Abstract
The accurate, continuous analysis of healthcare-relevant gases such as nitrogen oxides (NO
x
) in a humid environment remains elusive for low-cost, stretchable gas sensing devices. This ...study presents the design and demonstration of a moisture-resistant, stretchable NO
x
gas sensor based on laser-induced graphene (LIG). Sandwiched between a soft elastomeric substrate and a moisture-resistant semipermeable encapsulant, the LIG sensing and electrode layer is first optimized by tuning laser processing parameters such as power, image density, and defocus distance. The gas sensor, using a needlelike LIG prepared with optimal laser processing parameters, exhibits a large response of 4.18‰ ppm
−1
to NO and 6.66‰ ppm
−1
to NO
2
, an ultralow detection limit of 8.3 ppb to NO and 4.0 ppb to NO
2
, fast response/recovery, and excellent selectivity. The design of a stretchable serpentine structure in the LIG electrode and strain isolation from the stiff island allows the gas sensor to be stretched by 30%. Combined with a moisture-resistant property against a relative humidity of 90%, the reported gas sensor has further been demonstrated to monitor the personal local environment during different times of the day and analyze human breath samples to classify patients with respiratory diseases from healthy volunteers. Moisture-resistant, stretchable NO
x
gas sensors can expand the capability of wearable devices to detect biomarkers from humans and exposed environments for early disease diagnostics.
Although one of the first comprehensive examinations of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression was performed in human CD8 T lymphocytes, little is known about their roles in CD8 T cells functions ...during the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we show that Lnc-Tim3 is upregulated and negatively correlates with IFN-γ and IL-2 production in tumor-infiltrating CD8 T cells of HCC patients. Lnc-Tim3 plays a pivotal role in stimulating CD8 T exhaustion and the survival of the exhausted CD8 T cells. Mechanistically, Lnc-Tim3 specifically binds to Tim-3 and blocks its interaction with Bat3, thus suppressing downstream Lck/ NFAT1/AP-1 signaling, leading to nuclear localization of Bat3, and enhancing p300-dependent p53 and RelA transcriptional activation of anti-apoptosis genes including MDM2 and Bcl-2. In summary, Lnc-Tim3 promotes T cell exhaustion, a phenotype which is correlated with compromised anti-tumor immunity, suggesting that Lnc-Tim3 and its associated signaling pathways may influence the outcome of cancer therapies aimed at modulating the acquired immune system.
Li+ de‐solvation at solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI)‐electrolyte interface stands as a pivotal step that imposes limitations on the fast‐charging capability and low‐temperature performance of ...lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Unraveling the contributions of key constituents in the SEI that facilitate Li+ de‐solvation and deciphering their mechanisms, as a design principle for the interfacial structure of anode materials, is still a challenge. Herein, we conducted a systematic exploration of the influence exerted by various inorganic components (Li2CO3, LiF, Li3PO4) found in the SEI on their role in promoting the Li+ de‐solvation. The findings highlight that Li3PO4‐enriched SEI effectively reduces the de‐solvation energy due to its ability to attenuate the Li+‐solvent interaction, thereby expediting the de‐solvation process. Building on this, we engineer Li3PO4 interphase on graphite (LPO−Gr) anode via a simple solid‐phase coating, facilitating the Li+ de‐solvation and building an inorganic‐rich SEI, resulting in accelerated Li+ transport crossing the electrode interfaces and interphases. Full cells using the LPO−Gr anode can replenish its 80 % capacity in 6.5 minutes, while still retaining 70 % of the room temperature capacity even at −20 °C. Our strategy establishes connection between the de‐solvation characteristics of the SEI components and the interfacial structure design of anode materials for high performance LIBs.
In this article, we embark on a systematic exploration of the influence exerted by various inorganic components (Li2CO3, LiF, Li3PO4) found in the SEI on their role in promoting the Li+ de‐solvation. The findings highlight that an Li3PO4‐enriched SEI effectively weakens the interaction between Li+ and solvent. Building on this, we engineer a Li3PO4 interphase on graphite (LPO−Gr) via a simple solid‐phase coating, significantly facilitating the Li+ de‐solvation and building an inorganic‐rich SEI.
