Synkinesias are common in Down's syndrome Habbak, R; Warren, A C; Aylward, E ...
The journal of nervous and mental disease,
1994-November, Letnik:
182, Številka:
11
Journal Article
The hypothesis of a km-thick ice shelf covering the entire Arctic Ocean during peak glacial conditions was proposed nearly half a century ago. Floating ice shelves preserve few direct traces after ...their disappearance, making reconstructions difficult. Seafloor imprints of ice shelves should, however, exist where ice grounded along their flow paths. Here we present new evidence of ice-shelf groundings on bathymetric highs in the central Arctic Ocean, resurrecting the concept of an ice shelf extending over the entire central Arctic Ocean during at least one previous ice age. New and previously mapped glacial landforms together reveal flow of a spatially coherent, in some regions >1-km thick, central Arctic Ocean ice shelf dated to marine isotope stage 6 (∼ 140 ka). Bathymetric highs were likely critical in the ice-shelf development by acting as pinning points where stabilizing ice rises formed, thereby providing sufficient back stress to allow ice shelf thickening.
New advances in textural analysis and imaging allow the possibility for the true distribution of mineral phases in a rock to be quantified to high resolution. Also we are able to explore the ...relations between 2D to 3D datasets more rigorously. In this study the application of 2D and 3D textural analysis to the quantification of olivine populations in kimberlites is investigated. Crystal size distribution studies (CSD) are carried out on two kimberlite samples: 1) one from the Venetia K2 kimberlite pipe, South Africa; and 2) one from the Dutoitspan kimberlite pipe, Kimberley, South Africa. A 3D X-ray CT study is undertaken to investigate the application of this developing technique in kimberlite research and to test the 2D and 3D data sets. CSD profiles show markedly curved upwards profiles synonymous with fragmented CSDs, supporting an initial crystal population which is modified by fragmentation of crystals on ascent. Raw plots of 2D area size frequency provide a powerful first estimate of the population 3D statistics in terms of volume size frequency, allowing a quick analysis of olivine phases during exploration which can be quality controlled using more detailed 3D studies where necessary. The 3D data set provides accurate analysis over a range of 6–~0.5
mm, below which the separation of grains becomes very difficult. Additionally the 3D data provides valuable information on crystal shape which can further be used to distinguish different olivine populations. Both 2D and 3D textural studies using state of the art textural analysis techniques have been successfully tested on complex kimberite textures, and will prove useful techniques in the routine quantification of key indicator phases in kimberlite analysis.
Decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM)–based biomaterials are of great clinical utility in soft tissue repair applications due to their regenerative properties. Multi-layered dECM devices have ...been developed for clinical indications where additional thickness and biomechanical performance are required. However, traditional approaches to the fabrication of multi-layered dECM devices introduce additional laminating materials or chemical modifications of the dECM that may impair the biological functionality of the material. Using an established dECM biomaterial, ovine forestomach matrix, a novel method for the fabrication of multi-layered dECM constructs has been developed, where layers are bonded via a physical interlocking process without the need for additional bonding materials or detrimental chemical modification of the dECM. The versatility of the interlocking process has been demonstrated by incorporating a layer of hyaluronic acid to create a composite material with additional biological functionality. Interlocked composite devices including hyaluronic acid showed improved in vitro bioactivity and moisture retention properties.
The Snap Lake hypabyssal kimberlite is a 15° inclined intrusion that intrudes Archaean rocks of the Slave craton. Mapping has identified two main lithofacies within the intrusion, olivine-rich ...kimberlite (ORK) and olivine-poor kimberlite (OPK). Extensive bulk sampling has demonstrated that diamonds vary in both abundance and size across the intrusion. Since fresh forsteritic olivine and diamond possess similar densities they can be expected to be hydraulically equivalent. This study investigates the local scale variation of olivine grain size and content using image analysis, and whether olivine can be used as a proxy for diamond concentration and size. Direct measurement of diamonds is made difficult by extremely low concentrations of around 0.4 ppm and by the inability of the sampling methodology to sample selectively.
Olivines from the two kimberlite varieties possess distinctly different crystal size distributions and this, together with contrasting groundmass textures, mineralogy and phlogopite compositions, indicates that the OPK and ORK represent two distinct batches of kimberlite magma. The general lack of sorting of olivine grains and the presence of decussate phlogopite textures in the ORK indicate that this magma crystallized rapidly, but was probably preceded by the OPK which had a more complex crystallization history as revealed by complex zoning patterns of its phlogopite grains.
A methodology for comparing olivine and diamond size distributions has been developed, and a strong correlation between diamond and olivine size distributions is demonstrated. The correlation is used to demonstrate that diamond size distributions can be predicted from the proportions of OPK and ORK that comprise each bulk sample. It can be concluded that the two textural varieties of kimberlite possess distinctly different olivine (and diamond?) populations and that olivines are a good proxy for understanding diamond distributions at a local scale in the Snap Lake intrusion.
