The deposition and manipulation of human remains in natural caves are well known for the Neolithic of Southern Iberia. The cultural meaning of these practices is however still largely unclear. Cueva ...de los Marmoles (CM, Priego-Córdoba) is one of the most important cave contexts from Southern Spain, which returned a large number of commingled skeletal remains suggesting its funerary use from the Neolithic to the Late Bronze Age. Here we discuss CM from a chronological and cultural perspective based on new radiocarbon, anthropological, and taphonomic analyses. These include the estimation of the minimum number of individuals, the exploration of fragmentation patterns characterizing different skeletal regions, and the macroscopic and microscopic analysis of modifications to the remains of possible anthropic origin. Radiocarbon data point to a funerary use of CM between the 5
th
-2
nd
millennium cal. BCE. MNI estimates reveal the presence of at least 12 individuals (seven adults and five nonadults). The low representation of elements from hands and feet suggests that individuals were placed in the cave while partially decomposed. Anthropic traces on the remains (e.g. fresh fractures, marrow canal modifications, and scraping marks) hint at their intentional fragmentation, cleaning from residual soft tissues, and in some cases reutilization. These practices are well-exemplified by the recovery of one "skull cup" and of two long bones used as tools. These data align with those from other cave contexts from the same geographic region, suggesting the presence, especially during the Neolithic period, of shared ideologies centered on the human body.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This study aims to expand knowledge of Concha bullosa in a prehistoric population.
The skull of an adult female from the Bronze Age archeological site ofCastellón Alto (Granada, Spain), dated between ...1900 and 1600 BCE.
The diagnosis of middle turbinateconcha bullosa was based on macroscopic, radiographic, and computed tomography studies.
This is one of the oldest findings ofconcha bullosa in Europe. Despite the possible obstruction of the osteomeatal complex by the concha bullosa in this individual, no signs of sinusitis were observed in maxillary sinuses.
The maxillary sinuses of this female showed no signs of sinusitis related to theconcha bullosa.
This study provides new evidence on the chronological limits of this condition. The particular funeral rites of these populations have preserved the majority of skeletons at this site in an excellent condition.
The identification ofconcha bullosa continues to be rare in ancient populations, in part due to the poor preservation of nasal bones in archeological collections. Suggestions for further research: Detailed study of the nasal cavity of adequately preserved individuals can be expected to identify further cases of concha bullosa in ancient populations.
The years 1647 and 1648 were the frame of a very important mortality crisis in the city of Granada (Spain). This was preceded by a
serious subsistence crisis and social uprisings but, however, it had
...not been studied in depth, and the overmortality was attributed to the
bubonic plague. 9990 burial records from control years and 4232 preserved from those two years in 12 parishes of Granada have been
analyzed. Seasonality and the distribution of deaths by sex and age
have been studied. From the results obtained and with the support of
coeval documentary sources, it could be concluded that there was an
epidemic of exanthematic typhus, several outbreaks of an oro-fecal
transmission infection and there was no bubonic plague epidemic.
Los años de 1647 y 1648 constituyeron el marco de una crisis de
mortalidad muy importante en la ciudad de Granada. Esta estuvo precedida por una grave carencia de subsistencias y revueltas sociales,
pero no se había profundizado en ella y la sobremortalidad se atribuía
a la peste bubónica. Se han analizado 9990 registros de entierros de
años control y los 4232 conservados de esos dos años en 12 parroquias granadinas. Se han estudiado la estacionalidad y la distribución
de las defunciones por sexo y edad. A partir de los resultados obtenidos y con el apoyo de fuentes documentales coetáneas se puede
concluir que hubo una epidemia de tifus exantemático, varios brotes
de una infección de transmisión oro-fecal y no se produjo una epidemia de peste bubónica.
This paper provides information on three aspects regarding the complexity of the archaeological site of Marroquíes (Jaén, Spain): 1) the composition of the population buried in rock-cut tombs and the ...different treatment that individuals experienced, especially in relation to their integration into multiple or collective burials and sometimes bones removal; 2) the composition of livestock and its diverse use in ritual; 3) the chronological frame of the burials as an essential step to develop (and especially support) any hypothesis about prehistoric populations, and to understand the changes that many bodies experienced along the period of worship that affected them. The available dates have shown that these strategies were developed primarily from the second half of the Third Millennium BC.
