Li3V2(PO4)3 has been regarded as an advanced cathode for energy storage because of its various advantages. Nevertheless, the pristine Li3V2(PO4)3 suffers from a low electrical conductivity which ...prevents its practical application. In this research, we demonstrate a simple hydrothermal method to synthesize the P-doped graphene-decorated Li3V2(PO4)3 to enhance the poor electrical conductivity for the first time. Due to the ultrafine Li3V2(PO4)3 crystals and the conducting P-doped graphene networks, the as-fabricated composite shows outstanding lithium storage performances for energy storage. It exhibits the high reversible capacities of 188.6 and 149.6 mAh g−1 at 0.2 and 10 °C between 3.0 and 4.8 V, as well as the stable cycling property with a high capacity retention of 96.9% after 100 cycles at 2 °C. As a result, this facile approach described here can be used to fabricate other electrodes for electrochemical energy storage.
•P-doped graphene-decorated Li3V2(PO4)3 composite is firstly prepared.•The P-doped graphene sheets greatly enhance the electronic conductivity of Li3V2(PO4)3.•The as-fabricated electrode shows outstanding lithium storage properties for energy storage.
•NDVI responses to climate and human interventions are different above and below 3400 m.•Quantified the contributions of NDVI change in each land use to the mean NDVI change.•Averaging NDVI trends ...for land use classes should consider elevation effect.
Understanding the spatiotemporal patterns of vegetative cover in relation to climate and land uses is essential for effective management of ecology and the environment. In this study, spatial and temporal changes of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and potential influencing factors were analyzed in different elevations and land uses across southwest China. Results showed: (1) there was a critical elevation of 3400 m, with different NDVI responses to climate and human interventions above and below 3400 m. Below 3400 m, mean NDVI in each land use area and the whole region did not change with elevation due to compensative effects of decreasing cultivated land and increasing woodland and grassland towards high elevations. Above 3400 m, cultivation effectively ceases. NDVI decreased with elevation as alpine plant species shifted from woody trees to alpine grass, primarily related to declining temperature towards high altitudes. (2) NDVI responses to climate change and human activities are also different above and below 3400 m. NDVI below 3400 m increased significantly after 1980s, primarily as a result of reforestation on hillslopes and improved agricultural productivity. Above 3400 m, under climate warming since the 1980s, NDVI did not increase significantly in 1990s and even decreased in 2000s as the consecutive rise of temperature is higher towards higher altitudes in the 2000s. (3) The area-weighted NDVIs illustrated that from 1980s to 2000s, the increased mean NDVI in the whole region arose from contributions of 20.93, 60.66 and 18.41% changes in NDVIs in cultivated land, woodland and grassland, respectively. In 2000s, the proportion of the woody trees contribution to NDVI increased due to reforestation in the low elevation area (<3400 m), but decreased due to shift of the woody trees to alpine grass under the consecutive climate warming in the high elevation area (>3400 m). The decease of NDVI in the high elevations did not alter increasing trend of NDVI across the whole region during 1982–2015. However, in future, the greening could diminish or even cease as climate warming continues and effects of artificially managed ecological restoration reduce.
All external sensory stimuli produce a spatiotemporal pattern of action potentials, which is transmitted to the biological neural system to be processed. The relative timing of synaptic spikes from ...different presynaptic neurons represents the features of the stimuli. A fundamental prerequisite in cortical information processing is the discrimination of different spatiotemporal input sequences. Here, capacitively coupled multiterminal oxide‐based neuro‐transistors are proposed for spatiotemporal information processing, mimicking the dendritic discriminability of different spatiotemporal input sequences. The experimental results demonstrate that such multiterminal neuromorphic devices can act as spatiotemporal information processing compartments for fundamental cortical computation. Also, as an example of spatiotemporal information processing, sound location functionality of the human brain is also emulated by constructing a simple artificial neural network based on such oxide‐based multiterminal neuro‐transistors.
