza
The aim of this study was to analyze if registered drug packs of antibiotics are in accordance with national guidelines for prostatitis treatment regard to the amount of drug units.; Methods: ...Croatian, UK (NICE), Australian, Spanish and Slovenian national guidelines were analyzed in this study. Results: Comparing treatment guidelines with registered drug packs resulted in perfect accordance only for drug packs registered in the UK with the NICE guidelines, where even split-pack dispensing is possible. Interestingly, when comparing drug packs registered in the UK with treatment proposed in the national guidelines of Croatia, Italy, Spain, Australia, USA and Slovenia, they matched almost perfectly. In other investigated countries, registered drug packs’ national guidelines’ analysis showed mismatch in 25–100% of recommendations (Italy and Slovenia, respectively). Conclusions: Mismatch between registered drug packs that are dispensed to patients and treatment guidelines may result in excess units of antimicrobials that may be misused by the patient in the future, or excess antimicrobials may become unnecessary waste, further promoting antimicrobial resistance. Greater accordance of registered drug packs of antimicrobials with treatment guidelines may lower rates of antimicrobials misuse.
Las arañas son artrópodos de importancia en los agroecosistemas, por servir como indicadores de la calidad ambiental, además del rol que pueden desempeñar como agentes de control biológico de algunas ...especies de insectos plaga en plantas de interés. Adicionalmente, especies arbustivas como Salvia rosmarinus (L.), comúnmente conocida como romero, suelen ser utilizadas como cercas vivas, encontrándose colindantes con cultivos de importancia como las hortalizas; siendo Cerro Punta la principal zona productora de dichos rubros en el país. El objetivo del presente estudio consistió en conocer la comunidad de arañas asociadas al romero en Cerro Punta, Chiriquí, Panamá. Para ello, se realizaron muestreos aleatorios en plantas de romero, situadas en diferentes sitios de Cerro Punta. Las arañas fueron observadas, fotografiadas, colectadas e identificadas, con apoyo de literatura especializada. Los resultados obtenidos indicaron que, el 57% de las arañas encontradas correspondió a la especie Argiope argentata (Fabricius, 1775), 36% fueron individuos de Leucauge venusta (Walkenaer, 1841) y 7% correspondió a una especie del género Nephila. Adicionalmente, se observó en las telarañas de especímenes adultos capturados del Suborden Homoptera. Se concluye que, la comunidad de arañas asociadas al romero en Cerro Punta, está representada por al menos tres géneros de arañas, las cuales pueden contribuir con el balance natural de la entomofauna asociada al agroecosistema.
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