Most ultrawideband (UWB) location systems already proposed for position estimation have only been individually evaluated for particular scenarios. For a fair performance comparison among different ...solutions, a common evaluation scenario would be desirable. In this paper, we compare three commercially available UWB systems (Ubisense, BeSpoon, and DecaWave) under the same experimental conditions, in order to do a critical performance analysis. We include the characterization of the quality of the estimated tag-to-sensor distances in an indoor industrial environment. This testing space includes areas under line-of-sight (LOS) and diverse non-LOS conditions caused by the reflection, propagation, and the diffraction of the UWB radio signals across different obstacles. The study also includes the analysis of the estimated azimuth and elevation angles for the Ubisense system, which is the only one that incorporates this feature using an array antenna at each sensor. Finally, we analyze the 3-D positioning estimation performance of the three UWB systems using a Bayesian filter implemented with a particle filter and a measurement model that takes into account bad range measurements and outliers. A final conclusion is drawn about which system performs better under these industrial conditions.
We present a new method to accurately locate persons indoors by fusing inertial navigation system (INS) techniques with active RFID technology. A foot-mounted inertial measuring units (IMUs)-based ...position estimation method, is aided by the received signal strengths (RSSs) obtained from several active RFID tags placed at known locations in a building. In contrast to other authors that integrate IMUs and RSS with a loose Kalman filter (KF)-based coupling (by using the residuals of inertial- and RSS-calculated positions), we present a tight KF-based INS/RFID integration, using the residuals between the INS-predicted reader-to-tag ranges and the ranges derived from a generic RSS path-loss model. Our approach also includes other drift reduction methods such as zero velocity updates (ZUPTs) at foot stance detections, zero angular-rate updates (ZARUs) when the user is motionless, and heading corrections using magnetometers. A complementary extended Kalman filter (EKF), throughout its 15-element error state vector, compensates the position, velocity and attitude errors of the INS solution, as well as IMU biases. This methodology is valid for any kind of motion (forward, lateral or backward walk, at different speeds), and does not require an offline calibration for the user gait. The integrated INS+RFID methodology eliminates the typical drift of IMU-alone solutions (approximately 1% of the total traveled distance), resulting in typical positioning errors along the walking path (no matter its length) of approximately 1.5 m.
IMPORTANCE: Preventing relapse for adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in first remission is the most common indication for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant. The presence of AML ...measurable residual disease (MRD) has been associated with higher relapse rates, but testing is not standardized. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether DNA sequencing to identify residual variants in the blood of adults with AML in first remission before allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant identifies patients at increased risk of relapse and poorer overall survival compared with those without these DNA variants. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In this retrospective observational study, DNA sequencing was performed on pretransplant blood from patients aged 18 years or older who had undergone their first allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant during first remission for AML associated with variants in FLT3, NPM1, IDH1, IDH2, or KIT at 1 of 111 treatment sites from 2013 through 2019. Clinical data were collected, through May 2022, by the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research. EXPOSURE: Centralized DNA sequencing of banked pretransplant remission blood samples. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcomes were overall survival and relapse. Day of transplant was considered day 0. Hazard ratios were reported using Cox proportional hazards regression models. RESULTS: Of 1075 patients tested, 822 had FLT3 internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD) and/or NPM1 mutated AML (median age, 57.1 years, 54% female). Among 371 patients in the discovery cohort, the persistence of NPM1 and/or FLT3-ITD variants in the blood of 64 patients (17.3%) in remission before undergoing transplant was associated with worse outcomes after transplant (2013-2017). Similarly, of the 451 patients in the validation cohort who had undergone transplant in 2018-2019, 78 patients (17.3%) with residual NPM1 and/or FLT3-ITD variants had higher rates of relapse at 3 years (68% vs 21%; difference, 47% 95% CI, 26% to 69%; HR, 4.32 95% CI, 2.98 to 6.26; P < .001) and decreased survival at 3 years (39% vs 63%; difference, −24% 2-sided 95% CI, −39% to −9%; HR, 2.43 95% CI, 1.71 to 3.45; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Among patients with acute myeloid leukemia in first remission prior to allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant, the persistence of FLT3 internal tandem duplication or NPM1 variants in the blood at an allele fraction of 0.01% or higher was associated with increased relapse and worse survival compared with those without these variants. Further study is needed to determine whether routine DNA-sequencing testing for residual variants can improve outcomes for patients with acute myeloid leukemia.
