China, as the world’s largest carbon dioxide emitter, is bound to assume the important responsibility of energy conservation and emission reduction. To this end, each city, led by representative ...municipalities, must enhance efforts in carbon emission reduction to jointly realize China’s low-carbon transition. Taking four representative municipalities, namely, Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing as the case cities, this paper establishes a decomposition analysis for the driving factors of carbon emissions by applying the LMDI method covering data from 2007 to 2017. Kaya identity is used to decompose the effects into eight driving factors: GDP effect, industrial structure effect, energy intensity effect, overall energy structure effect, population effect, urbanization effect, per capita energy consumption effect, urban and rural energy structure effect. The results show that at the municipality level, the driving factors that contribute to carbon emissions are the GDP growth effect and the population effect, with the former still being the most important factor in the municipalities with faster economic growth; and industrial structure effect is the most important factor that inhibits carbon emissions, followed by energy structure effect. This paper considers the driving factors of both the production side and the residential consumption side from the city level. The research reveals the main driving factors that effect the carbon emissions of megacities in developing countries, and highlights the leading role of megacities in terms of carbon emission reduction in China and even the world. The paper thereby puts forward policy implications for China’s economic policies.
We study optomechanically induced transparency in a spinning microresonator. We find that in the presence of rotation-induced Sagnac frequency shift, both the transmission rate and the group delay of ...the signal are strongly affected, leading to a Fano-like spectrum of transparency. In particular, tuning the rotary speed leads to the emergence of nonreciprocal optical sidebands. This indicates a promising new way to control hybrid light–sound devices with spinning resonators.
This paper examines the effect of green foreign direct investment (GFDI) on environmental quality (EQ) in 34 less-developed countries (LDCs) from 2003 to 2021. We analyze balanced panel data using ...Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) and Panel-Corrected Standard Errors (PCSE). Our findings reveal several vital insights: (1) GFDI helps improve EQ. (2) Environmental costs associated with economic growth are negative. (3) Trade openness positively influences EQ. (4) EQ is enhanced by institutional quality, energy use, and population expansion in the chosen countries. (5) The existence of a U-shaped curve was established. This is valuable to the relatively scanty literature on GFDI, especially in LDCs. To the best of our awareness, this study simultaneously employs the Load Capacity Factor (LCF) and Total Value of Announced Greenfield projects as proxies for environmental sustainability and GFDI for the first time. Secondly, incorporating PCSE and FGLS models in this context is an innovative methodological strategy. The present research work provides to the existing theoretical and empirical discussions on GFDI and EQ and has practical implications that inform policy-making.
Visualizing rapid biological dynamics like neuronal signaling and microvascular flow is crucial yet challenging due to photon noise and motion artifacts. Here we present a deep learning framework for ...enhancing the spatiotemporal relations of optical microscopy data. Our approach leverages correlations of mirrored perspectives from conjugated scan paths, training a model to suppress noise and motion blur by restoring degraded spatial features. Quantitative validation on vibrational calcium imaging validates significant gains in spatiotemporal correlation (2.2×), signal-to-noise ratio (9–12 dB), structural similarity (6.6×), and motion tolerance compared to raw data. We further apply the framework to diverse
in viv
o experiments from mouse cerebral hemodynamics to zebrafish cardiac dynamics. This approach enables the clear visualization of the rapid nutrient flow (30 mm/s) in microcirculation and the systolic and diastolic processes of heartbeat (2.7 cycle/s), as well as cellular and vascular structure in deep cortex. Unlike techniques relying on temporal correlations, learning inherent spatial priors avoids motion-induced artifacts. This self-supervised strategy flexibly enhances live microscopy under photon-limited and motion-prone regimes.
In order to analyze the effect of Epstein–Barr (EB) virus infection on the liver function of children, the age and season of children susceptible to EB virus were analyzed in this study.
In this ...study, 118 children with EB infection from Cangzhou Central Hospital were selected as the subjects, and 10 children with normal liver function were selected as the control group. Compared with normal children, the changes of blood cells, immune cells and indicators related to liver function in patients with EB virus infection were compared, and the expression of EB virus -DNA in patients’ peripheral blood was analyzed. Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the location and changes of CD4+T lymphocytes, CD8+T lymphocytes, and granzyme B cells in the liver of the patients. And changes in liver tissue were studied by in situ hybridization.
It was found that children in early childhood (1–3 years old) were the most susceptible group, and summer and autumn were the most susceptible seasons. Compared with normal children, the number of red blood cells and white blood cells in patients infected with EB virus increased, while the number of platelets decreased, but the difference was not significant. The liver function indexes of Alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TBIL), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) increased after infection. The content of CD4+T lymphocytes decreased, while that of CD8+T lymphocytes increased. The level of immune factor IgG increased significantly (P<0.01), granzyme B cells were positive compared to that of normal humans, and positive lymphocytes containing EBER appeared.
Therefore, EB virus may affect liver function by acting CD8+T lymphocytes in children.
