Triggered by the endogenous chemical energy in the tumor microenvironment (TME), chemodynamic therapy (CDT) as an emerging non‐exogenous stimulant therapeutic modality has received increasing ...attention in recent years. The chemodynamic agents can convert internal hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into the lethal reactive oxygen species (ROS) hydroxyl radicals (•OH) for oncotherapy. Compared with other therapeutic modalities, CDT possesses many notable advantages, such as tumor‐specific, highly selective, fewer systemic side effects, and no need for external stimulation. Nevertheless, mild acid pH, low H2O2 content, and overexpressed reducing substance in TME severely suppressed the CDT efficiency. With the rapid development of nanotechnology, some kinds of nanomaterials have been utilized with improved CDT efficiency. In particular, the excellent photo‐, ultrasound‐, magnetic‐, and other stimuli‐response properties of nanomaterials make it possible for combination cancer therapy of CDT with other therapeutic modalities, and it has shown superior anti‐cancer activity than monotherapies. Therefore, it is necessary to summarize the application of nanomaterial‐based chemodynamic cancer therapy. In this review, the various nanomaterials‐based nanoplatforms for CDT and its combinational therapies are summarized and discussed, aiming to provide inspiration for the design of better‐quality agents to promote the CDT development and lay the foundation for its future conversion to clinical applications.
Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is an emerging non‐exogenous stimulant therapeutic modality and has drawn increasing attention in recent years. In particular, varieties of nanomaterials have been utilized in CDT with encouraging therapeutic efficiency. The latest progress on CDT‐involved combined therapy is overviewed, aiming to provide inspiration for the design of better‐quality agents and hoping to promote CDT future clinical conversion.
The environmental pollution has become a serious issue because the pollutants can cause permanent damage to the DNA, nervous system, and circulating system, resulting in various incurable diseases, ...such as organ failure, malformation, angiocardiopathy, and cancer. The effective detection of environmental pollutants is urgently needed to keep them far away from daily life. Among the reported pollutant sensors, luminescent metal–organic frameworks (LMOFs) with tunable structures have attracted remarkable attention to detect the pollutants because of their excellent selectivity, sensitivity, and recyclability. Although lots of metal–organic framework (MOF)‐based luminescent sensors have been summarized and discussed in previous reviews, the detection of environmental pollutants, especially radioactive ions and heavy metal ions, still have not been systematically presented. Here, the sensing mechanisms and construction principles of luminescent MOFs are discussed, and the state‐of‐the‐art MOF‐based luminescent sensors of environmental pollutants, including pesticides, antibiotics, explosives, VOCs, toxic gas, toxic small molecules, radioactive ions, and heavy metal ions are highlighted. This comprehensive review may further guide the development of luminescent MOFs and promote their practical applications for sensing environmental pollutants.
Luminescent MOFs have attracted remarkable attention to detect environmental pollutants because of their excellent selectivity, sensitivity, and recyclability. In this review, the sensing mechanisms and construction principles of luminescent MOFs are discussed, and the state‐of‐the‐art luminescent MOF‐based sensors of environmental pollutants, including pesticides, antibiotics, explosives, VOCs, toxic gas, toxic small molecules, radioactive ions, and heavy metal ions are highlighted.
Ferroptosis is a necrotic form of regulated cell death that was associated with lipid peroxidation and free iron‐mediated Fenton reactions. It has been reported that iron deficiency had been ...implicated in the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) by activating apoptosis. However, the role of ferroptosis in the process of IVDD has not been illuminated. Here, we demonstrate the involvement of ferroptosis in IVDD pathogenesis. Our in vitro models show the changes in protein levels of ferroptosis marker and enhanced lipid peroxidation level during oxidative stress. Safranin O staining, hematoxylin‐eosin staining, and immunohistochemical were used to assess the IVDD after 8 weeks of surgical procedure in vivo. Treatment with ferrostatin‐1, deferoxamine, and RSL3 demonstrate the role of ferroptosis in tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP)‐treated annulus fibrosus cells (AFCs) and nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs). Ferritinophagy, nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4)‐mediated ferritin selective autophagy, is originated during the process of ferroptosis in response to TBHP treatment. Knockdown and overexpression NCOA4 further prove TBHP may induce ferroptosis of AFCs and NPCs in an autophagy‐dependent way. These findings support a role for oxidative stress‐induced ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of IVDD.
