Exploring signal amplification strategies to enhance the sensitivity of lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) is of great significance for point‐of‐care (POC) testing of low‐concentrated targets in the ...field of in vitro diagnostics. Here, a highly‐sensitive LFIA platform using compact and hierarchical magneto–fluorescent assemblies as both target‐enrichment substrates and optical sensing labels is demonstrated. The large‐pored dendritic templates are utilized for high‐density incorporation of both superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IOs) and quantum dots (QDs) within the vertical channels. The hierarchical structure is built via affinity‐driven assembly of IOs and QDs from organic phase with silica surface and mercapto‐organosilica intermediate layer, respectively. The sequential assembly with central–radial channels enables 3D loading of dual components and separately controlling of discrete functionalities. After the alkyl‐organosilica encapsulation and silica sealing, the composite spheres exhibit high stabilities and compatibility with LFIA for procalcitonin (PCT) detection. With the assistance of liquid‐phase antigen‐capturing, magnetic enrichment, and fluorescence‐signal amplification, a limit of detection of 0.031 ng mL−1 for PCT is achieved with a linear range from 0.012 to 10 ng mL−1. The current LFIA is robust and validated for PCT detection in real serum, which holds great diagnostic significance for precise guidance of antibiotic therapy with POC manner.
The controlled co‐incorporation of bi‐components within central–radial channels is achieved via template‐based hierarchical assembly strategy. The compact loading of both nano‐units in 3D template space ensures a strong superparamagnetic response and high fluorescent brightness of single colloid. A highly sensitive point‐of‐care immunoassay of procalcitonin is established by integrating magnetic antigen‐enrichment and fluorescent signal enhancement using the magneto–fluorescent dual‐functional labels.
Oximes and hydroxylamines are a very important class of skeletons that not only widely exist in natural products and drug molecules, but also a class of synthon, which have been widely used in ...industrial production. Due to weak N-O σ bonds of oximes and hydroxylamines, they can be easily transformed into other functional groups by N-O bond cleavage. Therefore, the synthesis of N-heterocycle by using oximes and hydroxylamines as nitrogen sources has attracted wide attention. Recent advances for the synthesis of N-heterocycle through transition-metal-catalyzed and radical-mediated cyclization classified by the type of nitrogen sources and rings are summarized. In this paper, the recent advances in the N-O bond cleavage of oximes and hydroxylamines are reviewed. We hope that this review provides a new perspective on this field, and also provides a reference to develop environmentally friendly and sustainable methods.
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) constitute a large population of glioblastoma and facilitate tumor growth and invasion of tumor cells, but the underlying mechanism remains undefined. In this ...study, we demonstrate that chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 8 (CCL8) is highly expressed by TAMs and contributes to pseudopodia formation by GBM cells. The presence of CCL8 in the glioma microenvironment promotes progression of tumor cells. Moreover, CCL8 induces invasion and stem-like traits of GBM cells, and CCR1 and CCR5 are the main receptors that mediate CCL8-induced biological behavior. Finally, CCL8 dramatically activates ERK1/2 phosphorylation in GBM cells, and blocking TAM-secreted CCL8 by neutralized antibody significantly decreases invasion of glioma cells. Taken together, our data reveal that CCL8 is a TAM-associated factor to mediate invasion and stemness of GBM, and targeting CCL8 may provide an insight strategy for GBM treatment.
Carbon nanotube enhanced thin-film nanocomposite membranes were prepared by incorporating carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into the active layers of membranes used for water treatment. For inclusion into ...these active layers, a grafting procedure for carbon nanotubes was set up to increase their hydrophobicity. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) grafted by poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were synthesized via a microemulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) in the presence of acid-modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes (c-MWNTs). Subsequently, polyamide thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes containing PMMA–MWNTs were prepared via interfacial polymerization. Morphology studies demonstrate that MWNTs have been successfully embedded into the active polyamide layer. The rejection of Na2SO4 was high (99%), and the water flux was about 62% increased compared to the thin-film composite membrane when using 2g/L piperazine (PIP) in the aqueous phase, 4g/L trimesoyl chloride (TMC) and 0.67g/L PMMA–MWNTs in the organic phase, which demonstrates that PMMA–MWNTs significantly improve selectivity and permeability.
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•Incorporating hydrophobic enhanced PMMA–MWNTs into polyamide membrane.•Enhanced performance were exhibited compared to the membranes without PMMA–MWNTs.•A novel surface morphologies of TFN membranes were observed.
Anthropogenic climate warming is expected to accelerate the hydrological cycle with significant consequences for hydrological droughts. However, a systematic understanding of climate warming impacts ...on the global hydrological droughts and their driving mechanisms is still lacking. Here, we integrate bias‐corrected climate experiments, multiple hydrological models (HYs), and a multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a machine learning modeling framework, to examine the evolving frequency and multivariate characteristics of hydrological droughts and their mechanisms under climate warming for 6,688 catchments in the five principal Köppen‐Geiger climate zones. Results show that the total frequency of hydrological droughts is likely to stay unchanged while extreme hydrological droughts (e.g., events with a 30 yr joint return period, JRP) are projected to occur more frequently across the 21st century. The historical 30 yr JRP events assessed during the historical baseline period of 1985–2014 could become twice as frequent over ∼60% of global catchments by 2071–2100 under the middle and high emission scenarios (ESs). Climate uncertainty (i.e., from global climate models and ESs) is the major source of uncertainty over temperate and tropical catchments, versus HY uncertainty in arid catchments with locally complex runoff regimes. Our machine learning framework indicates that precipitation stress controls the development of historical droughts over ∼87% of global catchments. However, with climate warming, air temperature variations are expected to become the new primary driver of droughts in high‐latitude cold catchments. This study highlights an increasing risk of global extreme hydrological droughts with warming and suggests that rising temperatures in high latitudes may lead to more extreme hydrological droughts.