This research investigates the influence of green financial accounting on sustainability within the mining sector across 18 emerging economies from 1995 to 2021. According to the results, a 1% rise ...in the Corruption Perceptions Index corresponds to a 0.10% and 0.20% increase in short and long-term extraction volumes. Foreign Direct Investment contributes positively to mining extraction. The study emphasizes the positive association between innovation progress, indicated by registered patents, and extraction volume, highlighting the importance of technology adoption. However, the study raises sustainability concerns due to insufficient emphasis on green innovation. Additionally, the research underscores a correlation between Gross Domestic Product growth and extraction volume, signaling the imperative for more environmentally friendly economic development. The proposed practical policies include initiatives such as green accounting education, enhanced social green literacy, improved green governance, and the establishment of green financial markets.
•1% uptick in the Corruption Perceptions Index aligns with a 0.10% rise in short-term extraction volumes.•1% rise in the Corruption Perceptions Index results in a 0.20% increase in long-term extraction volumes.•Foreign Direct Investment enhances mining extraction through technological integration.•Advancements in innovation correlate positively with extraction volume.
Phototherapy, including photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), has garnered considerable attention in recent years, owing to its precise spatiotemporal accuracy with minimal side ...effects. Recent research reveals that the combination of PDT and PTT exhibits a remarkable anti‐tumor efficacy compared to PDT or PTT alone, which has put forward the new requirements of multifunctional phototherapy agents with both high photosensitization and photothermal conversion efficiencies. Among the newly developed multifunctional agents, the ones with one or two 3‐dicycanovinylindan‐1‐one (IC) moieties as the acceptors attract much more attention, due to their long‐wavelength excitation and emission, as well as high phototherapy efficacies. Therefore, in this review, the latest advancement of multifunctional agents based on IC acceptor is summarized. Especially, we focus on the structure–property relationships of the agents, as well as their biomedical application in anti‐tumor therapy or image‐guided therapy. Our perspective on the further future development of this field is also discussed to conclude.
3‐Dicycanovinylindan‐1‐one has been recently widely used to construct multifunctional phototheranostic agent for fluorescence image‐guided simultaneous photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), due to its advantage in balancing electron‐withdrawing ability and spin‐orbit coupling. Herein, the design principle, structure–property relationship, biomedical application, as well as several challenges and opportunities of this type of phototheranostic agent are discussed in detail in this review.
ABSTRACTThe role of proinflammatory cytokines secreted by the bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM‐MSCs) in the progression of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is poorly understood. We compared ...C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL)8 expression levels in the BM‐MSCs of patients with AML and normal control subjects and detected significantly higher levels in the former. Furthermore, CXCL8 was up‐regulated in cocultures of BM‐MSCs and leukemic cell lines compared with either monoculture. CXCL8 expression was significantly higher in MSCs compared with mononuclear cells in patients with de novo AML. To elucidate the function of paracrine CXCL8 in AML, we blocked CXCL8 binding to the C‐X‐C motif chemokine receptor (CXCR)2 in the AML cells using SB225002. Inhibition of CXCL8/CXCR2 binding decreased proliferation in the AML cells by inducing cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and apoptosis via decreased AKT phosphorylation. Blocking the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by a specific inhibitor induced similar apoptosis induction and lower proliferation, suggesting that the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was also involved in CXCL8 action. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that BM‐MSCs are the main source of CXCL8 in the AML bone marrow microenvironment and promote leukemogenesis via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, indicating a novel therapeutic target.—Cheng, J., Li, Y., Liu, S., Jiang, Y., Ma, J., Wan, L., Li, Q., Pang, T. CXCL8 derived from mesenchymal stromal cells supports survival and proliferation of acute myeloid leukemia cells through the PI3K/AKT pathway. FASEB J. 33,4755–4764 (2019). www.fasebj.org
Utilizing one molecule to realize combinational photodynamic and photothermal therapy upon single-wavelength laser excitation, which relies on a multifunctional phototherapy agent, is one of the most ...cutting-edge research directions in tumor therapy owing to the high efficacy achieved over a short course of treatment. Herein, a simple strategy of “suitable isolation side chains” is proposed to collectively improve the fluorescence intensity, reactive oxygen species production, photothermal conversion efficiency, and biodegradation capacity. Both in vitro and in vivo results reveal the practical value and huge potential of the designed biodegradable conjugated polymer PTD-C16 with suitable isolation side chains in fluorescence image-guided combinational photodynamic and photothermal therapy. These improvements are achieved through manipulation of aggregated states by only side chain modification without changing any conjugated structure, providing new insight into the design of biodegradable high-performance phototherapy agents.
Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is a promising solution to programmable wireless channels. However, most existing RIS phase optimization algorithms, relying on iterative processes, suffer ...from high latency and poor scalability. To address this issue, we propose a low-complexity scheme based on deep unfolding. Specifically, we consider a downlink MISO system aided by a RIS and aim to maximize users' weighted sumrate (WSR). We employ Lagrangian dual transformation to decouple the original non-convex problem into two sub-problems: transmit beamforming optimization and phase shift design. Then, we introduce a block coordinate descent (BCD) method, which still relies on iterative updates and includes complex operations such as matrix inversion, leading to high computational complexity and latency. To achieve fast solutions, we further propose to unfold the BCD method's iterative process into layers of an interpretable neural network (NN) with a few trainable parameters. The NN is trained offline and deployed online for realtime solutions. Finally, numerical results validate the performance of the proposed scheme in terms of comparable WSR and reduced computational complexity.
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