Black point is a cereal disease caused by complex pathogens, of which the pathogenicity of Bipolaris sorokiniana is the most serious in wheat. Resistance to black point is quantitative in nature, and ...thus the mechanism is poorly understood. We conducted a comparative transcriptome analysis to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in black point-slightly susceptible and -highly susceptible wheat lines at different timepoints following B. sorokiniana inoculation. DEGs associated with photosynthesis were upregulated in black point-slightly susceptible lines. The top Gene Ontology enrichment terms for biological processes were oxidation-reduction, response to cold, salt stress, oxidative stress, and cadmium ion; terms for cellular component genes were mainly involved in plasma membrane and cytoplasmic membrane-bounded vesicle, whereas those for molecular function were heme binding and peroxidase activity. Moreover, activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase were higher in slightly susceptible lines than those in highly susceptible lines (except peroxidase 12-24 days post-inoculation). Thus, resistance to B. sorokiniana-caused black point in wheat was mainly related to counteracting oxidative stress, although the specific metabolic pathways require further study. This study presents new insights for understanding resistance mechanisms of selected wheat lines to black point.
Over the past few decades, a gradual increase in sedentary lifestyles along with the increased consumption of a modern, hypercaloric diet has resulted in a substantial increase in the number of those ...classified as overweight or obese in China. The prevalence of overweight and obesity has become a key public health issue. However, it is important to be cautious when interpreting the literature as the majority of studies apply cross-sectional data to assess and subjectively compare the relationship between physical fitness and being overweight and obese. In the present study, longitudinal data were collected from 3066 students (enrolled in 2014) at a university in China at the beginning of each academic year throughout their four-year university program. The aim of this study was to analyze the various associations between BMI, explosive power, flexibility, and cardiorespiratory endurance, and a random-intercept panel model (RIPM) was separately employed on male and female participants to identify between- and within-person variations. In this way, the associations for between-person physical fitness and normal/overweight/obese weight ranges, and for within-person physical fitness and normal/overweight/obese weight ranges could be observed. The results of this study revealed that every physical fitness test chosen for evaluation (such as the standing long jump for explosive power or the distance run for cardiorespiratory endurance) was negatively related to the BMI results, irrespective of sex, with the notable exception of the flexibility results. In addition, this study showed that both males and females exhibited positively correlated results in both between-person BMI and flexibility as well as within-person BMI and flexibility. Furthermore, the relationships between and within persons of cardiorespiratory endurance, explosive power, and flexibility all showed positive correlations across both sexes. The dynamics between physical fitness and BMI identified in this study could prove useful to practitioners and researchers investigating such relationships in the future.
Due to the recent implementation of carbon limits and certain government delays in promulgating these limits, some firms are faced with incomplete information regarding their carbon limits, which ...hinders their ability to make environmental investments based on accurate information. This study aims to investigate firms’ optimal decisions regarding carbon limit estimations and environmental investment amounts when faced with incomplete information on carbon limits. In addition, it explores the impact of such uncertain regulations on firms’ environmental investments. These issues are progressively addressed through the establishment and resolution of a two‐stage model. The research indicates that it is not always appropriate for firms to estimate carbon limits as the minimum value. While this strategy helps them better adapt to strict emission regulations, it involves substantial financial costs. The level of environmental investment is negatively influenced by estimated carbon limits, owing to the escalating marginal cost nature associated with reducing carbon emissions. However, the impact of carbon limit uncertainty on environmental investment is not constant. It can be positive, negative, or neutral depending on the firm’s trade‐off between decision robustness and profit objectives. These findings provide insights into how firms in countries that have recently implemented carbon limits and delayed the disclosure of carbon limits can make environmental investments.
Proactive low-carbon consumption behaviors (
) are crucial to achieving carbon neutrality and identifying motivations for
is indispensable to changing individual consumption patterns. This study ...establishes a model by incorporating individual-group-level factors with psychological empowerment perception. The ordinary least-squares regression model was applied to identify the influencing factors of
with data collected from 1732 urban residents in eastern China. Results show that
are positively influenced by normative internalization, learning capacity, symbol concern, expertise level, and an environmentalism culture. In particular, the effect of learning capacity is the largest, with an influence coefficient of 0.271. A negative impact is observed between the consumerism culture and
. Moreover, psychological empowerment perception partly medicated the association between individual-group-level factors and
, and the maximum ratio of mediating effect to the full impact is 62.64%. The study sheds light on low-carbon-related behavioral management, and recommendations to promote
are further proposed.
Purpose
We evaluated the role of water levels and plant-associated effects on the composition of bacterial communities and the soil organic matter (SOM) composition in wetland ecosystem.
Materials ...and methods
Soil (0–15 cm) associated with
Phragmites communis
,
Triarrhena lutarioriparia
,
Carex cinerascens
, and
Zizania latifolia
was sampled in different water levels (as proxied by sampling time) to analyze soil SOM composition via diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy in the mid-infrared range analysis and to analyze soil bacterial communities by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
Results and discussion
Soil dominant SOM composition (1623–1635 cm
−1
and 3444–2697 cm
−1
) were obviously influenced by water levels not plant species (
p
< 0.05). Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria, and Firmicutes were the most abundant phyla and exhibited significantly different distributions across the soils with
Z. latifolia
,
P. communis
,
T. lutarioriparia
, and
C. cinerascens
communities and the non-plant flat mud soil (
p
< 0.05). Redundancy analysis and variation partitioning analysis indicated that the Wc, active organic carbon, TC
stem
, Tem
soil
, and water level significantly influenced the dominant soil bacterial taxonomic composition, while the soil bacteria may influence the SOM composition.
