Two species of Listeria are pathogenic; L. monocytogenes infects humans and animals, and L. ivanovii has been considered to infect ruminants only. We report L. ivanovii-associated gastroenteritis and ...bacteremia in a man. This isolate was indistinguishable from prototypic ruminant strains. L. ivanovii is thus an enteric opportunistic human pathogen.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is generally regarded as an important animal pathogen that rarely infects humans. Clinical strains are occasionally recovered from human cases of lymphadenitis, ...such as C. pseudotuberculosis FRC41 that was isolated from the inguinal lymph node of a 12-year-old girl with necrotizing lymphadenitis. To detect potential virulence factors and corresponding gene-regulatory networks in this human isolate, the genome sequence of C. pseudotuberculosis FCR41 was determined by pyrosequencing and functionally annotated.
Sequencing and assembly of the C. pseudotuberculosis FRC41 genome yielded a circular chromosome with a size of 2,337,913 bp and a mean G+C content of 52.2%. Specific gene sets associated with iron and zinc homeostasis were detected among the 2,110 predicted protein-coding regions and integrated into a gene-regulatory network that is linked with both the central metabolism and the oxidative stress response of FRC41. Two gene clusters encode proteins involved in the sortase-mediated polymerization of adhesive pili that can probably mediate the adherence to host tissue to facilitate additional ligand-receptor interactions and the delivery of virulence factors. The prominent virulence factors phospholipase D (Pld) and corynebacterial protease CP40 are encoded in the genome of this human isolate. The genome annotation revealed additional serine proteases, neuraminidase H, nitric oxide reductase, an invasion-associated protein, and acyl-CoA carboxylase subunits involved in mycolic acid biosynthesis as potential virulence factors. The cAMP-sensing transcription regulator GlxR plays a key role in controlling the expression of several genes contributing to virulence.
The functional data deduced from the genome sequencing and the extended knowledge of virulence factors indicate that the human isolate C. pseudotuberculosis FRC41 is equipped with a distinct gene set promoting its survival under unfavorable environmental conditions encountered in the mammalian host.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Bacteriology of hidradenitis suppurativa/acne inversa: A review Nikolakis, Georgios, MD, PhD; Join-Lambert, Olivier, MD, PhD; Karagiannidis, Ioannis, MD ...
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology,
11/2015, Letnik:
73, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Given that follicular papules and pustules, as well as nodules and abscesses, are the clinical hallmarks of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), an infectious, bacterial pathway has been suspected in the ...pathogenesis of this chronic, inflammatory condition. Elucidating the behavior and role of bacterial species in HS and their interaction with cutaneous innate immunity will provide more insight into the pathophysiology of this condition. This review of prospective investigations suggests a synergistic relationship between impaired innate immunity and microbial factors in the etiology of HS.
Purpose
Fluorescein is commonly used in ophthalmology to confirm a diagnostic of corneal ulceration. In case of infectious keratitis, microbiological investigations are necessary involving anesthetic ...eye drops administration and corneal sampling. An antibacterial activity has already been described associated with anesthetic eye drops yielding therefore a risk of false negative result. However fluorescein influence has never been studied. This study was aimed at evaluating antibacterial in vitro activity for fluorescein and for most common anesthetic eye drops.
Methods
The most frequently isolated germs in case of infectious keratitis (S. epidermidis, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, S. pneumoniae, M. lacunata, M. catarrhalis and C. macginleyi) have been tested. The determination of the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for the different eye drops (0.5% fluorescein, 0.4% oxybuprocaine and 1% tetracaine) was achieved by microdilution in liquid medium.
Results
Fluorescein did not exhibit antibacterial activity for most germs (MICs > 2500 mg/L) except for Moraxella (M. catarrhalis and M. lacunata), for which the MICs observed were 1250 mg/L and 625 mg/L respectively and corresponding to a dilution of 1/4 and 1/8 of the commercial solution.
Conclusion
At the usual concentration of 0.5% (5 g/L), fluorescein does exhibit antibacterial activity for Moraxella bacteria. Therefore, it is essential to properly wash the eye with sterile physiological serum before sampling in order to eliminate fluorescein and local anesthetic.
Although hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is not primarily an infectious disease, antibiotics are widely used to treat HS. Recent microbiological data show that HS suppurating lesions are associated ...with a polymorphous anaerobic flora, including actinomycetes and milleri group streptococci, and can therefore be considered as polymicrobial soft tissue and skin infections. Analysis of the literature provides little information on the efficacy of antibiotics in HS but suggests a beneficial effect of certain antimicrobial treatments, depending on the clinical severity of the disease. Patients must be informed and should agree with the treatment strategy before starting antibiotic treatments.
