This study aimed to address the challenges encountered in traditional bulk wave delamination detection methods characterized by low detection efficiency. Additionally, the limitations of guided wave ...delamination detection methods were addressed, particularly those utilizing reflected waves, which are susceptible to edge reflections, thus complicating effective defect extraction. Leveraging the full waveform inversion algorithm, an innovative approach was established for detecting delamination defects in multi-layered structures using ultrasonic guided wave arrays. First, finite element modeling was employed to simulate guided wave data acquisition by a circular array within an aluminum–epoxy bilayer structure with embedded delamination defects. Subsequently, the full waveform inversion algorithm was applied to reconstruct both regular and irregular delamination defects. Analysis results indicated the efficacy of the proposed approach in accurately identifying delamination defects of varying shapes. Furthermore, an experimental platform for guided wave delamination defect detection was established, and experiments were conducted on a steel–cement bilayer structure containing an irregular delamination defect. The experimental results validated the exceptional imaging precision of our proposed technique for identifying delamination defects in multi-layered boards. In summary, the proposed method can accurately determine both the positions and sizes of defects with higher detection efficiency than traditional pulse-echo delamination detection methods.
Pathogenic factors driving obesity to type 2 diabetes (T2D) are not fully understood. Group 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s) are effectors of innate immunity and enriched in inflamed tissues. Here we ...show that the number of adipose ILC1s increases in obese T2D patients and correlates with glycemic parameters and with the number of ILC1s in the blood; circulating ILC1 numbers decrease as a result of metabolic improvements after bariatric surgery. In vitro co-culture experiments show that human adipose ILC1s promote adipose fibrogenesis and CD11c
macrophage activation. Reconstruction of the adipose ILC1 population in Prkdc
IL2rg
mice by adoptive transfer drives adipose fibrogenesis through activation of TGFβ1 signaling; however, transfer of Ifng
ILC1s has no effect on adipose fibrogenesis. Furthermore, inhibiting adipose accumulation of ILC1s using IL-12 neutralizing antibodies attenuates adipose tissue fibrosis and improves glycemic tolerance. Our data present insights into the mechanisms of local immune disturbances in obesity-related T2D.
Corrosion detection for industrial settings is crucial for safe and efficient operations. Due to its high imaging resolution, the guided-wave full-waveform inversion tomography technique has ...significant potential for corrosion detection of plate metals. Limited by the long wavelengths of A0 and S0 mode waves, this method exhibits inadequate detection resolution for the earlier shallow and small corrosion defects. Based on the relatively short wavelength characteristics of the SH1 mode wave, we propose a high-precision corrosion detection method via SH1 guided wave using the full waveform inversion algorithms. By conducting finite element simulations of ultrasonic-guided waves on aluminum plates with varying corrosion defects, a comparison was made to assess the detection precision across A0, S0, and SH1 modes. The comparison results showed that, whether for regular or irregular defects, the SH1 mode wave always exhibited higher imaging accuracy than the A0 and S0 mode waves for shallow and small-sized defects. The corresponding experiments were conducted on an aluminum plate with simple or complex defects. The results of the experiments reconfirmed that the full waveform inversion method using SH1 guided wave can effectively reconstruct the shape and size of small and shallow corrosion defects within aluminum plates.
Simulators that generate records of virtual sensors are necessary for verifying and testing smart-home systems. However, their users usually need to build home models and body models of residents ...manually. They also have to define resident activity schedules and movement routes manually. This study proposes a framework for building a virtual database and using it to make diverse home and body models, activity schedules, and travel patterns for multiple simulation tools. We show that this framework is feasible by making two generators and two interfaces as a demonstration. The spatial attribute generator generates indoor spatial data on studio apartments by following basic design principles and rules for designing homes for elderly individuals. The travel pattern generator generates travel patterns of elderly individuals with dementia on the basis of a realistic-path model. Two interfaces are used to convert the generated spatial data into the home models of a simulator and convert travel patterns into the records of virtual sensors.
•Demo of a framework which simulates smart homes in multiplatform with a database.•Indoor spaces generation based on principles and rules for designing homes for elderly people.•Generation of travel patterns for elderly residents suffering from dementia.•Interfaces which convert generated data to models of simulator and records of virtual sensors.
Breast cancer (BC) is a multifaceted disease characterized by distinct molecular subtypes and varying responses to treatment. In BC, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway has emerged as a ...crucial contributor to the development, advancement, and resistance to treatment. This review article explores the implications of the PI3K pathway in predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine for BC. It emphasizes the identification of predictive biomarkers, such as PIK3CA mutations, and the utility of molecular profiling in guiding treatment decisions. The review also discusses the potential of targeting the PI3K pathway for preventive strategies and the customization of therapy based on tumor stage, molecular subtypes, and genetic alterations. Overcoming resistance to PI3K inhibitors and exploring combination therapies are addressed as important considerations. While this field holds promise in improving patient outcomes, further research and clinical trials are needed to validate these approaches and translate them into clinical practice.
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive malignancy, and the seventh leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. An improved understanding of tumor biology and novel ...therapeutic discoveries are needed to improve overall survival. Recent multi-gene analysis approaches such as next-generation sequencing have provided useful information on the molecular characterization of pancreatic tumors. Different types of pancreatic cancer and precursor lesions are characterized by specific molecular alterations. Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) of PDAC are useful to understand the roles of altered genes. Most GEMMs are driven by oncogenic Kras, and can recapitulate the histological and molecular hallmarks of human PDAC and comparable precursor lesions. Advanced GEMMs permit the temporally and spatially controlled manipulation of multiple target genes using a dual-recombinase system or CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. GEMMs that express fluorescent proteins allow cell lineage tracing to follow tumor growth and metastasis to understand the contribution of different cell types in cancer progression. GEMMs are widely used for therapeutic optimization. In this review, we summarize the main molecular alterations found in pancreatic neoplasms, developed GEMMs, and the contribution of GEMMs to the current understanding of PDAC pathobiology. Furthermore, we attempted to modify the categorization of altered driver genes according to the most updated findings.
