The study aims to describe the implementation of fisheries laws by the enforcing agencies and to determine the compliance level among fishers in District 1, Iloilo Province, Philippines. Composite ...teams were deputized and provided logistic support to enforce the fisheries laws. The increase in the number of fisheries laws violations cases filed was attributed to the strengthening of law enforcement operations in the area.
An understanding of how the fisheries laws are being enforced as well as the fishers' reasons for compliance and non-compliance of fisheries laws by CRM program implementers is essential in planning for their effective dissemination and implementation and in increasing participation of stakeholders in the management of a particular resource. The establishment of a co-management structure for a common resource that involves the concerned local government units and stakeholders allows for more integrated and complementary approach in law enforcement activities. Such structures therefore lead to a much improved and strengthened enforcement of fisheries laws that affect a particular resource. Support in terms of finances, manpower, technical assistance from the local government units or LGUs is a vital element in the implementation of fisheries laws in any community. Awareness of cases of violations of the fisheries laws as well as apprehensions among the fishers also increases their consciousness about the fisheries laws and therefore is critical in improving compliance levels among them.
► Inter-municipality alliance strengthens fisheries law enforcement. ► Local government unit support is a critical element in fisheries laws enforcement. ► Fishers' awareness of fisheries law violations increases compliance among them. ► Planning for enforcement of laws needs knowledge on reasons for compliance. ► Identifying factors critical to effective law enforcement leads to institution of support structures.
Proteases sustain hyperexcitability and pain by cleaving protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR2) on nociceptors through distinct mechanisms. Whereas trypsin induces PAR2 coupling to Gαq, Gαs, and ...β-arrestins, cathepsin-S (CS) and neutrophil elastase (NE) cleave PAR2 at distinct sites and activate it by biased mechanisms that induce coupling to Gαs, but not to Gαq or β-arrestins. Because proteases activate PAR2 by irreversible cleavage, and activated PAR2 is degraded in lysosomes, sustained extracellular protease-mediated signaling requires mobilization of intact PAR2 from the Golgi apparatus or de novo synthesis of new receptors by incompletely understood mechanisms. We found here that trypsin, CS, and NE stimulate PAR2-dependent activation of protein kinase D (PKD) in the Golgi of HEK293 cells, in which PKD regulates protein trafficking. The proteases stimulated translocation of the PKD activator Gβγ to the Golgi, coinciding with PAR2 mobilization from the Golgi. Proteases also induced translocation of a photoconverted PAR2-Kaede fusion protein from the Golgi to the plasma membrane of KNRK cells. After incubation of HEK293 cells and dorsal root ganglia neurons with CS, NE, or trypsin, PAR2 responsiveness initially declined, consistent with PAR2 cleavage and desensitization, and then gradually recovered. Inhibitors of PKD, Gβγ, and protein translation inhibited recovery of PAR2 responsiveness. PKD and Gβγ inhibitors also attenuated protease-evoked mechanical allodynia in mice. We conclude that proteases that activate PAR2 by canonical and biased mechanisms stimulate PKD in the Golgi; PAR2 mobilization and de novo synthesis repopulate the cell surface with intact receptors and sustain nociceptive signaling by extracellular proteases.
Abstract
Background
Congenital heart disease (CHD) affects a significant number of newborns globally. While survival rates have increased, many interventions provide only palliative therapies and not ...total repair, leading to chronic complications such as heart failure (HF). Treatment options for adult patients with CHD (ACHD) with HF are similar to those for HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), but there is a need for trials with hard clinical endpoints. Treatment options include cardiac resynchronization therapy, coronary revascularization, valve repair/replacement, defibrillators, and heart transplantation. More research is needed to understand the prevalence, demographic characteristics, and variables associated with ACHD-HF.
Purpose
By studying the prevalence of HF in ACHD we can better understand the long-term outcomes and health risks for this population. CHD is one of the most common birth defects, and while survival rates have improved, there is still a risk for HF and other complications as individuals age. When researching HF in this population, investigators can identify potential risk factors, develop targeted interventions, and improve health outcomes for ACHD.
Methodology
This study was piloted with a private database, filtering patients with CHD who have HF based on the ESC 2022 guides. Parameters such as the severity, left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF), and functional class were considered. A statistical software was used to filter patients, and the resulting data was then analysed, applying the most relevant variables to the study.
Results
3539 patients, with a median age of 34 years included, 56.3% were women. Based on the ESC guidelines, patients were classified according to their CHD complexity, 1977 as mild, 642 as moderate, and 920 as severe. The most common treatment was the total repair, in 58.1% of cases, while 31.5% were in surveillance and 3.6% had no treatment. Mortality was 3.2%, 22.7% of patients lost follow-up. The most common CHD was atrial septal defect. Most patients (76.7%) were in NYHA functional class I, 18.7% in class II, 3.4% in class III, and 0.7% in class IV. LVEF was >50% in 87.7% of patients, 4.7% had a LVEF between 49% and 41%, and 5.8% had LVEF <40%. Bicuspid aortic valve was the most frequent CHD with reduced LVEF, in 9.8% of patients. Of the deceased, 37.5% had a LVEF <40%; and severe CHD was more associated with a LVEF <40%. According to the AHA patients were classified as stages B (84.5%), C (14.6%), and D (0.3%), no patients in stage A identified.