La realización del presente trabajo se enmarca dentro de las investigaciones que llevamos a cabo sobre restos humanos neolíticos y de la Edad del Cobre en la Alta Andalucía. Dadas las características ...de esta comunicación, nos limitamos a exponer los datos con que contamos en la actualidad para el estudio de los rituales funerarios neolíticos en esta zona. Por Alta Andalucía consideramos la región de las montañas y depresiones interiores de las Cordilleras Béticas, excluyendo la Fachada Mediterránea y el Sudeste. Por tanto, los datos que presentamos se refieren únicamenete a esta área.
El presente artículo expone los resultados de una investigación hecha en Brasil, España y Portugal. Los objetivos fueron conocer los discursos de psicólogos respecto a su práctica en los servicios de ...salud pública de atención primaria, secundaria y terciaria. Es un estudio de campo, comparativo, con estrategia descriptiva. La metodología incluyó un cuestionario y una entrevista abierta. Participaron en el estudio 107 sujetos. Los resultados expresan que la muestra de Brasil presentó más dificultad para ubicarse y distinguir las especificidades de sus intervenciones en los niveles primario, secundario y terciario de salud. Los españoles definieron mejor las intervenciones de salud primaria. Los portugueses demostraron una mediana dificultad en la identificación del nivel de pertenencia de sus prácticas.
L’objectif principal de cet article est de discuter de l’importance sociale des preuves archéologiques au cours des fouilles réalisées sur le site de « Marroquíes », dans le cadre des travaux menés ...pour la réalisation de la « tranche 3 » du système de tramway à Jaén (Espagne). Nous allons ainsi contextualiser chronologiquement et spatialement les objets, la faune et les vestiges anthropologiques exhumés. L’analyse de ceux-ci nous a permis d’établir que les artefacts sont distribués tout au long de la séquence, ce qui suggère une pratique de déplacement des cadavres suivant les différents complexes structurels et de documenter qu’il a existé un important rituel lié au sacrifice d’animaux. À notre avis, ces pratiques montrent la transition d’un système rituel basé sur l’exaltation des ancêtres génériques à un autre basé sur le culte des aïeux de la famille, ce qui a renforcé le rôle de la linéarité et l’héritage dans les communautés où la hiérarchie sociale commence à s’affirmer. D’autres résultats secondaires à cette étude démontrent, d’une part, que les regroupements des structures de ce type, situées dans les zones d’habitat, peuvent constituer de véritables nécropoles. D’autre part, on apprécie que l’état fragmenté des artefacts récupérés et leur répartition sur les complexe structurels de « Marroquíes Bajos » nous oblige à une analyse détaillée de leur contextes de déposition et on ne peut donc pas établir que tous les artefacts viennent de contextes rituels.
The main objective of this paper is to discuss the social meaning of the archaeological evidence recovered from the excavations at the site of Marroquíes during the works carried out in Section 3 of Jaén Tramway System. In order to do it, we will proceed to the chronological and spatial contextualization of artifacts, faunal and anthropological remains located. The analysis of such contextualization has enabled to establish that the artifacts are distributed throughout the sequence; it has also allowed suggesting the movement of bodies among the different structural complexes and documenting that there was a significant sacrifice of animals. In our opinion, such practices show the transition from a ritual system based on the exaltation of the generic ancestor to another founded on the cult of family forefathers that reinforced the role of linearity and inheritance in communities where the social hierarchy was claiming. Other secondary outcomes of the study have been obtained. First, it can be suggested that groups of such structures located in inhabitated areas may be true necropolis. Second, it can be asserted that the fragmented state of the recovered artifacts and their distribution in Marroquíes Bajos structural complexes forces a detailed analysis on depositional context, failing to establish that all they come from ritual contexts.
El escritor del siglo XVII Henríquez de Jorquera describió un posible brote de disentería en Granada en el año de 1635. Según el método de Dupaquier, aplicado al total de 1529 registros de entierros ...conservados, en este año se produjo una crisis de mortalidad que, a nivel más local, sólo se detectó en algunas parroquias. Con el objetivo de comprobar la validez de esta descripción, se procedió al estudio estacional de 919 registros de entierros de diversas parroquias. Los resultados obtenidos denotan la presencia de un pico brusco de mortalidad en el mes de junio que afectó exclusivamente a las parroquias cuyo suministro de agua dependía de la acequia Axaris. La conjugación del abastecimiento del agua y las temperaturas cálidas apuntan a un brote causado por un agente de transmisión oro-fecal, que pudo coincidir con el episodio descrito.
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