Neural networks have been used to achieve impressive performance in Natural Language Processing (NLP). Among all algorithms, RNN is a widely used architecture for text classification tasks. The main ...challenge in sentiment classification is the quantification of the connections between context words in a sentence. Even though various types and structures of model have been proposed, they encounter the problem of gradient vanishing and are unlikely to show the full potential of the network. In this work, we present a new RNN model based on the self-attention mechanism to improve the performance while dealing with long sentences and whole documents. Empirical results show that our model outperforms the state-of-art algorithms.
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•Loofah sponge-derived 3D porous activated carbon is facilely prepared.•Hierarchical pores are constructed in the resulting SAC-x architecture.•SAC-4 exhibits excellent capacity ...performance in the three- and two-electrode systems.•The resulting materials have tremendous potentials for the energy storage applications.
Biomass carbon source is generally cheap, environmentally friendly and readily available in high quality and quantity. In this work, a series of loofah sponge-derived activated carbon (SAC-x) with hierarchical porous structures are prepared by KOH chemical activation and used as electrode materials for supercapacitors. The pore size can be easily controllable by changing the dosage of KOH. The optimized material (SAC-4) exhibits a high specific capacitance of 309.6Fg−1 at 1Ag−1 in the three-electrode system using 6M KOH electrolyte. More importantly, the as-assembled symmetric supercapacitor based on SAC-4 exhibits a high energy density of 16.1Whkg−1 at a power density of 160.0Wkg−1 using 1M Na2SO4 electrolyte. These remarkable results demonstrate the exciting commercial potential of SAC-x for high-performance supercapacitor applications due to their high specific surface area, appropriately porous structure, and the trace heteroatom (O and N) functionalities.
The metal‐hydride hydrogen atom transfer (MHAT) method is widely recognized as a powerful technique for functionalizing alkenes. However, its application in the functionalization of industrial ...feedstock dienes and allenes is relatively rare due to challenges related to chemo‐selectivity. In recent studies, Co‐porphines have been identified as highly efficient catalysts under photoirradiation for MHAT, demonstrating an exceptional level of chemoselectivity for the functionalization of dienes and allenes, while disregarding other simple olefins present. This novel method enables the selective reductive coupling of pyridines with dienes and the allylation of aldehydes by the combination with Ti catalysis. Mechanistic studies and density functional theory (DFT) calculations support the idea that the non‐reversible transfer of hydrogen atoms from cobalt hydride to dienes and allenes, leading to the generation of allyl radicals, is the key step in the catalytic cycle.
Co‐porphines have been recognized as exceptionally efficient catalysts for the photoirradiation‐induced chemoselective functionalization of dienes and allenes while disregarding other simple olefins present.
Quality control can decrease variations in the performance of colonoscopists and improve the effectiveness of colonoscopy to prevent colorectal cancers. Unfortunately, routine quality control is ...difficult to carry out because a practical method is lacking. The aim of this study was to develop an automatic quality control system (AQCS) and assess whether it could improve polyp and adenoma detection in clinical practice.
First, we developed AQCS based on deep convolutional neural network models for timing of the withdrawal phase, supervising withdrawal stability, evaluating bowel preparation, and detecting colorectal polyps. Next, consecutive patients were prospectively randomized to undergo routine colonoscopies with or without the assistance of AQCS. The primary outcome of the study was the adenoma detection rate (ADR) in the AQCS and control groups.
A total of 659 patients were enrolled and randomized. A total of 308 and 315 patients were analyzed in the AQCS and control groups, respectively. AQCS significantly increased the ADR (0.289 vs 0.165, P < .001) and the mean number of adenomas per procedure (0.367 vs 0.178, P < .001) compared with the control group. A significant increase was also observed in the polyp detection rate (0.383 vs 0.254, P = .001) and the mean number of polyps detected per procedure (0.575 vs 0.305, P < .001). In addition, the withdrawal time (7.03 minutes vs 5.68 minutes, P < .001) and adequate bowel preparation rate (87.34% vs 80.63%, P = .023) were superior for the AQCS group.
AQCS could effectively improve the performance of colonoscopists during the withdrawal phase and significantly increase polyp and adenoma detection. (Clinical trial registration number: NCT03622281.)
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In recent decades, many applications in the literature for partial differential equations have been proposed. In this paper, we aim to determine novel wave solutions for the ...Calogero-Bogoyavlenskii-Schiff equation that have not been found in previous works. This equation has many applications in explaining the wave profiles in soliton theory. To reach the main results of this article, we have employed an efficient technique, namely the generalized exponential rational function method. Using the method, abundant analytical solutions are proposed that have not been obtained for the model in the existing literature. For a better description of the dynamic properties of the obtained solutions, several three-dimensional diagrams have been plotted. The results confirm that the employed technique is very simple, effective, and powerful (compare to other existing methods) for solving higher-dimensional nonlinear problems arising in mathematics, and physics. The Mathematica software has been employed to perform numerical calculations and draw diagrams.
