The utility of cell-free nucleic acids in monitoring cancer has been recognized by both scientists and clinicians. In addition to human transcripts, a fraction of cell-free nucleic acids in human ...plasma were proven to be derived from microbes and reported to have relevance to cancer. To obtain a better understanding of plasma cell-free RNAs (cfRNAs) in cancer patients, we profiled cfRNAs in ~300 plasma samples of 5 cancer types (colorectal cancer, stomach cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, and esophageal cancer) and healthy donors (HDs) with RNA-seq. Microbe-derived cfRNAs were consistently detected by different computational methods when potential contaminations were carefully filtered. Clinically relevant signals were identified from human and microbial reads, and enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways of downregulated human genes and higher prevalence torque teno viruses both suggest that a fraction of cancer patients were immunosuppressed. Our data support the diagnostic value of human and microbe-derived plasma cfRNAs for cancer detection, as an area under the ROC curve of approximately 0.9 for distinguishing cancer patients from HDs was achieved. Moreover, human and microbial cfRNAs both have cancer type specificity, and combining two types of features could distinguish tumors of five different primary locations with an average recall of 60.4%. Compared to using human features alone, adding microbial features improved the average recall by approximately 8%. In summary, this work provides evidence for the clinical relevance of human and microbe-derived plasma cfRNAs and their potential utilities in cancer detection as well as the determination of tumor sites.
Background Moderate and late preterm (MLPT) birth accounts for the vast majority of preterm births, which is a global public health problem. The association between MLPT and neurobehavioral ...developmental delays in children and the underlying biological mechanisms need to be further revealed. The "placenta-brain axis" (PBA) provides a new perspective for gene regulation and risk prediction of neurodevelopmental delays in MLPT children. Methods The authors performed multivariate logistic regression models between MLPT and children's neurodevelopmental outcomes, using data from 129 MLPT infants and 3136 full-term controls from the Ma'anshan Birth Cohort (MABC). Furthermore, the authors identified the abnormally regulated PBA-related genes in MLPT placenta by bioinformatics analysis of RNA-seq data and RT-qPCR verification on independent samples. Finally, the authors established the prediction model of neurodevelopmental delay in children with MLPT using multiple machine learning models. Results The authors found an increased risk of neurodevelopmental delay in children with MLPT at 6 months, 18 months, and 48 months, especially in boys. Further verification showed that APOE and CST3 genes were significantly correlated with the developmental levels of gross-motor domain, fine-motor domain, and personal social domain in 6-month-old male MLPT children. Conclusions These findings suggested that there was a sex-specific association between MLPT and neurodevelopmental delays. Moreover, APOE and CST3 were identified as placental biomarkers. The results provided guidance for the etiology investigation, risk prediction, and early intervention of neurodevelopmental delays in children with MLPT. Keywords: Moderate and late preterm, Neurodevelopment, Birth cohort, Placenta, RNA biomarker, Transcriptome, Machine learning
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Silica glass samples were implanted with 1.157
GeV
56Fe and 1.755
GeV
136Xe ions to fluences range from 1
×
10
11 to 3.8
×
10
12 ions/cm
2. Virgin and irradiated samples were investigated by ...ultraviolet (UV) absorption from 3 to 6.4
eV and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The UV absorption investigation reveals the presence of various color centers (E′ center, non-bridging oxygen hole center (NBOHC) and ODC(II)) appearing in the irradiated samples. It is found that the concentration of all color centers increase with the increase of fluence and tend to saturation at high fluence. Furthermore the concentration of E′ center and that of NBOHC is approximately equal and both scale better with the energy deposition through processes of electronic stopping, indicating that E′ center and NBOHC are mainly produced simultaneously from the scission of strained Si–O–Si bond by electronic excitation effects in heavy ion irradiated silica glass. The PL measurement shows three emissions peaked at about 4.28
eV (α band), 3.2
eV (β band) and 2.67
eV (γ band) when excited at 5
eV. The intensities of α and γ bands increase with the increase of fluence and tend to saturation at high fluence. The intensity of β band is at its maximum in virgin silica glass and it is reduced on increasing the ions fluence. It is further confirmed that nuclear energy loss processes determine the production of α and γ bands and electronic energy loss processes determine the bleaching of β band in heavy ion irradiated silica glass.
Thermally grown amorphous SiO2 （a-SiOz） films were implanted at room temperature （RT） with 100 keV C-ions to 5.0× 10^17 ions/cm2. These samples were irradiated at RT with 853 MeV Pb-ions to 1.0x 1012 ...and 5.0× 10^12 ions/cm2. Then the samples were investigated using Transmission Electron Microscopy （TEM） at RT. Significant microstructure modifications were observed in C-doped a-SiO2/Si samples after high energy Pb-ion irradiations, and the formation of new structures depended strongly on the Pb-ion irradiation fluences. For example, tracks in high density were observed in a 1.0× 10^12 Pb/cm2 irradiated and C-doped sample. Additionally, the length of tracks grows, and a large number of 8H-SiC nanocrystals can be seen in the film when irradiation fluence is increased to 5.0× 10^12 Pb/cm2. Possible modification processes of C-doped a-SiO2 under swift heavy ion irradiations are briefly discussed.