Conclusions
These findings suggested that soil SOM composition and bacterial communities were strongly affected by plant species and water levels. This study provides an in-depth insight into how specific SOM components related to the different distributions of the specific bacterial taxonomic groups that are responsible for key ecological functions in wetland ecosystem soils.
Our team previously demonstrated that
Ganoderma lucidum
spores (GLS) and resistant starch (RS) had hypoglycemic effects separately on type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) rats. This work was to ...explore the effects of administering encapsulated GLS within RS (referred to as EGLS) in the T2DM rats, which were induced by streptozotocin (STZ). The EGLS was orally administered to rats for 28 days. The parameters of glycometabolism and lipometabolism were evaluated, and fecal microbiota composition was investigated. The results showed that EGLS significantly enhanced glycometabolism and lipometabolism parameters in T2DM rats, which might be associate with the enhancement of the glucose and lipid metabolism, insulin secretion, and glycogen synthesis and reduced lipogenesis. Furthermore, the intervention of EGLS also reduced the
Proteobacteria
community and improved dysfunctional gut microbiota. This study indicated EGLS may be a potential candidate for dietary intervention to modulate diabetes.
The Lycoris genus includes many ornamentally and medicinally important species. Polyploidization and hybridization are considered modes of speciation in this genus, implying great genetic diversity. ...However, the lack of effective molecular markers has limited the genetic analysis of this genus.
In this study, mining of EST-SSR markers was performed using transcriptome sequences of L. aurea, and 839 primer pairs for non-redundant EST-SSRs were successfully designed. A subset of 60 pairs was randomly selected for validation, of which 44 pairs could amplify products of the expected size. Cross-species transferability of the 60 primer pairs among Lycoris species were assessed in L. radiata Hreb, L. sprengeri Comes ex Baker, L. chinensis Traub and L. anhuiensis, of which between 38 to 77% of the primers were able to amplify products in these Lycoris species. Furthermore, 20 and 10 amplification products were selected for sequencing verification in L. aurea and L. radiata respectively. All products were validated as expected SSRs. In addition, 15 SSRs, including 10 sequence-verified and 5 unverified SSRs were selected and used to evaluate the genetic diversity of seven L. radiata lines. Among these, there were three sterile lines, three fertile lines and one line represented by the offspring of one fertile line. Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean analysis (UPGMA) demonstrated that the outgroup, L. aurea was separated from L. radiata lines and that the seven L. radiata lines were clustered into two groups, consistent with their fertility. Interestingly, even a dendrogram with 34 individuals representing the seven L. radiata lines was almost consistent with fertility.
This study supplies a pool of potential 839 non-redundant SSR markers for genetic analysis of Lycoris genus, that present high amplification rate, transferability and efficiency, which will facilitate genetic analysis and breeding program in Lycoris.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The unique ecological environment of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau has endowed Chinese sea buckthorn leaves with rich bioactivities. In this study, we investigated the bioactivity and stress resistance ...mechanisms of flavonoids derived from Chinese sea buckthorn leaves (FCL) native to the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. Our analysis identified a total of 57 flavonoids, mainly flavonol glycosides, from FCL, of which 6 were novel flavonoids. Isorhamnetin glycosides, quercetin glycosides and kaempferol glycosides were the three most dominant classes of compounds in FCL. In particular, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside emerged as the most abundant compound. Our results showed that FCL possesses potent antioxidant properties, as evidenced by its ability to effectively scavenge DPPH free radicals and demonstrate ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) levels comparable to Trolox, a well-known antioxidant standard. Furthermore, FCL showed remarkable efficacy in reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels while enhancing the activities of key antioxidant enzymes, namely superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), in Caenorhabditis elegans, a widely used model organism. Mechanistically, we elucidated that FCL exerts its stress resistance effects by modulating of transcription factors DAF-16 and HSF-1 within the insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling pathway (IIS). Activation of these transcription factors orchestrates the expression of downstream target genes including sod-3, ctl-1, hsp16.2, and hsp12.6, thus enhancing the organism’s ability to cope with stressors. Overall, our study highlights the rich reservoir of flavonoids in Chinese sea buckthorn leaves as promising candidates for natural medicines, due to their robust antioxidant properties and ability to enhance stress resistance.
The dual-factor model of mental health has garnered substantial support, positing the necessity of encompassing both negative (e.g., psychological problems) and positive (e.g., well-being) indicators ...in comprehensive evaluations of people’s mental health. Nonetheless, the nature of the profiles and predictors (such as academic emotions) during four years of university life lack clarity, hampering a profound understanding of mental well-being among university students. This research included 135 items designed to assess an array of depression symptoms, negative emotional experiences, life satisfaction, positive emotional experiences, and academic emotions. First, this research affirmed the applicability of the dual-factor model in the context of Chinese university students (N = 2277) with the utilization of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Furthermore, latent profile analysis (LPA) was employed to delineate prevalent constellations of psychological symptoms and subjective well-being within participants. The outcomes unveiled the existence of three distinct clusters: (1) Complete Mental Health, (2) Vulnerable, and (3) Troubled. Third, by employing R3stept on academic emotions and mental health classifications, this study revealed that there were associations between this variable and specific amalgams of psychological symptoms and well-being levels. These findings bear influence on the practice of mental health screening and the identification of individuals necessitating targeted interventions.
PDF