External-soil spray seeding (ESSS) is a method often used for the ecological restoration of bare rock slopes. However, the direct use of ESSS is normally less satisfactory due to the erosion of ...sprayed soil and low survival rate of the plants on rock slopes. This study proposes a novel approach to addressing this issue through the combined use of ESSS with polyvinyl acetate (PVA) based soil stabilization. The PVA solutions are added to the soil to stabilize soil and improve soil strength while possessing high water and nutrient retention favorable for plant growth. A series of experimental tests on the mechanical properties, water stability, erosion resistance, water retention, and plant growth of the PVA-stabilized soil were conducted to assess the efficacy of the proposed method. The results showed that the proposed method could be promising for rock slope ecological restoration. A proper curing time (e.g., >3 days) was required to achieve beneficial effects of PVA on the soil properties. A shorter curing time would otherwise result in the decrease in the strength with the increased PVA content. It was found that the optimum PVA content was 3% for achieving the maximum water stability, erosion resistance, water retention, and plant growth. The cohesion increased by up to 50% and the internal friction angle increased by 3.5° compared to the natural soil. The disintegration rate of the stabilized soil was generally < 3e-3%/min. The maximum reduction in erosion was up to 83% when the PVA content ≥3%. The mechanisms behind the findings are also discussed.
•The combined use of ESSSwith polyvinyl acetate was proposed to be applied in the rock slope ecological restoration.•The mechanical properties, the water stability, the erosion resistance, water retention, and plant growth were investigated.•The PVA can improve soil strength while possessing high water and nutrient retention favorable for plant growth.•The proposed method could be promising for the rock slope ecological restoration.
Abstract The regulation of topological structure of covalent adaptable networks (CANs) remains a challenge for epoxy CANs. Here, we report a strategy to develop strong and tough epoxy supramolecular ...thermosets with rapid reprocessability and room-temperature closed-loop recyclability. These thermosets were constructed from vanillin-based hyperbranched epoxy resin (VanEHBP) through the introduction of intermolecular hydrogen bonds and dual dynamic covalent bonds, as well as the formation of intramolecular and intermolecular cavities. The supramolecular structures confer remarkable energy dissipation capability of thermosets, leading to high toughness and strength. Due to the dynamic imine exchange and reversible noncovalent crosslinks, the thermosets can be rapidly and effectively reprocessed at 120 °C within 30 s. Importantly, the thermosets can be efficiently depolymerized at room temperature, and the recovered materials retain the structural integrity and mechanical properties of the original samples. This strategy may be employed to design tough, closed-loop recyclable epoxy thermosets for practical applications.
This study was conducted to analyze volatile odor compounds and key odor-active compounds in the fish soup using fish scarp and bone. Five extraction methods, including solid-phase microextraction ...(SPME), dynamic headspace sampling (DHS), solvent-assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE), stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), were compared and SPME was finally selected as the best extraction method for further study. The volatile odor compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry (GC-O-MS) and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry (GC × GC-O-MS) techniques, and the key odor-active compounds were identified via aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) and relative odor activity value (r-OAV) calculation. A total of 38 volatile compounds were identified by GC-O-MS, among which 10 were declared as odor-active compounds. Whereas 39 volatile compounds were identified by GC × GC-O-MS, among which 12 were declared as odor-active compounds. The study results revealed that 1-octen-3-one, 2-pentylfuran, (E)-2-octenal, 1-octen-3-one, hexanal, 1-octen-3-ol, 6-methylhept-5-en-2-one, (E,Z)-2,6-nondienal and 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine were the key odor-active compounds in the fish soup.
Abstract
Background
In recent years, the physical fitness situation of college students is worrying in China. Exercise motivation is of great importance for the physical activity and physical ...fitness. However, existing studies have paid limited attention to the specific effect between exercise motivation, physical activity and physical fitness, and even less to the different genders and exercise motivation dimensions. This study aimed to investigate the promoting effect of sport motivation on physical fitness with different gender and dimension in college students.
Methods
Physical fitness levels of 2544 college students in Wuhan and Jingzhou city were measured. Exercise motivation and physical activity was assessed using the Chinese version of the motives for physical activities measure-revised scale and the physical activity survey scale, respectively. Correlation analysis and structural equation model were used to explore the relationship between exercise motivation, physical activity and physical fitness. Bootstrap method was used to test the mediating effect. Multilevel regression analysis was used to examine the effects of different dimensions of exercise motivation on PF.
Results
The exercise motivation of college students was directly related to physical fitness (effect value: 0.307) or indirectly related through the mediating effect of physical activity (effect value: 0.092). The mediation effect percentage of physical activity on exercise motivation and physical fitness in male (51.20%) was greater than female (27.18%), and the standardized regression coefficient of the health dimension to PF was β = 0.151,
P
< 0.001, and the competence dimension to PF was β = 0.189,
P
< 0.001.
Conclusions
The exercise motivation of college students can directly influence PF or indirectly influence PF through the mediating effect of PA. The promoting effect of exercise motivation and PA on PF in college students is related to gender and dimensions of exercise motivation. Therefore, we can improve physical fitness levels of college students by promoting their exercise motivation (especially for health motivation and competence motivation) and increasing their participation in physical activity. This study provides new strategies for improving physical fitness in college students.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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