Abstract only Introduction Although intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) represents standard‐of‐care treatment for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in eligible adult patients, definitive evidence‐based ...guidelines and randomized clinical trial data evaluating its safety and efficacy in the pediatric population remain absent from the literature. We aim to evaluate the utilization and outcomes of IVT for the treatment of pediatric AIS using a large national registry. Methods Weighted hospitalizations for pediatric (<18 years of age) AIS patients were identified in the National Inpatient Sample during the period of 2001 to 2019. Complex samples statistical methods were performed to assess unadjusted and adjusted outcomes in patients treated with IVT or other medical management. Results Among 13,901 pediatric AIS patients, 270 (1.9%) were treated with IVT monotherapy (median age 12.8 years). IVT‐treated patients developed any intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) at a rate of 5.6% (n = 15), and 71.9% (n = 194) experienced favorable functional outcomes at discharge (to home or to acute rehabilitation). Following propensity‐score adjustment for age, acute stroke severity, infarct location, and etiological/comorbid conditions, IVT was not associated with an increased risk of any ICH 5.6% vs. 5.4%, p = 0.931; adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.48, 2.14, p = 0.971, nor with favorable functional outcome (71.9% vs. 74.5%, p = 0.489; aOR 0.88, 95% CI 0.60, 1.29, p = 0.511) in comparison with other medical therapy. Conclusions Twenty years of population‐level data in the United States demonstrate that pediatric AIS patients treated with IVT experienced high rates of favorable outcomes without an increased risk of hemorrhagic transformation.
To understand the genetic and environmental influences on the relationship between attention deficit and anxiety/depression in children and adolescents.
A total of 1 062 same-sex twins aged 6-18 ...years were included in this study. A parent-rated child behavior checklist (CBCL) was used in the assessment. Software Mx was used to fit the univariate model of structural equation. The relationship between attention deficit and anxiety/depression was analyzed through bivariate genetic modeling.
The genetic factor had influence on the relationship between attention deficit and anxiety/depression (
(g)=0.48). Shared and non-shared environmental correlation scores of attention deficit and anxiety/depression were 0.86 and 0.14 respectively.
Common genetic and shared environmental influences can explain the relationship between attention deficit and anxiety/depression in children and adolescents.
This paper presents a new technique called morphology singular entropy (MSE), based on which a phase selector for transmission lines is developed. MSE combines mathematical morphology, singular value ...decomposition (SVD), and entropy theory, making it insensitive to noise and easy to extract the features of the fault-induced transients. Voltage signals are used as inputs of the proposed MSE-based phase selector. Each signal is processed by a multiscale morphological filter first, and a matrix consisting of the outputs of the filter is formed. By decomposing the matrix using SVD, the singular values are obtained, and then the entropy in association with this signal can be calculated. Afterwards, in order to improve the sensitivity and reliability of the phase selection, four classification indices derived from the entropies are defined. The phase selection is performed by comparing these four indices to a preset threshold. Simulation data generated using PSCAD/EMTDC and real-life data have been employed to verify the performance of the proposed method.
Effective fault diagnosis for power electronic converters is an essential and mandatory operation to reduce failures and unscheduled shutdowns. This paper presents a data-driven fault diagnosis ...method, using long short-term memory (LSTM) network, to detect multiple open-circuit switch faults of the back-to-back converter in doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind turbine systems. Twelve sensor signals of the back-to-back converter for different fault types are measured. Wind speed fluctuation and sensor bias faults are considered as interference factors. The method has been evaluated in a grid-connected DFIG simulink model. Simulation results have demonstrated that, compared with least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM), back-propagation artificial neural network (BPANN) and recurrent neural network (RNN), the proposed method excavates the deep information of the fault signal with the highest diagnosis accuracy and strongest robustness with short time delay. Experimental tests undertaken on a hardware-in-the-loop testing platform further validate the effectiveness of the LSTM-based network.