Spatiotemporal information processing is demonstrated based on capacitively coupled multiterminal neuro‐transistor networks. The dendritic discrimination of different spatiotemporal input patterns is emulated, indicating that it can act as a spatiotemporal information processing compartment for fundamental cortical computation. In addition, sound azimuth detection is achieved based on a simple neural network.
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is distributed widely in living organisms and is an important biomarker closely related to many physiological and pathological processes. However, in vivo real-time ...detection of ALP remains a significant challenge. Herein, we developed a turn-on molecular probe (denoted as LET-3) to visualize ALP activity in tumor tissues through near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) and photoacoustic (PA) dual-modal imaging. LET-3, composed of NIR hemicyanine dye (LET-CyOH) and a phosphate moiety, showed a 23-fold NIRF enhancement at 730 nm and 27-fold PA enhancement at 710 nm upon activation by ALP. More importantly, both in vitro and in vivo diagnostic experiments indicated that LET-3 has a high sensitivity and good selectivity for ALP. These findings provide a promising strategy for in vivo ALP detection using NIRF and PA dual-channel turn-on probes.
Amide proton transfer‐weighted (APTw) imaging is a molecular MRI technique that generates image contrast based predominantly on the amide protons in mobile cellular proteins and peptides that are ...endogenous in tissue. This technique, the most studied type of chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging, has been used successfully for imaging of protein content and pH, the latter being possible due to the strong dependence of the amide proton exchange rate on pH. In this article we briefly review the basic principles and recent technical advances of APTw imaging, which is showing promise clinically, especially for characterizing brain tumors and distinguishing recurrent tumor from treatment effects. Early applications of this approach to stroke, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and traumatic brain injury are also illustrated. Finally, we outline the technical challenges for clinical APT‐based imaging and discuss several controversies regarding the origin of APTw imaging signals in vivo.
Level of Evidence: 3
Technical Efficacy Stage: 3
J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:347–364.
The addition of nanoparticles into water based fluids (nanofluid) with or without other chemicals to Enhance Oil Recovery (EOR) has recently received intensive interest. Many papers have been ...published in this area and several EOR mechanisms have been proposed. The main EOR mechanisms include wettability alteration, reduction in InterFacial surface Tension (IFT), increase in the viscosity of aqueous solution, decrease in oil viscosity, and log-jamming. Some of these mechanisms may be associated with the change in disjoining pressure because of the addition of the nanoparticles. The experimental data and results reported by different researchers, however, are not all consistent and some even conflict with others. Many papers published in recent years have been reviewed and the associated experimental data have been analyzed in this paper in order to clarify the mechanisms of EOR by nanofluids. Wettability alteration may be one of the most accepted mechanisms for nanofluid EOR while reduction in IFT and other mechanisms have not been fully proven. The main reason for the inconsistency among the experimental data might be lack of control experiments in which the effect of nanoparticles on oil recovery would be singled out.
Recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been proved one of the most promising anti-cancer therapy, series clinical trials have confirmed their efficacy. But they are also associated with ...distinctive set of toxic effects, which are recognized as immune-related adverse events. Among those immune-related adverse events, pneumonitis is rare, but it is often clinically serious and potentially life-threatening. Although many clinical trial results of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors had been reported incidence of pneumonitis, the knowledge based on the individual cohort data from each clinical trial is limited. So we conducted a meta-analysis of trials of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in patients with advanced cancer and compared relative risk and incidence among different tumor types and therapeutic regimens. Such an analysis may provide important knowledge of this rare but clinically significant and potentially serious immune-related adverse event.
Electronic databases were used to search eligible literatures, include randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing immune checkpoint inhibitors vs. standard therapies. All-grade (1-4) or high-grade (3-4) pneumonitis events were extracted. The summary relative risk, summary incidence, and 95% confidence intervals were calculated.
