The purpose of the present study was to compare block periodization (BP) and daily undulating periodization (DUP) in eliciting changes in strength, jumping performance and throwing velocity in young ...male handball players. Fifteen players, of the same competitive level, were assigned to one of the periodization groups (DUP=9; BP=6). Pre- and post-tests included a one repetition maximum (1 RM) back squat, countermovement jump (CMJ), triple jump with the left and right leg, 20 m speed test, standing medicine ball throw, 7 m standing throw, and 9 m jumping throw. Strength training was performed twice a week throughout an 8-week period. The BP group performed training phases in the following order: hypertrophy, power strength and explosive strength; DUP alternated every week two sessions with a different focus. Total volume and intensity during the 8-week period were equal in both training groups. Despite both groups significantly improved 1 RM squat (33.3%, effect size ES=1.48 for DUP and 17.4%, ES=1.40 for BP) and triple jump (4-6.3%, ES=0.32-0.51 for DUP and 9.7-12.7%, ES=1.40 for BP) performance, greater gains (ES=0.96) were detected in DUP for the 9 m throwing velocity. No significant changes were found in either group for the 20 m sprint and CMJ. It can be concluded that both periodization programs elicited significant improvements in maximal strength and jumping performance in young male handball players, while DUP was more effective than BP on throwing velocity.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, FSPLJ, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The purpose of the present study was to compare block periodization (BP) and daily undulating periodization (DUP) in eliciting changes in strength, jumping performance and throwing velocity in young ...male handball players. Fifteen players, of the same competitive level, were assigned to one of the periodization groups (DUP=9; BP=6). Pre- and post-tests included a one repetition maximum (1 RM) back squat, counter movement jump (CMJ), triple jump with the left and right leg, 20 m speed test, standing medicine ball throw, 7 m standing throw, and 9 m jumping throw. Strength training was performed twice a week throughout an 8-week period. The BP group performed training phases in the following order: hypertrophy, power strength and explosive strength; DUP alternated every week two sessions with a different focus. Total volume and intensity during the 8-week period were equal in both training groups. Despite both groups significantly improved 1 RM squat (33.3%, effect size ES=1.48 for DUP and 17.4%, ES=1.40 for BP) and triple jump (4-6.3%, ES=0.32- 0.51 for DUP and 9.7-12.7%, ES=1.40 for BP) performance, greater gains (ES=0.96) were detected in DUP for the 9 m throwing velocity. No significant changes were found in either group for the 20 m sprint and CMJ. It can be concluded that both periodization programs elicited significant improvements in maximal strength and jumping performance in young male handball players, while DUP was more effective than BP on throwing velocity.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, FSPLJ, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
El presente estudio pretende mostrar de forma descriptiva los rangos de normalidad del Y-Balance-Test (YBT) para 173 jugadores de fútbol masculino, agrupados en 5 categorías (Cadetes: n= 48; edad= ...14.18 ± 2.02 años; Juveniles: n= 62; edad= 18.20 ± 2.04 años; 3ª División: n = 21; edad = 25.42 ± 4.52 años; 2ª División B: n = 19; edad = 25.68 ± 3.00 años; 1ª División: n = 23; edad = 32.91 ± 3.04 años) y diferenciando la posición específica (portero, lateral, defensa central, centrocampista, extremo y delanteros). Los resultados del presente estudio se presentan en medias y desviaciones típicas, con el fin de poder mostrar el alcance normalizado (pierna dominante, no dominante) y las asimetrías entre extremidades (promedio ± DE; Total ≤ ± 4 y % del total en cm). Aunque es un estudio descriptivo, los datos que aquí se encuentran, parecen mostrar una mejora en los rangos del YBT a medida que aumentan la categoría para todas las medidas evaluadas. De forma complementaria, podemos sugerir que los delanteros de todas las categorías presentan déficit en la medida posteromedial (PM) y los jugadores de categoría cadete y juvenil, concretamente en la posición de centrocampistas, poseen grandes déficits en la totalidad de las medidas con respecto a los demás participantes del estudio. En conclusión, los resultados obtenidos nos permitirán obtener un amplio espectro de medidas en el YBT para diferentes categorías, que hasta donde alcanza nuestro conocimiento no existe en la literatura, para así ser más precisos en su evaluación. Además, nos ayudará a conocer con más precisión los rangos de normalidad de cada uno de los grupos, valorando en cada momento como la edad de estos influye en las asimetrías que podemos encontrar en nuestros futbolistas, permitiéndonos actuar en el deportista y establecer programas preventivos individualizados y preventivos más eficientes.