The purpose of this study was to examine the impact on learning, attitudes, and costs in a redesigned general education undergraduate biology course that implemented web-based virtual labs (VLs) to ...replace traditional physical labs (PLs). Over an academic year, two new modes of VL instruction were compared to the traditional PL offering: (1) all VL with an in-person help center (VL-A) and (2) a hybrid flipped VL model where online labs alternated with in-person labs every week (VL-H). All three lab types included a face-to-face lecture with the same materials. Engaging inquiry-based exercises were developed for each VL activity in which students were provided background information, guided through a series of basic experiments, encouraged to design their own experiments, and required to produce a simple scientific report that was delivered for evaluation electronically. The VL-A group had the highest proportion of repeatable grades (below a C, 2.0 grade points). Students in the VL-H group achieved significantly better grades compared to the other lab instruction groups. The VL-H group also experienced statistically significant favorable shifts in their self-reported attitudes towards biology. The personnel costs for the VL-A and VL-H models were 29% and 63% of the PL model, respectively, allowing more sections to be offered. These results suggest that carefully designed online lab opportunities can result in higher student grades and more favorable attitudes towards science while reducing costs compared to traditional labs.
In heavy-fermion compounds, the dual character of f electrons underlies their rich and often exotic properties like fragile heavy quasiparticles, a variety of magnetic orders and unconventional ...superconductivity. 5f-electron actinide materials provide a rich setting to elucidate the larger and outstanding issue of the competition between magnetic order and Kondo entanglement and, more generally, the interplay among different channels of interactions in correlated electron systems. Here, by using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we present the detailed electronic structure of USb2 and observe two different kinds of nearly flat bands in the antiferromagnetic state of USb2. Polarization-dependent measurements show that these electronic states are derived from 5f orbitals with different characters; in addition, further temperature-dependent measurements reveal that one of them is driven by the Kondo correlations between the 5f electrons and conduction electrons, while the other reflects the dominant role of the magnetic order. Our results on the low-energy electronic excitations of USb2 implicate orbital selectivity as an important new ingredient for the competition between Kondo correlations and magnetic order and, by extension, in the rich landscape of quantum phases for strongly correlated f electron systems.
Caveolae are organelles abundant in the plasma membrane of many specialized cells including endothelial cells (ECs), epithelial cells, and adipocytes, and in these cells, caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is the ...major coat protein essential for the formation of caveolae. To identify proteins that require Cav-1 for stable incorporation into membrane raft domains, a quantitative proteomics analysis using isobaric tagging for relative and absolute quantification was performed on rafts isolated from wild-type and Cav-1-deficient mice. In three independent experiments, 117 proteins were consistently identified in membrane rafts with the largest differences in the levels of Cav-2 and in the caveola regulatory proteins Cavin-1 and Cavin-2. Because the lung is highly enriched in ECs, we validated and characterized the role of the newly described protein Cavin-1 in several cardiovascular tissues and in ECs. Cavin-1 was highly expressed in ECs lining blood vessels and in cultured ECs. Knockdown of Cavin-1 reduced the levels of Cav-1 and -2 and weakly influenced the formation of high molecular weight oligomers containing Cav-1 and -2. Cavin-1 silencing enhanced basal nitric oxide release from ECs but blocked proangiogenic phenotypes such as EC proliferation, migration, and morphogenesis in vitro. Thus, these data support an important role of Cavin-1 as a regulator of caveola function in ECs.
We have applied the close binary system analysis program
WinFitter
to an intensive study of Kepler-1 (= TrES-2) using all the available photometry (14 quarters; 1570640 measures) from the NASA ...Exoplanet Archive (NEA) at the Caltech website
http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu
. The mean individual data-point error of the normalized flux values is 0.00026, leading to the model’s specification for the mean reference flux of the system to an accuracy of
∼
0.5
ppm
. Completion of the analysis requires a number of prior quantities, relating mainly to the host star, that are adopted from relevant literature.
Our new results tend broadly to confirm those of previous authors, though there are a number of significant differences. Specifically, the applied photometric fitting function is more precise than those used before on the full
Kepler
data-set. The more complete discussion of the interdependent role of errors, using MCMC sampling, allows greater confidence in the obtained parameters themselves as well as understanding or their likely errors. Our photometrically derived values for the mass and radius of Kepler-1b are
1.18
±
0.05
M
Jup
and
1.21
±
0.05
R
Jup
. The mass of this Safronov Class I planet is closer to published spectroscopic values than found from previous photometric analysis, which can be attributed to the improved fitting function.
