There is no consensus on whether cognitive control over food intake (that is, restrained eating) is helpful, merely ineffective or actually harmful in weight management. We examined the interplay ...between genetic risk of obesity, restrained eating and changes in body weight and size.
Participants were Finnish aged 25-74 years who attended the DIetary, Lifestyle and Genetic determinants of Obesity and Metabolic syndrome study at baseline in 2007 and follow-up in 2014. At baseline (n=5024), height, weight and waist circumference (WC) were measured in a health examination and participants self-reported their weight at age 20 years. At follow-up (n=3735), height, weight and WC were based on measured or self-reported information. We calculated 7-year change in body mass index (BMI) and WC and annual weight change from age 20 years to baseline. Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18 was used to assess restrained eating. Genetic risk of obesity was assessed by calculating a polygenic risk score of 97 known BMI-related loci.
Cross-lagged autoregressive models indicated that baseline restrained eating was unrelated to 7-year change in BMI (β=0.00; 95% confidence interval (CI)=-0.01, 0.02). Instead, higher baseline BMI predicted greater 7-year increases in restrained eating (β=0.08; 95% CI=0.05, 0.11). Similar results were obtained with WC. Polygenic risk score correlated positively with restrained eating and obesity indicators in both study phases, but it did not predict 7-year change in BMI or WC. However, individuals with higher genetic risk of obesity tended to gain more weight from age 20 years to baseline, and this association was more pronounced in unrestrained eaters than in restrained eaters (P=0.038 for interaction).
Our results suggest that restrained eating is a marker for previous weight gain rather than a factor that leads to future weight gain in middle-aged adults. Genetic influences on weight gain from early to middle adulthood may vary according to restrained eating, but this finding needs to be replicated in future studies.
The accumulation of fat, especially in visceral sites, is a significant risk factor for several chronic diseases with altered cardiometabolic homeostasis. We studied how intensive long-term weight ...loss and subsequent weight regain affect physiological changes, by longitudinally interrogating the lipid metabolism and white blood cell transcriptomic markers in healthy, normal-weight individuals. The current study examined 42 healthy, young (age: 27.5 ± 4.0 years), normal-weight (body mass index, BMI: 23.4 ± 1.7 kg/m
) female athletes, of which 25 belong to the weight loss and regain group (diet group), and 17 to the control group. Participants were evaluated, and fasting blood samples were drawn at three time points: at baseline (PRE); at the end of the weight loss period (MID: 21.1 ± 3.1 weeks after PRE); and at the end of the weight regain period (POST: 18.4 ± 2.9 weeks after MID). Following the weight loss period, the diet group experienced a ~73% reduction (~0.69 kg) in visceral fat mass (false discovery rate, FDR < 2.0 × 10
), accompanied by anti-atherogenic effects on transcriptomic markers, decreased low-grade inflammation (e.g., as α
-acid glycoprotein (FDR = 3.08 × 10
) and hs-CRP (FDR = 2.44 × 10
)), and an increase in functionally important anti-atherogenic high-density lipoprotein -associated metabolites (FDR < 0.05). This occurred even though these values were already at favorable levels in these participants, who follow a fitness-lifestyle compared to age- and BMI-matched females from the general population (n = 58). Following the weight regain period, most of the observed beneficial changes in visceral fat mass, and metabolomic and transcriptomic profiles dissipated. Overall, the beneficial anti-atherogenic effects of weight loss can be observed even in previously healthy, normal-weight individuals.
A comprehensive feline health survey was conducted to reveal breed-specific inheritable diseases in Finnish pedigree cats for genetic research. Prevalence of 19 disease categories and 227 feline ...diseases were defined in a study population of 8175 cats belonging to 30 breeds. Dental and oral diseases, with a prevalence of 28%, and dental calculus and gingivitis (21 and 8%, respectively) were the most prevalent disease category and diseases among all cats and in most of the breeds. An exception was Korats, which were more often affected by the diseases of the respiratory tract (23%) and asthma (19%). Other prevalent disease categories affected various organ systems, such as the skin (12%), the urinary system (12%), the digestive tract (11%), eyes (10%), the musculoskeletal system (10%), and genitals of female cats (17%). Prevalent health or developmental issues included repetitive vomiting (4%), tail kink (4%), feline odontoclastic resorption lesion (4%), urinary tract infections (4%), as well as cesarean section (6%) and stillborn kittens (6%) among female cats. We found 57 breed-specific conditions by Fisher's exact tests and logistic regression analyses, including 32 previously described and 19 new breed-specific diseases. The genetic defect has already been found in six of them: polycystic kidney disease, progressive retinal atrophy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and three types of tail malformations. Behavioral profiling revealed breed-specific traits, such as an increased human avoidance in British Short and Longhairs and a higher level of aggression in Turkish vans. Our epidemiological study reveals the overall health profile in Finnish pure and mixed breed cats and identifies many breed-specific conditions without molecular identity for genetic research.
The aim of the study was to explore the parent-of-origin effects (POEs) on a range of human nuclear magnetic resonance metabolites.
We search for POEs in 14,815 unrelated individuals from Estonian ...and Finnish cohorts using POE method for the genotype data imputed with 1000 G reference panel and 82 nuclear magnetic resonance metabolites.
Meta-analysis revealed the evidence of POE for the variant rs1412727 in PTPRD gene for the metabolite: triglycerides in medium very low-density lipoprotein. No POEs were detected for genetic variants that were previously known to have main effect on circulating metabolites.
We demonstrated possibility to detect POEs for human metabolites, but the POEs are weak, and therefore it is hard to detect those using currently available sample sizes.