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Ferroptosis is a necrotic form of regulated cell death that was associated with lipid peroxidation and free iron‐mediated Fenton reactions. It has been reported that iron deficiency had been implicated in the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) by activating apoptosis. However, the role of ferroptosis in the process of IVDD has not been illuminated. Here, we demonstrate the involvement of ferroptosis in IVDD pathogenesis.
Bioinspired smart asymmetric nanochannel membranes (BSANM) have been explored extensively to achieve the delicate ionic transport functions comparable to those of living organisms. The abiotic system ...exhibits superior stability and robustness, allowing for promising applications in many fields. In view of the abundance of research concerning BSANM in the past decade, herein, we present a systematic overview of the development of the state-of-the-art BSANM system. The discussion is focused on the construction methodologies based on raw materials with diverse dimensions (
i.e.
0D, 1D, 2D, and bulk). A generic strategy for the design and construction of the BSANM system is proposed first and put into context with recent developments from homogeneous to heterogeneous nanochannel membranes. Then, the basic properties of the BSANM are introduced including selectivity, gating, and rectification, which are associated with the particular chemical and physical structures. Moreover, we summarized the practical applications of BSANM in energy conversion, biochemical sensing and other areas. In the end, some personal opinions on the future development of the BSANM are briefly illustrated. This review covers most of the related literature reported since 2010 and is intended to build up a broad and deep knowledge base that can provide a solid information source for the scientific community.
This review provides a systematic overview of the design and construction of bioinspired smart asymmetric nanochannel membrane systems.
A material with superhydrophobic and anti‐ice/de‐icing properties, which has a micro‐/nanostructured surface, is produced by a straightforward method. This material comprises a poly(dimethylsiloxane) ...(PDMS) microstructure with ZnO nanohairs and shows excellent water and ice repellency even at low temperatures (−20 °C) and relatively high humidity (90%) for over three months. These results are expected to be helpful for designing smart, non‐wetting materials that can be adapted to low‐temperature environments for the development of anti‐icing systems.
Engineered wettability is a traditional, yet key issue in surface science and attracts tremendous interest in solving large‐scale practical problems. Recently, different super‐wettability systems ...have been discovered in both nature and experiments. In this Review we present three types of super‐wettability, including the three‐dimensional, two‐dimensional, and one‐dimensional material surfaces. By combining different super‐wettabilities, novel interfacial functional systems could be generated and integrated into devices for use in tackling current and the future problems including resources, energy, environment, and health.
Wet, wet, wet: Surfaces with super‐wettability, including three‐dimensional, two‐dimensional, and one‐dimensional materials surfaces can be prepared. By combining different super‐wettability properties, novel functional solid/liquid interfacial systems can be generated and integrated into devices for tackling many different problems.
With the advance of chemistry, materials science, and nanotechnology, significant progress has been achieved in the design and application of synthetic nanofluidic devices and materials, mimicking ...the gating, rectifying, and adaptive functions of biological ion channels. Fundamental physics and chemistry behind these novel transport phenomena on the nanoscale have been explored in depth on single-pore platforms. However, toward real-world applications, one major challenge is to extrapolate these single-pore devices into macroscopic materials. Recently, inspired partially by the layered microstructure of nacre, the material design and large-scale integration of artificial nanofluidic devices have stepped into a completely new stage, termed 2D nanofluidics. Unique advantages of the 2D layered materials have been found, such as facile and scalable fabrication, high flux, efficient chemical modification, tunable channel size,
etc.