The analysis determines a definite photometric Doppler effect from the orbit, but this is not independent of the tidal (‘ellipticity’) effect, and the two are consistently combined in our fitting function. A corresponding rotation-related Rossiter effect was not detected, allowing an upper limit on the rotation speed of
∼
70
km
s
−
1
. The proportion of light coming from the known companion star is resolved, but turns out rather less than that inferred from the results of direct measurement. The fitting function also predicts a small secondary minimum (‘occultation’), when the light reflected by the planet is eclipsed. However, the occultation depth cannot be measured directly from the data to the relevant accuracy, and so models for the planet’s atmospheric properties based on this will be compromised by other assumptions and approximations in the light curve’s fitting function.
Suggestions of secular trends for the variation of parameters are considered, but the evidence of the
Kepler
data is not yet very persuasive.
Continued scaling of DRAM technologies has required a limitation of the power dissipation from the logic components on-chip, while downscaling both transistor oxide thickness and gate length. One ...route to enable further scaling, while circumventing excessive leakage currents, is the integration of high-κ metal-gate (HKMG) components into the logic and high-voltage (e. g. I/O) devices. The requirement of a gate-first flow for devices in the peripheral region introduces significant reliability challenges. Even though Negative Bias Temperature Instability (NBTI) performance of CMOS and memory thermal budget compatible transistors are aligned with conventional HKMG integration with thin oxide devices, it is not the case for thick oxide devices. In particular, it will be shown that strong NBTI lifetime degradation is observed as soon as high-κ layers are deposited on top of the thick interfacial layer. In this work, a review of the impact of these high-κ layers on the Negative Bias Temperature Instability (NBTI) of high voltage logic for memory devices is presented. The stress induced degradation is correlated to a diffusion of metal atoms from the HKMG gate stack towards the silicon surface. Directions for reliability improvements are then defined. The presence of Nitrogen throughout the HKMG stack can originate either from high-κ processing or metal-nitride gate electrode. It is shown that preventing nitrogen diffusion towards the Si/SiO 2 interface region, together with AlOx and/or F incorporation at the HKMG interface, can tune device threshold voltage and modulate access to donor trap-defect bands. The result of these effects is a vast improvement in NBTI performance. A detailed study of NBTI-degradation, supported by physical analysis, assessing the impact of various tuning components within the stack (interface layer, high-κ fluorination and/or cap, metal gate) will be presented. Potential solutions for this reliability challenge will be reported.
A hot-mix asphalt (HMA) overlay is one of the primary strategy for rehabilitating existing HMA pavements and Portland cement concrete (PCC) pavements. The current design program, FAARFIELD, does not ...address reflective cracking for asphalt-overlaid concrete pavements due to its mechanism complexity. The bending, shearing, and thermal are three crucial factors to successfully model reflective cracking. To implement this failure mode in flexible over rigid design procedure, a series of full-scale test pavements were constructed, instrumented, and tested in the condition of extreme cooling temperature at the FAA National Airport Pavement Test Facility. The purpose was to assess cooling effects on the propagation of reflection cracks for airport AC over PCC pavements. In preparation for reflective cracking phase VI test, the FAA is conducting laboratory experiment on field extracted hot mix asphalt (HMA) cores. In order to test these field HMA cores, the Texas Overlay Tester (OT) was customized to get data similar to the full-scale tests. This paper discusses finite element analysis on the full-scale testing, development of the customized Texas OT, and a laboratory testing suite using the customized Texas OT, including preliminary tests, instrumentation, experiment design, and test results. Data obtained from this research effort will be used to develop a rational testing procedure to simulate extreme cooling cycles through full-scale testing.
•Texas Overlay Tester was customized to study reflection cracks.•Three cooling rates were studied using the customized Texas Overlay Tester.•Strain, fatigue, and fracture parameters were calculated.
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