Tässä kirjallisuuskatsauksessa tarkastellaan, millaista metsien monimuotoisuutta kuvaavaa tietoa voidaan saada nykyaikaisen kaukokartoitus- ja sensoritekniikan avulla. Käsittely keskittyy Suomeen, ...Ruotsiin ja Norjaan, missä metsät, ilmasto-olot ja teknologiset valmiudet sekä käytetyt teknologiat ovat samankaltaisia. Laserkeilaimia ja kuvantavia monikanavasensoreita voidaan asentaa monenlaisille liikkuville alustoille: satelliitteihin, lentokoneisiin, drooneihin ja metsäkoneisiin. Mitä lähempää kohdetta havainnoidaan, sitä tarkempaa tietoa saadaan, mutta sitä pienempi on myös kerralla havainnoitu pinta-ala. Yleisesti käytetyistä monimuotoisuuden indikaattoreista suurikokoisten säästöpuiden määrää, puuston eri-ikäisrakenteisuutta ja vesistöjen suojavyöhykkeitä voidaan havainnoida suhteellisen luotettavasti Suomessa laajalti saatavilla olevilla lentolaserkeilausaineistoilla. Lahopuun ja vähälukuisten puulajien, kuten haavan (Populus tremula L.), tunnistaminen onnistuu tällä hetkellä esimerkiksi droonien avulla pienille alueille kerrallaan, mutta riittävän tarkan tiedon saaminen suuralueille vaatii nykyistä tarkemman tekniikan käyttöönottamista lentokoneilla tehtävissä kartoituksissa. Tietyille eläin- ja kasvilajeille sopivia elinympäristöjä voidaan kartoittaa suuriltakin alueilta, mutta esimerkiksi pintakasvillisuudesta ei käytännössä vielä saada riittävän tarkkoja suoria havaintoja. Kaukokartoitus soveltuu kuitenkin hyvin maastoinventointien kohdentamiseen oikeisiin paikkoihin. Metsäkonetietoa hyödyntämällä on mahdollista dokumentoida hakkuissa tehdyt tekopökkelöt ja säästöpuuryhmän tai muun käsittelemättömän alueen, esimerkiksi vesistön tai pienveden suojavyöhykkeen, avainbiotoopin, suojeltavan alueen tai riistatiheikön ympäriltä hakatut rungot. Hyödynnettäessä metsäkonetietoa metsäluonnon monimuotoisuuden mittaamisessa ja seurannassa tärkein asia juuri nyt on parantaa hakkuukoneen hakkuulaitteen sijaintitiedon tarkkuutta anturoimalla hakkuukoneen puomi. Tulevaisuudessa tavoitteena on oltava automatisoitu metsäluonnon monimuotoisuuden mittaaminen ja dokumentointi puunkorjuuoperaatioiden yhteydessä, mikä edellyttää metsäkoneen sensorointia. Tarkan, automatisoidun monimuotoisuustiedon tuottaminen metsäkoneissa olevilla sensoreilla on todennäköisesti mahdollista toteuttaa tällä vuosikymmenellä. Yhteenvetona kaukokartoitus- ja sensoritekniikka mahdollistaa tulevaisuudessa huomattavasti nykyistä tarkemman metsien monimuotoisuutta kuvaavan tiedon keräämisen myös suuralueilta. Tarkimpaan lopputulokseen päästään yhdistämällä useista eri lähteistä peräisin olevia tietoja.
Water is a vital resource for humans, but there is a lack of understanding about its value. The tourism industry will need more water because there are more tourists, hotel standards are getting ...better, and there are more water-intensive tourist activities. Climate change is also anticipated to affect the water supply. This study aims to investigate the role of the tourism sector in water resource depletion in Azerbaijan, a country facing water scarcity, and recommend actions for the hotel industry. This research employed a comprehensive analysis of published articles in high-ranked journals to investigate the impact of tourism on water resource depletion in Azerbaijan. The study also analyzed the current state of water resources in the country and identified the major factors contributing to their depletion. The study found that the tourism industry in Azerbaijan significantly contributes to the depletion of water resources through increased water consumption and wastewater production. The analysis also revealed that the major factors affecting water resources in the country include increasing urbanization and global warming. The study recommends that the hotel industry take action to reduce their water consumption and wastewater production to mitigate the impact of tourism on water resources. Additionally, the study proposes that policymakers should prioritize sustainable water resource management practices to ensure the availability of water resources for future generations.
We evaluated the consistency of video, ordinary photo, and panoramic photo surveys in measuring the attractiveness (recreational use, scenic values etc.) of forest stands managed with varying ...intensities. We also evaluated possible effects on the results caused by the personal background of citizen respondents and how the respondents experienced the evaluation events. Our experimental sites were in mature Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forests in eastern Finland and included two replicate sites which were unharvested (control, basal area 26 m2 ha–1), a selective cutting site (basal area 18 m2 ha–1), small openings sites (gap cut) with 5 and 20% retained trees, respectively, and one site which was clear cut with 3% retained trees. In our study, 71 volunteer forestry students evaluated the attractiveness of these sites from an ordinary photo, a panoramic photo, and a video, with a 0–10 scale. Based on this study, the unharvested forest was the most attractive and clear cutting was the least attractive, regardless of the evaluation method. This result was in line with a previous study using on-site evaluations of the same sites. The differences of respondents considering in how easy they felt to assess the attractiveness of the environment as a whole and in using different visualisation methods affected the result, unlike background variables of the respondents. The results of forest attractiveness were consistent between panoramic and ordinary photos, and the attractiveness scoring was slightly higher for them than for the video. We conclude that all the compared visualisation methods seem to be suitable for assessment of the attractiveness of forest views.
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