Li
de-solvation at solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI)-electrolyte interface stands as a pivotal step that imposes limitations on the fast-charging capability and low-temperature performance of ...lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Unraveling the contributions of key constituents in the SEI that facilitate Li
de-solvation and deciphering their mechanisms, as a design principle for the interfacial structure of anode materials, is still a challenge. Herein, we conducted a systematic exploration of the influence exerted by various inorganic components (Li
CO
, LiF, Li
PO
) found in the SEI on their role in promoting the Li
de-solvation. The findings highlight that Li
PO
-enriched SEI effectively reduces the de-solvation energy due to its ability to attenuate the Li
-solvent interaction, thereby expediting the de-solvation process. Building on this, we engineer Li
PO
interphase on graphite (LPO-Gr) anode via a simple solid-phase coating, facilitating the Li
de-solvation and building an inorganic-rich SEI, resulting in accelerated Li
transport crossing the electrode interfaces and interphases. Full cells using the LPO-Gr anode can replenish its 80 % capacity in 6.5 minutes, while still retaining 70 % of the room temperature capacity even at -20 °C. Our strategy establishes connection between the de-solvation characteristics of the SEI components and the interfacial structure design of anode materials for high performance LIBs.
The surge in air pollution and respiratory diseases across the globe has spurred significant interest in the development of flexible gas sensors prepared by low-cost and scalable fabrication methods. ...However, the limited breathability in the commonly used substrate materials reduces the exchange of air and moisture to result in irritation and a low level of comfort. This study presents the design and demonstration of a breathable, flexible, and highly sensitive NO2 gas sensor based on the silver (Ag)-decorated laser-induced graphene (LIG) foam. The scalable laser direct writing transforms the self-assembled block copolymer and resin mixture with different mass ratios into highly porous LIG with varying pore sizes. Decoration of Ag nanoparticles on the porous LIG further increases the specific surface area and conductivity to result in a highly sensitive and selective composite to detect nitrogen oxides. The as-fabricated Ag/LIG gas sensor on a flexible polyethylene substrate exhibits a large response of −12‰, a fast response/recovery of 40/291 s, and a low detection limit of a few parts per billion at room temperature. Integrating the Ag/LIG composite on diverse fabric substrates further results in breathable gas sensors and intelligent clothing, which allows permeation of air and moisture to provide long-term practical use with an improved level of comfort.
Simple multiplication errors are primarily shown in whether the lures are related to the operands (relatedness, such as 3 × 4 = 15 vs. 17) or whether the same decades are shared with the correct ...answers (consistency, such as 3 × 4 = 16 vs. 21). This study used a delayed verification paradigm and event-related potential technique to investigate the effects of relatedness and consistency in simple multiplication mental arithmetic for 30 college students in an experiment of presenting probes in auditory channels. We found that, compared to the related inconsistent lures, the related consistent lures showed significantly faster reaction time and induced significantly large amplitudes of N400 and late positive component. The findings suggest that related consistent lures are less affected by the activation diffusion of the arithmetic problem, and the credibility of being perceived as the correct answer is less; the lures related to operands and sharing the same decades with the accurate results can promote the judgment of multiplication mental arithmetic, and the results support the Interacting Neighbors Model.
In this work, we reported a method for construction of difluorocyclopropanes through visible light‐promoted 1+2 cycloaddition reaction of aryl diazo esters with gem‐difluoroalkenes. The reaction ...proceeds under mild conditions, encompasses a wide range of substrates (36 examples), exhibits good tolerance to various substituents, and demonstrates a diastereoselectivity of >20:1. Additionally, antifungal activity evaluation revealed that these derivatives exhibited certain activity, the EC50 values for the products towards Botrytis cinerea and Rhizoctonia solani were measured to be 1.51 and 1.36 μM, respectively, which are significantly lower than those of commercial fungicides Hymexazol and Azoxystrobin. This work not only provides an efficient method for the synthesis of difluorocyclopropanyl derivatives, but reveals their potential applications in fungicide creation.