Providing comprehensive tobacco addiction treatment to smokers admitted to acute care settings represents an opportunity to realise major health resource savings and population health improvements.
...The CURE project is a hospital-wide tobacco addiction treatment service piloted in Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, UK. The core components of the project are electronic screening of all patients to identify smokers; the provision of brief advice and pharmacotherapy by frontline staff; opt-out referral of smokers to a specialist team for inpatient behavioural interventions; and continued support after discharge.
From 01 October 2018 to 31 March 2019, 92% (13,515/14,690) of adult admissions were screened for smoking status, identifying 2,393 current smokers. Of these, 96% were given brief advice to quit by the admitting team. Through the automated ‘opt-out’ referral process, 61% patients completed inpatient behavioural interventions with a specialist cessation practitioner (69% within the first 48 hours of admission). Overall, 66% of smokers were prescribed pharmacotherapy. Over one in five of all smokers admitted during this pilot reported that they were abstinent from smoking 12 weeks after discharge (22%) at a cost £183 per quit.
National implementation of this cost-effective programme would be likely to generate substantial benefits to public health.
The processes controlling advance and retreat of outlet glaciers in fjords draining the Greenland Ice Sheet remain poorly known, undermining assessments of their dynamics and associated sea-level ...rise in a warming climate. Mass loss of the Greenland Ice Sheet has increased six-fold over the last four decades, with discharge and melt from outlet glaciers comprising key components of this loss. Here we acquired oceanographic data and multibeam bathymetry in the previously uncharted Sherard Osborn Fjord in northwest Greenland where Ryder Glacier drains into the Arctic Ocean. Our data show that warmer subsurface water of Atlantic origin enters the fjord, but Ryder Glacier’s floating tongue at its present location is partly protected from the inflow by a bathymetric sill located in the innermost fjord. This reduces under-ice melting of the glacier, providing insight into Ryder Glacier’s dynamics and its vulnerability to inflow of Atlantic warmer water.
A bathymetric sill in Sherard Osborn Fjord, northwest Greenland shields Ryder Glacier from melting by warm Atlantic water found at the bottom of the fjord, according to high-resolution bathymetric mapping and oceanographic data.
We assess if ultrasound surveillance of newly-created arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) can predict nonmaturation sufficiently reliably to justify randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluation of ...ultrasound-directed salvage intervention.
Consenting adults underwent blinded fortnightly ultrasound scanning of their AVF after creation, with scan characteristics that predicted AVF nonmaturation identified by logistic regression modeling.
Of 333 AVFs created, 65.8% matured by 10 weeks. Serial scanning revealed that maturation occurred rapidly, whereas consistently lower fistula flow rates and venous diameters were observed in those that did not mature. Wrist and elbow AVF nonmaturation could be optimally modeled from week 4 ultrasound parameters alone, but with only moderate positive predictive values (PPVs) (wrist, 60.6% 95% confidence interval, CI: 43.9–77.3; elbow, 66.7% 48.9–84.4). Moreover, 40 (70.2%) of the 57 AVFs that thrombosed by week 10 had already failed by the week 4 scan, thus limiting the potential of salvage procedures initiated by that scan’s findings to alter overall maturation rates. Modeling of the early ultrasound characteristics could also predict primary patency failure at 6 months; however, that model performed poorly at predicting assisted primary failure (those AVFs that failed despite a salvage attempt), partly because patency of at-risk AVFs was maintained by successful salvage performed without recourse to the early scan data.
Early ultrasound surveillance may predict fistula maturation, but is likely, at best, to result in only very modest improvements in fistula patency. Power calculations suggest that an impractically large number of participants (>1700) would be required for formal RCT evaluation.
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IntroductionArteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are considered the best and safest modality for providing haemodialysis in patients with end-stage renal disease. Only 20% of UK centres achieve the ...recommended 80% target for achieving dialysis of the prevalent dialysis population via permanent access (as opposed to a central venous catheter). This is partly due to the relatively poor maturation rate of newly created fistulas, with as many as 50% of fistulas failing to mature.The Surveillance Of arterioveNous fistulAe using ultRasound study will examine whether a protocolised programme of Doppler ultrasound (US) surveillance can identify, early after creation, potentially correctable problems in those AVFs that subsequently fail to mature.Methods and analysisThis is a multicentre observational study that will assess newly created AVFs by Doppler US performed at 2, 4, 6 and 10 weeks after creation. The primary outcome measure will be primary fistula patency at week 10. Secondary outcome measures include: successful use of the fistula; clinical suitability for dialysis; creation of new fistula or radiological salvage; fistula thrombosis; secondary fistula patency rate and patient acceptability.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Cambridgeshire and Hertfordshire Research Ethics Committee and by the Health Research Authority (REC 18/EE/0234). The results generated from this work will be published as open access, within 3 years of trial commencement. We will also present our findings at key national/international renal meetings, as well as support volunteers at renal patient groups to disseminate the trial outcome.Trial registration number ISRCTN36033877
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