Abstract
We conduct a numerical study exploring the rotation of a symmetric gear driven by chiral particles in a two-dimensional box with periodic boundary conditions. The symmetric gear is submerged ...in a sea of chiral active particles. Surprisingly, even though the gear is perfectly symmetric, the microscopic random motion of chiral active particles can be converted into macroscopic directional rotation of the gear. (i) In the case of zero alignment interaction, the direction of rotation of the gear is determined by the chirality of active particles. Optimal parameters (the chirality, self-propelled speed, and packing traction) exist, at which the rotational speed reaches its maximum value. (ii) When considering a finite alignment interaction, alignment interactions between particles play an important role in driving the gear to rotate. The direction of rotation is dictated by the competition between the chirality of active particles and the alignment interactions between them. By tuning the system parameters, we can observe multiple rotation reversals. Our findings are relevant to understanding how the macroscopic rotation of a gear connects to the microscopic random motion of active particles.
Lignocellulosic biomass has gained growing interest as a promising substitute for the production of renewable and sustainable chemicals and fuels as the dwindling fossil-fuel reserves. Pyrolysis ...without using any chemical reagent is an effective method to depolymerize cellulose into kinds of value-added chemicals. Herein, we summarized recent progress about non-catalytic and catalytic pyrolysis of cellulose into specific chemicals, including levoglucosan, 1-hydroxy-3,6-dioxabicyclo3.2.1octan-2-one, levoglucosenone, furans, aromatics, and olefins via dehydration, aromatization, and aldol condensation, etc. An analysis and summary of the optimal conditions of these value-added chemicals by catalytic pyrolysis of cellulose are benefit to develop better production methods. In addition, the potential challenges and future perspectives for the pyrolysis of cellulose to chemicals are also discussed to provide a feasible direction for relevant researchers to advance industrialization.
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•Pyrolysis of cellulose to specific value-added chemicals is systemically reviewed.•The formation mechanisms of cellulose-derived chemicals are summarized.•An analysis and summary of previous results are benefit to improve the product productions.•Future directions and perspectives for pyrolysis of cellulose to chemicals are outlined.
The development of highly efficient and robust photocatalysts has attracted great attention for solving the global energy crisis and environmental problems. Herein, we describe the synthesis of a p–n ...heterostructured photocatalyst, consisting of ZnO nanorod arrays (NRAs) decorated with BiOI nanoplates (NPs), by a facile solvothermal method. The product thus obtained shows high photoelectrochemical water splitting performance and enhanced photoelectrocatalytic activity for pollutant degradation under visible light irradiation. The p‐type BiOI NPs, with a narrow band gap, not only act as a sensitizer to absorb visible light and promote electron transfer to the n‐type ZnO NRAs, but also increase the contact area with organic pollutants. Meanwhile, ZnO NRAs provide a fast electron‐transfer channel, thus resulting in efficient separation of photoinduced electron–hole pairs. Such a p–n heterojunction nanocomposite could serve as a novel and promising catalyst in energy and environmental applications.
Improved electron–hole separation: ZnO nanorod arrays have been decorated with BiOI nanoplates. The p–n heterojunction thus obtained plays a significant role in photoelectrocatalytic processes, where the BiOI nanoplates provide reaction sites for the degradation of organic pollutants, and the ZnO nanorods provide a fast transfer channel for electrons, which are ultimately transported to the counter electrode along an FTO substrate (see figure; FTO=fluorine‐doped tin oxide).
AIM To determine the influence of Smoc2 on hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) cell proliferation and to find a possible new therapeutic target for preventing HCC progression.METHODS We detected expression ...of Smoc2 in HCC tissues and corresponding non-tumor liver(CNL) tissues using PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry methods. Subsequently, we down-regulated and upregulated Smoc2 expression using siR NA and lentivirus transfection assay, respectively. Then, we identified the effect of Smoc2 on cell proliferation and cell cycle using CCK-8 and flow cytometry, respectively. The common cell growth signaling influenced by Smoc2 was detected by western blot assay. RESULTS The expression of Smoc2 was significantly higher in HCC tissues compared with CNL tissues. Overexpression of Smoc2 promoted HCC cell proliferation and cell cycle progression. Down-regulation of Smoc2 led to inhibition of cell proliferation and cell cycle progression. Smoc2 had positive effect on ERK and AKT signaling.CONCLUSION Smoc2 promotes the proliferation of HCC cells through accelerating cell cycle progression and might act as an anti-cancer therapeutic target in the future.
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