Solar energy conversion using semiconductors to fabricate photovoltaic devices relies on efficient light absorption, charge separation of electron–hole pair carriers or excitons, and fast transport ...and charge extraction to counter recombination processes. Ferroelectric materials are able to host a permanent electrical polarization which provides control over electrical field distribution in bulk and interfacial regions. In this review, we provide a critical overview of the physical principles and mechanisms of solar energy conversion using ferroelectric semiconductors and contact layers, as well as the main achievements reported so far. In a ferroelectric semiconductor film with ideal contacts, the polarization charge would be totally screened by the metal layers and no charge collection field would exist. However, real materials show a depolarization field, smooth termination of polarization, and interfacial energy barriers that do provide the control of interface and bulk electric field by switchable spontaneous polarization. We explore different phenomena as the polarization-modulated Schottky-like barriers at metal/ferroelectric interfaces, depolarization fields, vacancy migration, and the switchable rectifying behavior of ferroelectric thin films. Using a basic physical model of a solar cell, our analysis provides a general picture of the influence of ferroelectric effects on the actual power conversion efficiency of the solar cell device, and we are able to assess whether these effects or their combinations are beneficial or counterproductive. We describe in detail the bulk photovoltaic effect and the contact layers that modify the built-in field and the charge injection and separation in bulk heterojunction organic cells as well as in photocatalytic and water splitting devices. We also review the dominant families of ferroelectric materials that have been most extensively investigated and have provided the best photovoltaic performance.
In the elderly, geriatric problems such as the risk of fall or frailty are a challenge for society. Patients with frailty present difficulties in walking and higher fall risk. The use of sensors for ...gait analysis allows the detection of objective parameters related to these pathologies and to make an early diagnosis. Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) are wearables that, due to their accuracy, portability, and low price, are an excellent option to analyze human gait parameters in health-monitoring applications. Many relevant gait parameters (e.g., step time, walking speed) are used to assess motor, or even cognitive, health problems in the elderly, but we perceived that there is not a full consensus on which parameters are the most significant to estimate the risk of fall and the frailty state. In this work, we analyzed the different IMU-based gait parameters proposed in the literature to assess frailty state (robust, prefrail, or frail) or fall risk. The aim was to collect the most significant gait parameters, measured from inertial sensors, able to discriminate between patient groups and to highlight those parameters that are not relevant or for which there is controversy among the examined works. For this purpose, a literature review of the studies published in recent years was carried out; apart from 10 previous relevant reviews using inertial and other sensing technologies, a total of 22 specific studies giving statistical significance values were analyzed. The results showed that the most significant parameters are double-support time, gait speed, stride time, step time, and the number of steps/day or walking percentage/day, for frailty diagnosis. In the case of fall risk detection, parameters related to trunk stability or movements are the most relevant. Although these results are important, the total number of works found was limited and most of them performed the significance statistics on subsets of all possible gait parameters; this fact highlights the need for new frailty studies using a more complete set of gait parameters.
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•C2H4 cost using OCM is advantageous only with NG price below 3 €/GJ.•Advanced catalyst with C2H4 yield higher than 50% makes OCM favourable.•Distribute feeding of O2 improves the ...efficiency of the plant.•Current specific CAPEX of OCM is twice than naphtha steam cracking.
This paper addresses the techno-economic assessment of two technologies for olefins production from naphtha and natural gas. The first technology is based on conventional naphtha steam cracking for the production of ethylene, propylene and BTX at polymer grade. The unused products are recovered in a boiler to produce electricity for the plant. The plant has been designed to produce 1 MTPY of ethylene.
In the second case, ethylene is produced from natural gas through the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) in which natural gas is fed to the OCM reactor together with oxygen from a cryogenic air separation unit (ASU). The overall reactions are kinetically controlled and the system is designed to work at about 750–850 °C and close to 10 bar. Since the overall reaction system is exothermic, different layouts for the reactor temperature control are evaluated.
For the naphtha steam cracking plant, the energy analysis shows an overall conversion efficiency of 67% (with a naphtha-to-olefins conversion of 65.7%) due to the production of different products (including electricity), with a carbon conversion rate of 70%. The main equipment costs associated with naphtha steam cracking are represented by the cracker (about 30%), but the cost of ethylene depends almost entirely on the cost associated with the fuel feedstock.
In case of the OCM plant, the overall energy conversion efficiency drops to maximally 30%. In the studied plant design, CO2 capture from the syngas is also considered (downstream of the OCM reactor) and therefore the final carbon/capture efficiency is above 20%. The cost of ethylene from OCM is higher than with the naphtha steam cracking plant and the CAPEX affects the final cost of ethylene significantly, as well as the large amount of electricity required.
A comparison of the preparation of a series of transition metal phosphides (Mo, W, Fe, Co, Ni) by the reduction of phosphites (I) and phosphates (A) was made and the I method required lower ...temperatures, but greater differences were found between metals than between methods of preparation. The phosphide catalysts were tested in the hydrodeoxygenation of 2-methyltetrahydrofuran and it was found that Ni and Co produced saturated compounds, while Mo and W produced unsaturated products, and Fe was largely inactive. Display omitted
► The 2-methyltetrahydrofuran conversion follows the order Ni2P>WP>MoP>CoP>FeP. ► Phosphides from phosphite and phosphate precursors produced only small differences. ► On Ni2P, the reaction mechanism involved a series of singly bound surface intermediates. ► On WP, the mechanism involved doubly bound surface intermediates. ► Surface composition played a decisive role in the choice of reaction pathway.