The incidence of all-grade and high-grade pneumonitis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was significantly higher compared with other tumor types, such as Melanoma, urothelial carcinoma (UC), head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) (3.1% vs. 2.0%;
= 0.02, 1.4% vs. 0.6%;
= 0.03). The risk of all-grade pneumonitis was obtained from all patients in both experimental arm and control arm. Treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting PD-1/PD-L1 did significantly increase the risk of all-grade and high-grade pneumonitis compared with controls (fixed effects, RR: 4.70; 95% CI: 2.81-7.85;
< 0.00001, RR: 3.33; 95% CI: 1.68-6.59;
= 0.0006).
The incidence of immune checkpoint inhibitors related pneumonitis was higher in NSCLC than other tumor types. Patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor in experiment arms are more likely to experience any grade pneumonitis than control arms. These findings suggest that clinician need to draw more attention on this rare but serious adverse event.
Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) have been shown to play important roles in various physiological processes, including plant growth and development, abiotic and biotic stress responses and ...plant hormone signaling in plants.
In this study, we performed a bioinformatics analysis of the entire maize genome and identified 40 CDPK genes. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that 40 ZmCPKs can be divided into four groups. Most maize CDPK genes exhibited different expression levels in different tissues and developmental stages. Twelve CDPK genes were selected to respond to various stimuli, including salt, drought and cold, as well as ABA and H2O2. Expression analyses suggested that maize CDPK genes are important components of maize development and multiple transduction pathways.
Here, we present a genome-wide analysis of the CDPK gene family in maize for the first time, and this genomic analysis of maize CDPK genes provides the first step towards a functional study of this gene family in maize.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Seawater is one of the most abundant and clean hydrogen atom resources on our planet, so hydrogen production from seawater splitting has notable advantages. Direct electrolysis of seawater would not ...be in competition with growing demands for pure water. Using green electricity generated from renewable sources (e.g., solar, tidal, and wind energies), the direct electrolytic splitting of seawater into hydrogen and oxygen is a potentially attractive technology under the framework of carbon-neutral energy production. High selectivity and efficiency, as well as stable electrocatalysts, are prerequisites to facilitate the practical applications of seawater splitting. Even though the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is thermodynamically favorable, the most desirable reaction process, the four-electron reaction, exhibits a high energy barrier. Furthermore, due to the presence of a high concentration of chloride ions (Cl−) in seawater, chlorine evolution reactions involving two electrons are more competitive. Therefore, intensive research efforts have been devoted to optimizing the design and construction of highly efficient and anticorrosive OER electrocatalysts. Based on this, in this review, we summarize the progress of recent research in advanced electrocatalysts for seawater splitting, with an emphasis on their remarkable OER selectivity and distinguished anti-chlorine corrosion performance, including the recent progress in seawater OER electrocatalysts with their corresponding optimized strategies. The future perspectives for the development of seawater-splitting electrocatalysts are also demonstrated.
participates in the regulation of cell apoptosis and proliferation by regulating the binding of centromere and spindle microtubules to achieve the correct separation of chromosomes. Previous reports ...have suggested that
may play a role in various human cancers. However, the mechanism and function of
in the development of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains uncertain. This study investigated the prognostic potential of
and its relation with immune cell infiltration in HCC.
expression in tumor cells was examined using the TIMER and Oncomine databases, and its prognostic potential was assessed
the Kaplan-Meier plotter and GEPIA databases. The relationships between
and tumor immune infiltration were analyzed using TIMER. The relationships between
and biomarkers of tumor immune infiltration were analyzed using TIMER and GEPIA. Here we revealed that
expression increased in tumor tissues containing HCC, and this correlated with poor relapse-free survival, disease-specific survival, progression-free survival, and overall survival in patients with HCC regardless of grades, genders, races, drinking behaviors and other clinical factors. Additionally, high expression of
was positively correlated with differential immune cell infiltration and various immune biomarkers. Our work demonstrated that
could be a potential prognostic biomarker and could be related to tumor immune cell infiltration in HCC.
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