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a skin disease characterized by recurrent nodules or abscesses and chronic suppurating lesions. In the absence of clear pathophysiology, HS is considered to be an ...inflammatory disease and has no satisfactory medical treatment. Recently, prolonged antimicrobial treatments were shown to improve or resolve HS lesions. We prospectively studied the microbiology of 102 HS lesions sampled from 82 patients using prolonged bacterial cultures and bacterial metagenomics on 6 samples. Staphylococcus lugdunensis was cultured as a unique or predominant isolate from 58% of HS nodules and abscesses, and a polymicrobial anaerobic microflora comprising strict anaerobes, milleri group streptococci, and actinomycetes was found in 24% of abscesses or nodules and in 87% of chronic suppurating lesions. These data show that bacteria known to cause soft tissue and skin infections are associated with HS lesions. Whether these pathogens are the cause of the lesions or are secondary infectious agents, these findings support targeted antimicrobial treatment of HS.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
In recent years, MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry (MS) method has emerged as a promising and a reliable tool for bacteria identification. In this study we compared Bruker MALDI-TOF MS and conventional ...phenotypic methods to identify a collection of 333 Gram-positive clinical isolates comprising 22 genera and 60 species. 16S rRNA sequencing was the reference molecular technique, and rpoB gene sequecing was used as a secondary gene target when 16Sr RNA did not allow species identification of Corynebacterium spp. We also investigate if score cut-offs values of ≥ 1,5 and ≥ 1,7 were accurate for genus and species-level identification using the Bruker system. Identification at species level was obtained for 92,49% of Gram-positive rods by MALDI-TOF MS compared to 85,89% by phenotypic method. Our data validates the score ≥ 1,5 for genus level and ≥ 1,7 for species-level identification in a large and diverse collection of Gram-positive rods. The present study has proved the accuracy of MALDI-TOF MS as an identification method in Gram-positive rods compared to currently used methods in routine laboratories.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Nocardiosis is a rare cause of infection that usually affects immunocompromised adult patients and might not be recognized by pediatricians. We report a fatal case of disseminated nocardiosis in a ...previously healthy child initially admitted for an abdominal mass with suspicion of a renal malignant tumor. The patient, originating from Mali without any medical history, displayed abdominal pain with progressive altered general status. Laboratory and imaging findings revealed lymphocytic meningitis and disseminated abscesses in the brain and the cerebellum and a large number of cystic lesions of the kidney. Despite being administered wide-spectrum antibiotics and antituberculous and antifungal therapies with an external ventricular drainage for intracranial hypertension, the patient died 6 days after his admission.
spp was cultured from a renal biopsy and the cerebrospinal fluid. Species identification and antibiotic susceptibility were obtained later, revealing a multidrug-resistant isolate of the
complex. This case reveals the difficulties of diagnosing nocardiosis, in particular in children not known to be immunocompromised, because we face multiple differential diagnoses and the importance of treating nocardiosis appropriately because of intrinsic resistance issues.
The facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes induces severe fetal infection during pregnancy. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms allowing the maternofetal ...transmission of bacteria. In this work, we studied fetoplacental invasion by infecting mice with various mutants lacking virulence factors involved in the intracellular life cycle of L. monocytogenes. We found that the placenta was highly susceptible to bacteria, including avirulent bacteria, such as an L. monocytogenes mutant with an hly deletion (ΔLLO) and a nonpathogenic species, Listeria innocua, suggesting that permissive trophoblastic cells, trapping bacteria, provide a protective niche for bacterial survival. The ΔLLO mutant, which is unable to escape the phagosomal compartment of infected cells, failed to grow in the trophoblast tissue and to invade the fetus. Mutant bacteria with inlA and inlB deletion (ΔInlAB) grew in the placenta and fetus as well as did the wild-type virulent stain (EGDwt), indicating that in the murine model, internalins A and B are not involved in fetoplacental invasion by L. monocytogenes. Pregnant mice were then infected with an actA deletion (ΔActA) strain, a virulence-attenuated mutant that is unable to polymerize actin and to spread from cell to cell. With the ΔActA mutant, fetal infection occurs, but with a significant delay and restriction, and it requires a placental bacterial load 2 log units higher than that for the wild-type virulent strain. Definitive evidence for the role of ActA was provided by showing that a actA-complemented ΔActA mutant was restored in its capacity to invade fetuses. ActA-mediated cell-to-cell spreading plays a major role in the vertical transmission of L. monocytogenes to the fetus in the murine model.
PDF