A series of silica-supported metal phosphides was prepared by two methods involving the reduction of phosphite (I) or phosphate (A) precursors and was studied for the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MTHF). The I method required lower temperature than the A method and resulted in catalysts with higher surface area. The activity was evaluated in a packed-bed reactor on the basis of equal CO chemisorption sites (30μmol) loaded in the reactor with comparison made to a commercial Pd/Al2O3 catalyst. At 300°C and 1atm, the order of activity was Ni2P>WP>MoP>CoP>FeP>Pd/Al2O3. The principal HDO products for the iron group phosphides (Ni2P and CoP) were pentane and butane, whereas for the group 6 metal phosphides (MoP and WP), the products were mostly pentenes and pentadienes. For the Pd/Al2O3 and the low-activity FeP/SiO2 catalyst the products were mostly pentenes and C4 mixtures. There were no significant differences in the turnover frequency between materials prepared by the two methods, except possibly for the case of WP. There were likewise no great changes in selectivity toward HDO products at 5% total conversion, except for WP. The differences in the case of WP were attributed to the surface P/W ratio that X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed to be twice as large for the I method than the A method. Contact-time studies were used to develop reaction networks for the most active catalysts, Ni2P/SiO2 and WP/SiO2. For Ni2P/SiO2 by both methods, the selectivity profiles were similar and could be explained by a rake mechanism with pentenes as primary products, 2-pentanone as a secondary product, and pentane as a final product. In contrast, for WP/SiO2, the selectivity depended greatly on the preparation method, but produced a preponderance of unsaturated compounds. The results could be explained from the surface composition.
CD19 CAR T-cell (CAR-T) therapy is commonly administered to patients with relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphomas (LBCL), but salvage or bridging therapy can sometimes lead to a complete ...response (CR) prior to infusion. Limited studies have assessed the outcomes of patients infused in CR. A total of 134 patients with LBCL in CR prior to CAR-T infusion were identified from the CIBMTR registry, with median prior lines of therapy of 3 (range 2-9). At two years post-infusion, the probability of progression-free survival was 43.5% (95% CI 34.4-52.8) and the probability of overall survival was 63.8% (95% CI 54.4-72.6). The cumulative incidence rates of non-relapse mortality and relapse/progression at two years were 9.2% (95% CI 4.5-15.4) and 47.3% (95% CI 38.2-56.6), respectively. The rate of grade 3 or higher cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) were 2.2% and 8.2%, respectively. In summary, CAR-T in heavily pretreated patients with LBCL who are in CR following two or more lines of prior therapy demonstrate that a subset of patients may remain free of progression at two years. Additionally, the toxicity profile was impressive with very low rates of grade 3 CRS and ICANS.
Oleotourism (olive oil tourism) is a new form of gastronomic tourism that satisfies increasingly challenging tourist demand, especially in the wake of the pandemic and for tourists who seek not only ...quality food products but also a safe environment to enjoy their chosen activity. Córdoba is a province in southern Spain where olives play a very important role, accounting for 50% of its cultivated area, and whose agricultural activity can be complemented with tourism due to its 189 oil mills that can welcome visitors for oil tasting. However, this type of tourism is not seeing an expected boom. This research analyzes, through a varimax analysis, the factors that attract and drive oleotourists as well as the components of such tourism. As a result, four principal components related to tourists and tourism offers were obtained, finding a high degree of satisfaction of oleotourist with the routes explored as well as a lack of knowledge of this type of tourism in international markets.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
10.
Derivation of naïve human embryonic stem cells Ware, Carol B.; Nelson, Angelique M.; Mecham, Brigham ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS,
03/2014, Letnik:
111, Številka:
12
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The naïve pluripotent state has been shown in mice to lead to broad and more robust developmental potential relative to primed mouse epiblast cells. The human naïve ES cell state has eluded ...derivation without the use of transgenes, and forced expression of OCT4, KLF4, and KLF2 allows maintenance of human cells in a naïve state Hanna J, et al. (2010) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107 (20):9222—9227. We describe two routes to generate nontransgenic naïve human ES cells (hESCs). The first is by reverse toggling of preexisting primed hESC lines by preculture in the histone deacetylase inhibitors butyrate and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, followed by culture in MEK/ERK and GSK3 inhibitors (2i) with FGF2. The second route is by direct derivation from a human embryo in 2i with FGF2. We show that human naïve cells meet mouse criteria for the naïve state by growth characteristics, antibody labeling profile, gene expression, X-inactivation profile, mitochondrial morphology, microRNA profile and development in the context of teratomas. hESCs can exist in a naïve state without the need for transgenes. Direct derivation is an elusive, but attainable, process, leading to cells at the earliest stage of in vitro pluripotency described for humans. Reverse toggling of primed cells to naïve is efficient and reproducible.