These features enable wide applications in, for example, biomimetic ion transport manipulation, molecular sieving, water treatment, and nanofluidic energy conversion and storage. This review highlights the recent progress, current challenges, and future perspectives in this emerging research field of "2D nanofluidics", with emphasis on the thought of bio-inspiration.
This review highlights the recent progress, current challenges, and future perspectives in the design and application of 2D layered materials for nanofluidic research, with emphasis on the thought of bio-inspiration.
Engineering the wettability of solid materials is a traditional, yet key issue in surface science and attracts tremendous interest by researchers in diverse fields. Recently, different superwetting ...phenomena have been discovered in both nature and experimental results. Therefore, in this review, various superwetting states, leading to a “superwettability” system, are summarized and predicted. Fundamental rules for understanding superwettability are discussed, mainly taking superhydrophobicity in air as an example. Then, some recent application progress of individual members of this “superwettability” system are introduced. Notably, several novel application fields, mainly gas, water, oil and/or other liquid environments, are presented in the following section. By combining different members of this “superwettability” system, new interfacial functions can be generated, allowing unexpected applications, such as in environmental protection, energy, green industry, and many other important domains. Finally, the future development of this interesting “superwettability” system is discussed.
A number of superwetting states are summarized to build a “superwettability” system. The combination of two or more members of the superwettability system leads to unexpected yet fantastic applications, such as in environmental protection, energy, green industry, and many other important domains.
In this review a strategy for the design of bioinspired, smart, multiscale interfacial (BSMI) materials is presented and put into context with recent progress in the field of BSMI materials spanning ...natural to artificial to reversibly stimuli‐sensitive interfaces. BSMI materials that respond to single/dual/multiple external stimuli, e.g., light, pH, electrical fields, and so on, can switch reversibly between two entirely opposite properties. This article utilizes hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity as an example to demonstrate the feasibility of the design strategy, which may also be extended to other properties, for example, conductor/insulator, p‐type/n‐type semiconductor, or ferromagnetism/anti‐ferromagnetism, for the design of other BSMI materials in the future.
Multiscale structure in biology results in many different types of interesting phenomena as observed in nature including: a) self‐cleaning, b) mechanical properties, c) structural color, and d) optical properties, whereby micro‐ and nanometer‐scale structure are closely related to macroscale properties.
Wettability in nanochannels is of great importance for understanding many challenging problems in interface chemistry and fluid mechanics, and presents versatile applications including mass ...transport, catalysis, chemical reaction, nanofabrication, batteries, and separation. Recently, both molecular dynamic simulations and experimental measurements have been employed to study wettability in nanochannels. Here, wettability in three types of nanochannels comprising 1D nanochannels, 2D nanochannels, and 3D nanochannels is summarized both theoretically and experimentally. The proposed concept of “quantum‐confined superfluid” for ultrafast mass transport in nanochannels is first introduced, and the mostly studied 1D nanochannels are reviewed from molecular simulation to water wettability, followed by reversible switching of water wettability via external stimuli (temperature and voltage). Liquid transport and two confinement strategies in nanochannels of melt wetting and liquid wetting are also included. Then, molecular simulation, water wettability, liquid transport, and confinement in nanochannels are introduced for 2D nanochannels and 3D nanochannels, respectively. Based on the wettability in nanochannels, broad applications of various nanochannels are presented. Finally, the perspective for future challenges in the wettability and applications of nanochannels is discussed.
Recent progress regarding wettability in nanochannels is summarized in different dimensions, comprising 1D nanochannels, 2D nanochannels, and 3D nanochannels, spanning from molecular dynamics simulation and water wettability to liquid transport and confinement strategy. Based on the wettability in nanochannels, broad applications of nanochannels including mass transport, catalysis, chemical reaction, nanofabrication, batteries, and separation are presented.
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