Key Points
Impacts of climate change on hydrological droughts are assessed in 6,688 catchments worldwide
Total frequency of droughts is projected to stay unchanged while the frequency of extreme episodes may increase significantly with warming
Air temperature variation, rather than precipitation, is the main factor driving future drought development in high‐latitude catchments
Oxidative stress is a major cause of adverse outcomes in preeclampsia (PE). Ferroptosis, i.e. programmed cell death from iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, likely mediates PE pathogenesis. We ...evaluated specific markers for ferroptosis in normal and PE placental tissues, using in vitro (trophoblasts) and in vivo (rat) models. Increase in malondialdehyde content and total Fe2+ along with reduced the glutathione content and glutathione peroxidase activity was observed in PE placenta. While the trophoblasts experienced death under hypoxia, inhibitors of ferroptosis, apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis increased the cell viability. Microarrays, bioinformatic analysis, and luciferase reporter assay revealed that upregulation of miR-30b-5p in PE models plays a pivotal role in ferroptosis, by downregulating Cys2/glutamate antiporter and PAX3 and decreasing ferroportin 1 (an iron exporter) expression, resulting in decreased GSH and increased labile Fe2+. Inhibition of miR-30b-5p expression and supplementation with ferroptosis inhibitors attenuated the PE symptoms in rat models, making miR-30b-5p a potential therapeutic target for PE.
Two new Schiff‐base bismuth (III) complexes were prepared by an equivalent reaction between Schiff‐base ligand and Bi (NO3)3•5H2O with the assistance of Mannitol. The chemical structures of the two ...complexes were characterized by spectroscopic studies (FT‐IR, NMR, and MS), elemental analysis, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The ligand‐to‐metal ion ratio was found to be 1:1 in the complexes. During the formation of the complexes, Schiff bases changed from the amidic forms to the iminol forms, and the resulting tautomers could coordinate with bismuth (III) ions to produce dinuclear BiIII complexes(1a and 2a). Structural analyses showed that each Bi (III) ion held a distorted capped octahedron geometry with a seven‐coordinate mode in two complexes. Screening in vitro biological activities revealed that two bismuth (III) complexes exhibited much higher antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity than their parent ligands. The cytotoxic activity of the complex(1a) was close to that of the known anticancer drug (Doxorubicin) by evaluating against SGC7901 cells, with the IC50 value 0.59 μM. The complex(1a) could effectively induce SGC7901 cell apoptosis and its oral acute toxicity for LD50 value was found to be 576 mg kg−1. The content of bismuth (III) in mitochondria was higher than that in the nucleus.
Two Schiff‐based bismuth(III) complexes have been synthesized and characterized. During the formation of two complexes, Schiff bases could change from the amidic forms to the iminol forms. Two complexes possess much higher antibacterial and antitumor activities than their parent ligands. The complex(1a) could effectively induce gastric cancer SGC7901 cell apoptosis.
Abstract
Emerging evidence demonstrates that the dysregulated metabolic enzymes can accelerate tumorigenesis and progression via both metabolic and nonmetabolic functions. Further elucidation of the ...role of metabolic enzymes in EGFR inhibitor resistance and metastasis, two of the leading causes of death in lung adenocarcinoma, could help improve patient outcomes. Here, we found that aberrant upregulation of phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 (PSAT1) confers erlotinib resistance and tumor metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma. Depletion of PSAT1 restored sensitivity to erlotinib and synergistically augmented the tumoricidal effect. Mechanistically, inhibition of PSAT1 activated the ROS-dependent JNK/c-Jun pathway to induce cell apoptosis. In addition, PSAT1 interacted with IQGAP1, subsequently activating STAT3-mediated cell migration independent of its metabolic activity. Clinical analyses showed that PSAT1 expression positively correlated with the progression of human lung adenocarcinoma. Collectively, these findings reveal the multifunctionality of PSAT1 in promoting tumor malignancy through its metabolic and nonmetabolic activities.
Significance:
Metabolic and nonmetabolic functions of PSAT1 confer EGFR inhibitor resistance and promote metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma, suggesting therapeutic targeting of PSAT1 may attenuate the malignant features of lung cancer.
Ultrafiltration (UF) has become an accepted process for drinking water treatment, but membrane fouling remains a significant problem. Polyethersulfone (PES)/SiO₂ composite membranes were prepared by ...phase inversion method with nano-SiO₂ as additive. Water contact angle measurement was conducted to investigate the hydrophilicity and surface wettability of the membranes. The effect of SiO₂ nanoparticles on the membrane permeation properties, anti-fouling performances, and membrane morphologies and structures was examined and discussed. The influence of SiO₂ on the water permeability, anti-fouling of the PES membranes were evaluated by raw water UF experiments. The results showed that the membrane structure was not obviously affected by addition of SiO₂, and the membrane performances such as hydrophilicity and anti-fouling ability were enhanced by adding SiO₂ nanoparticles.
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