Conclusions
This study provided an overview of HF in ACHD, identifying important correlations between severity of ACHD-HF and LVEF, and the prevalence of HF among different cardiopathies. The overall mortality of this review was scarce, and of these patients, one-third had previous history of reduced LVEF. HF associated with ACHD is becoming increasingly common in cardiology practice; thus, further studies regarding its prevalence need to be done.
Abstract only
18047
Background: It seems that elderly lung cancer patients (p) respond better to combination chemotherapy than to single-agent therapy. Application of pharmacokinetic (pk) modelling ...to the routine therapeutic drug monitoring in elderly p help to individualize the dosage of anticancer drugs. The aim of this study was to explore the Calvert′s formula usefulness for calculating the Cb dose in elderly p by means of the predicted AUC/actual AUC ratio. Creatinine (Cr) Cl was calculated by Cockdroft-Gault equation. Methods: Between December 2005 and September 2006, 20 chemonaive ANSCLC p were included in two groups: 10 adults p ≤ 65 years and 10 aged p ≥ 75 years. Treatment consisted in Cb day 1 and gemcitabine 1250 mg/m
2
days 1 and 8 every 21 days. Cb dose was calculated for a foreseen AUC = 5 in young adults and AUC = 4 in aged p. Three blood samples were collected at 1–2 hours(h), 3–5 h, 12–24 h postinfusion. Total and ultrafiltrated Cb was determined using a flameless atomic absortion spectrometer. For pk analysis non lineal effects models implemented in NONMEM program were used. Individual pk parameters were calculated and predictors in the structural model were analized. Results: Table 1 shows mean and variation coefficient of some biometric characteristics. Pk parameters analysis: Cl
AUC5
p = 137 mL/min; Cl
factor
(parameter for measuring Cl changes according to age) = 0.44; Cl
AUC4
p = 59.7 mL/min. Cb Cl in elderly p was 43.55% with respect to younger p. In younger p estimated Cb Cl was 5.69% higher than Cb Cl calculated using the Calvert equation. In elderly p, the opposite effect was achieved, estimated Cb Cl was 26.85% lower than Cb Cl calculated Conclusions: The Cb Cl calculation by means of Calvert formula showed underestimation of the dose in younger p and upperestimation of the dose in elderly p. It is necessary to investigate the covariates which contribute to take away the strength of the Calvert equation, which could to affect the efficacy and toxicity of Cb.
Table: see text
No significant financial relationships to disclose.
•The MedDietScore is recommended to assess MD adherence throughout pregnancy as it was superior to the rest of the MD indices.•The MFP is recommended to assess MD adherence at the 16th and 34th ...g.w.•The MDS-P (developed for pregnant women) is recommended to assess MD adherence at the 34th g.w.•ROC-derived threshold to identify high cardiometabolic risk for the MFP, MedDietScore and MDS-P indices were 21, 30, and 6 points, respectively.
The aim of the present study was to provide practical considerations for assessing MD adherence during pregnancy based on the association with cardiometabolic risk.
Longitudinal study.
A food frequency questionnaire was fulfilled by 152 pregnant women at the 16th gestational week (g.w.). We calculated the Mediterranean Food Pattern (MFP), the MD Scale (MDScale), the Short MD questionnaire (SMDQ), the MD Score (MedDietScore), and the MD scale for pregnant women (MDS-P). The cardiometabolic risk score consisted of pre-pregnancy body mass index, blood pressure, glucose, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (at 16th and 34th g.w.).
Multiple linear regression models showed that the MFP, the MedDietScore, and the SMDQ were associated with lower cardiometabolic risk at the 16th and 34th g.w. (β’s: −0.193 to −0.415, all p < 0.05); and the MDS-P at the 34th g.w. (β = −0.349, p < 0.01). A comparison of these models with the J test showed that the MFP and the MedDietScore outperformed the SMDQ at the 16th g.w. (p’s < 0.05); while the MedDietScore outperformed the SMDQ, MFP, and MDS-P (p’s < 0.05) at the 34th g.w. Receiver-Operating-Characteristic-derived thresholds for the MFP, MedDietScore and MDS-P indices were 21, 30, and 6 points, respectively, to identify women with high cardiometabolic risk.
The MFP and MedDietScore are recommended to assess MD adherence during pregnancy, as these showed the strongest associations with cardiometabolic risk. Our validated thresholds might assist in the detection of poor dietary patterns during pregnancy.
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