Many thermal resources are not reasonably used in the chemical industry’s production process. To recover the waste heat from organic waste residue-calcium carbonate (CaCO3), which is added to inhibit ...hydrogen production, an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system is applied in this research. An ORC system can reuse the low-temperature waste heat that is not fully utilized. In this study, the mathematical model of the biomass ORC power generation system is constructed. Five organic working fluids, R11, R113, R123, R141b, and R245fa, were selected from the physical characteristics and safety of working fluids. The system application case is the low-temperature heat absorption in a chemical industry’s production process. The system is simulated by Aspen Plus V11 software, so as to study and analyze the influence of different working fluids and working conditions on the system performance and to obtain the preferred working fluids under different working conditions. At the same time, the economic evaluation and entropy method of the system are evaluated by using the investment profit rate PRI from different angles. It can be found that R11 and R141b have advantages, but R11 does not have advantages in environmental aspects. Through research, it is found that it is difficult to have a working fluid that can adapt to the biomass ORC power generation system under any working conditions. This paper can provide a basis for the subsequent research and selection of working fluids in the biomass ORC system.
Different doses of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) may affect individuals' executive functions (EF). In this study, low-dose HIIT and moderate-dose HIIT were used to explore different doses ...of HIIT in terms of the impact on the EF of college students.
All the participants were randomly divided into three groups. One group was not assigned any HIIT, which was called the control group. One group was assigned one session of HIIT/week, which was called the low-dose group. The last group was assigned wo sessions of HIIT/week, which was called the moderate-dose group. All groups were subjected to EF measurements. The first measurement comprised an EF a baseline measurement (Time 1) before the experiment began; the second measurement was taken (Time 2) after 6 weeks; the third measurement was taken (Time 3) after 12 weeks.
Time 1: We found that there was no significant difference in EF among the groups (
> 0.05). Time 2: The moderate-dose group and low-dose group improved in terms of EF. However, the improvement effect was different, and the improvement effect of the moderate-dose group EF was better than that of the low-dose group. The second measurement, EF was better for all exercise groups than for the control group. Inhibition test (reaction time: 3.97-8.24%,
< 0.05, effect size: 0.413); cognitive flexibility (accuracy: 6.66-7.32%,
< 0.05, effect size: 0.203; reaction time: 5.55-7.49%,
< 0.05, effect size: 0.521); working memory (accuracy: 4.05-4.69%,
< 0.05, effect size: 0.515; reaction time: 2.73-5.42%,
< 0.05, effect size: 0.430). Time 3: the moderate-dose group and low-dose group showed a downward trend in terms of EF.
Low-dose HIIT and moderate-dose HIIT improved the EF in college students, but moderate-dose HIIT was better. This study suggests that moderate-dose HIIT should be adopted to improve the EF in college students.
The research has indicated that elite football players demonstrate cognitive advantages in visual working memory capacity (VWMC); however, it remains unclear whether this effect transfers to other ...domains cognitive advantages.
This study investigated the VWMC differences between elite football players and novices, with a particular focus on cognitive advantages.
Elite football players (specialized in football) and novices were selected to complete the VWMC test task under three different stimulus conditions, then the differences in the VWMCs of elite football players and novices were analyzed.
In comparison to novices, elite football players demonstrated cognitive advantages in VWMCs, along with a possible transfer effect. Additionally, the study showed that the reaction times among elite football players and novices differed, with elite players demonstrating shorter reaction times, which is a difference that was amplified as the number of stimuli increased.
The VWMCs of elite football players was better than that of novices under professional and meaningless conditions, which indicates that the VWMCs of elite football players has a transfer effect. Through further analysis of the reaction times cognitive advantages, it was found that there are significant differences between elite football players and novices when responding to the stimuli in both professional and meaningless conditions.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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