Polymer films including polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polystyrene (PS) and polycarbonate (PC) were irradiated at room temperature with ions of 35 MeV/u
40Ar, 25 MeV/u
84Kr, 15.1 MeV/u
136Xe and ...11.4 MeV/u
238U to fluences ranging from 9×10
9 to 5.5×10
12 ions/cm
2. The radiation-induced chemical changes of the materials were investigated by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and ultraviolet/visible spectroscopies. It is found that the absorbance in the ultraviolet and visible range induced by all irradiations follows a linear relationship with fluence. The radiation-induced absorbance normalized to one particle increases slowly with increasing of electronic energy loss below about 8 keV/nm followed by a sharp increase up to about 15 keV/nm above which saturation is reached. FTIR measurements reveal that the materials suffer serious degradation through bond breaking. The absorbance of the typical infrared bands decays exponentially with increase of ion fluence and the bond-disruption cross-section shows a sigmoid variation with electronic energy loss. In PET loss of crystallinity is attributed to the configuration transformation of the ethylene glycol residue from trans into the gauche. Alkyne end groups are induced in all the materials above certain electronic energy loss threshold, which is found to be about 0.8 keV/nm for PS and 0.4 keV/nm for PC. The production cross-section of alkyne end group increases with increasing of electronic energy loss and shows saturation at high electronic energy loss values. It is concluded that not only the physical processes but also the chemical processes of the energy deposition determine the modification of polymer.
Long extracellular RNAs (exRNAs) in plasma can be profiled by new sequencing technologies, even with low abundance. However, cancer-related exRNAs and their variations remain understudied.
We ...investigated different variations (i.e. differential expression, alternative splicing, alternative polyadenylation, and differential editing) in diverse long exRNA species (e.g. long noncoding RNAs and circular RNAs) using 79 plasma exosomal RNA-seq (exoRNA-seq) datasets of multiple cancer types. We then integrated 53 exoRNA-seq datasets and 65 self-profiled cell-free RNA-seq (cfRNA-seq) datasets to identify recurrent variations in liver cancer patients. We further combined TCGA tissue RNA-seq datasets and validated biomarker candidates by RT-qPCR in an individual cohort of more than 100 plasma samples. Finally, we used machine learning models to identify a signature of 3 noncoding RNAs for the detection of liver cancer.
We found that different types of RNA variations identified from exoRNA-seq data were enriched in pathways related to tumorigenesis and metastasis, immune, and metabolism, suggesting that cancer signals can be detected from long exRNAs. Subsequently, we identified more than 100 recurrent variations in plasma from liver cancer patients by integrating exoRNA-seq and cfRNA-seq datasets. From these datasets, 5 significantly up-regulated long exRNAs were confirmed by TCGA data and validated by RT-qPCR in an independent cohort. When using machine learning models to combine two of these validated circular and structured RNAs (
) with a miRNA (
) as a panel to classify liver cancer patients from healthy donors, the average AUROC of the cross-validation was 89.4%. The selected 3-RNA panel successfully detected 79.2% AFP-negative samples and 77.1% early-stage liver cancer samples in the testing and validation sets.
Our study revealed that different types of RNA variations related to cancer can be detected in plasma and identified a 3-RNA detection panel for liver cancer, especially for AFP-negative and early-stage patients.
Polycarbonate (Makrofol kg) film stacks were irradiated by 15.14 MeV/amu Xe
136 and 11.4 MeV/amu U
238 in the electronic stopping power range (7.6–17.1 keV/nm) and the fluence range from 9×10
9 to ...1×10
12 ions/cm
2. The chemical degradation of the function group was investigated by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and the crystallinity was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement. FTIR results reveal that the material suffers serious degradation after irradiation. The alkyne group was found after irradiation and their formation cross-sections were evaluated. XRD measurements show the decrease of the main XRD peak intensity, confirming that the material to be amorphised under irradiation. The ion induced amorphisation cross-section was extracted from the fitting of the experimental data for different electronic energy loss irradiations. The degradation cross-section, the formation cross-section and the amorphisation cross-section versus electronic energy loss were discussed.
Introduction Lithium iron phosphate battery storage power plants are an important basis for new power systems to consume large-scale new energy, however, the thermal runaway of battery cells ...seriously threatens the operational safety of storage power plants. It is important to conduct real-time monitoring and scientific warning of local overheating in storage power plants. Method In this work, a thermal microcapsule with the ability to sense overheating temperature and produce colour changes was prepared and added in appropriate amounts to an epoxy resin matrix to form a composite insulating material with the characteristics of sensing external overheating temperature fields. Result Test results show that the colour of the prepared thermosensitive microcapsule/epoxy insulating temperature indication coating can change sensitively with external temperature changes, with a sudden colour change occurring at around 60 °C. When the doping mass fraction of the thermosensitive microcapsules is 0.25%, the insulation strength and dielectric properties of the composite coating are comparable to those of the pure epoxy resin material, maintaining good intrinsic electrical properties. Conclusion The thermosensitive colour-changing composite insulation coating proposed in the study can visibly change the temperature of the external local overheating state, providing a new technical route for the application of thermal runaway warning in energy storage power plants, which has certain engineering application value.
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