Azole resistance screening in
can be routinely carried out by using azole-containing agar plates (E.Def 10.2 procedure); however, conidial suspension filtering and inoculum adjustment before inoculum ...preparation are time-consuming. We evaluated whether skipping the filtration and inoculum adjustment steps negatively influenced the performance of the E.Def 10.2 procedure.
isolates (
= 98), previously classified as azole susceptible or azole resistant (E.Def 9.4 method), were studied. Azole-resistant isolates had either the wild-type
gene sequence (
= 1) or the following
gene substitutions: TR
-L98H (
= 41), G54R (
= 5), TR
-Y121F-T289A (
= 1), or G448S (
= 1). In-house azole-containing agar plates were prepared according to the EUCAST E.Def 10.2 procedure. Conidial suspensions obtained by adding distilled water (Tween 20 0.1%) were either filtered and the inocula adjusted to 0.5 McFarland or left unfiltered and unadjusted. Agreements between the agar screening methods using inocula prepared by each procedure were high for itraconazole (99%), voriconazole (100%), and posaconazole (94.9%). Sensitivity and specificity (considering the susceptibility category as per the microdilution E.Def 9.4 method as the gold standard) of E.Def 10.2 were 100% to rule in or rule out resistance when unfiltered and unadjusted suspensions were used; the resistance phenotype of isolates harboring the TR
-L98H, G54R, or TR
-Y121F-T289A substitutions was correctly detected. Unfiltered and unadjusted conidial suspensions do not negatively influence the performance of the E.Def 10.2 method when screening for azole resistance in
.
Azole resistance screening in
can be routinely carried out by using azole-containing plates (E.Def 10.2 procedure); however, conidial suspension filtering and inoculum adjustment before inoculation of plates are time-consuming. We, here, showed that unfiltered and unadjusted conidial suspensions do not negatively influence the performance of the E.Def 10.2 method when screening for azole resistance in
.
El presente estudio pretende mostrar de forma descriptiva los rangos de normalidad del Y-Balance-Test (YBT) para 173 jugadores de fútbol masculino, agrupados en 5 categorías (Cadetes: n= 48; edad= ...14.18 ± 2.02 años; Juveniles: n= 62; edad= 18.20 ± 2.04 años; 3ª División: n = 21; edad = 25.42 ± 4.52 años; 2ª División B: n = 19; edad = 25.68 ± 3.00 años; 1ª División: n = 23; edad = 32.91 ± 3.04 años) y diferenciando la posición específica (portero, lateral, defensa central, centrocampista, extremo y delanteros). Los resultados del presente estudio se presentan en medias y desviaciones típicas, con el fin de poder mostrar el alcance normalizado (pierna dominante, no dominante) y las asimetrías entre extremidades (promedio ± DE; Total ≤ ± 4 y % del total en cm). Aunque es un estudio descriptivo, los datos que aquí se encuentran, parecen mostrar una mejora en los rangos del YBT a medida que aumentan la categoría para todas las medidas evaluadas. De forma complementaria, podemos sugerir que los delanteros de todas las categorías presentan déficit en la medida posteromedial (PM) y los jugadores de categoría cadete y juvenil, concretamente en la posición de centrocampistas, poseen grandes déficits en la totalidad de las medidas con respecto a los demás participantes del estudio. En conclusión, los resultados obtenidos nos permitirán obtener un amplio espectro de medidas en el YBT para diferentes categorías, que hasta donde alcanza nuestro conocimiento no existe en la literatura, para así ser más precisos en su evaluación. Además, nos ayudará a conocer con más precisión los rangos de normalidad de cada uno de los grupos, valorando en cada momento como la edad de estos influye en las asimetrías que podemos encontrar en nuestros futbolistas, permitiéndonos actuar en el deportista y establecer programas preventivos individualizados y preventivos más eficientes.Abstract. The aim of this study is to show the ranges of normality for soccer players in different categories evaluated by Y-Balance-Test (YBT). A total of 173 soccer players were evaluated and grouped in 5 different categories (U16: n= 48; age= 14.18 ± 2.02 age; U19: n= 62; age = 18.20 ± 2.04 age; Third Division: n = 21; age = 25.42 ± 4.52 age; Second Division B: n = 19; age = 25.68 ± 3.00 age; First Division: n = 23; age = 32.91 ± 3.04 age) according to their specific positions (goalkeeper, full backs, central defenders, center midfielders, wingers, and center forwards). The results of this research consist in the means and standard deviation for the YBT, with the purpose of explaining the standardized reach (dominant and non-dominant legs) and asymmetries between limbs (average ± DE; Total ≤ ± 4 and % of the total in cm). While the nature of this study is purely observational, an increase in the scores for all the measurements can be noted from lower to higher categories. At all categories, center forwards present a deficit in the posteromedial movement (PM), whereas center midfielder from U16 and U19 is the position with the highest deficits. The knowledge of the YBT scores is essential to understand with greater precision how categories influence the asymmetries, and consequently to create more effective preventive programs.
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