Background: Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine and metabolic disease that involves failure to use or produce insulin. Disease in DM occurs due to high levels of glucose in the blood that exceed normal ...limits. In type II DM sufferers, it is necessary to monitor and understand lifestyle behavior in self-care management, which consists of adjusting diet, physical exercise, foot care, medication, and glucose control. Self-care management (Self Care) is an individual's ability to manage self-care. The goal of self-care management is to prevent the complications of Diabetes Mellitus. Research Objectives: To find out how self-care management is in type II DM patients. Methods: This research method uses a descriptive analytic method with a total of 88 respondents. Results: The average age of the respondents was 49 years old, female (60.2%), and last education was SMA/SMK (47.7%). Occupation of housewives (46.6%), dietary compliance of DM patients is low (56.8%), moderate physical activity (44.3%), foot care compliance (55.7%), glucose control (50%), taking moderate medication (55.7%). Conclusion: The level of adherence to the diet of patients with low diabetes was 50 patients (56.8%) and high was 38 patients (43.2%), Physical activity patients with moderate diabeere 39 patients (44.3%), severe were 29 patients (33, 0%), and mild in 20 patients (22.7%), adherence to foot care in patients with adherence to 49 patients (55.7%), and non-adherence of 39 patients (44.3%), glucose control in patients with regular diabetes ( 50.0%) and irregular 44 patients (50.0%), adherence to taking medication and moderate DM as many as 49 patients (55.7%), low as many as 20 patients (22.7%) and high as many as 19 patients (21, 6%). DM patients are expected to improve self-care management behavior to improve health status and prevent further complications.
Marine Actinomycetes represent a rich and valuable source of distinct and promising substances. The genus Streptomyces in particular, has been extensively studied due to its ability to produce ...bioactive compounds and its abundance of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). However, the exclusive focus on Streptomyces has resulted in the rediscovery of known compounds. On the other hand, marine rare Actinomycetes (MRA), comprising Actinomycetes species beyond Streptomyces , also harbor a significant number of BGCs. In this article, we summarize the chemical composition, biological activity, and biosynthetic pathways of compounds sourced from MRA that have been tested in clinical trials for their potential in infection, pain relief, and anticancer treatments. Our particular emphasis lies on compounds derived from MRA associated with marine invertebrates, an area that has been comparatively underexplored when compared to MRA isolated from marine sediment and water. Some notable compounds include rifamycin SV, staurosporine, and tetrodotoxin, which are produced by actinomycetes from the genera Salinospora , Micromonospora , and Nocardiopsis . The findings of this overview shed light on the potential of MRA associated with marine invertebrates to yield intriguing compounds that could be developed into drugs. Exploring the natural products from these bacteria holds the promise of discovering novel compounds with remarkable bioactivities.
The most significant reduction in environmental quality is thought to have occurred in low-income countries, while low environmental degradation occurred in those high-income countries. Using the ...cluster purposive sampling technique, countries from 5 continents were examined to see if they had complete data and represented three categories. Seventy-eight countries were found to meet these requirements and were then used as research samples from 2015 to 2019. The Data Panel Regression technique was used to analyses the data. This study is expected to be able to produce policies in the form of a sustainable environmental management model that continues to support economic growth. This study proved that the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) phenomenon applies from 2015 to 2019 in high-income countries, and population growth rates have a significant negative impact on Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions. This means that the more prosperous a country, the less the environmental degradation, while in low-income countries, carbon emissions increase when economic growth increases. In developing countries, as the population increases, environmental degradation increases, while in low-income countries the amount of carbon emissions is affected by economic growth and population. Some compensate and subsidies low-income countries which are able to care for their environment.
Novel secondary metabolites from marine macroorganisms and marine-derived microorganisms have been intensively investigated in the last few decades. Several classes of compounds, especially indole ...alkaloids, have been a target for evaluating biological and pharmacological activities. As one of the most promising classes of compounds, indole alkaloids possess not only intriguing structural features but also a wide range of biological/pharmacological activities including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, and antiparasitic activities. This review reports the indole alkaloids isolated during the period of 2016-2021 and their relevant biological/pharmacological activities. The marine-derived indole alkaloids reported from 2016 to 2021 were collected from various scientific databases. A total of 186 indole alkaloids from various marine organisms including fungi, bacteria, sponges, bryozoans, mangroves, and algae, are described. Despite the described bioactivities, further evaluation including their mechanisms of action and biological targets is needed to determine which of these indole alkaloids are worth studying to obtain lead compounds for the development of new drugs.
Latar Belakang: Penyakit jantung atau yang dikenal juga dengan penyakit kardiovaskuler merupakan sekelompok kelainan yang terjadi pada organ jantung dan pembuluh darah yang disebabkan gangguan fungsi ...jantung dan pembuluh darah. Penelitian ini menitikberatkan pada penyakit kardiovaskuler secara fungsional, yaitu antara lain penyakit jantung koroner, angina pektoris, serangan jantung akut, gagal jantung kongestif, dan disritmia. Salah satu gejala yang seirng muncul pada pasien jantung adalah kelelahan. Terapi SEFT merupakan terapi yang dapat diberikan kepada pasien jantung untuk menurunkan tingkat kelelahan pasien jantung. Terapi SEFT merupakan terapi yang dapat diintegrasikan dengan tori kenyaman menurut Kolcaba yang menjelaskan bahwa terdapat 4 dimensi pada kenyamanan, yaitu kenyamanan fisik, kenyamanan psikospiritual, kenyamanan lingkungan, dan kenyamanan sosiokultural. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh terapi SEFT dengan pendekatan Kolcaba Comfort Theory terhadap skor kelelahan pada pasien jantung. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian Pre Eksperimental. Metode sampling yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel 22 sampel. Hasil: Berdasarkan hasil uji analisis dependent t test didapatkan nilai p sebesar 0,000 (p value < 0.05), dengan demikian dapat diartikan terdapat perbedaan skor kelelahan pasien dengan penyakit kardiovaskuler antara sebelum dan setelah intervensi terapi SEFT. Kesimpulan: Terapi SEFT dapat memberikan pengaruh untuk mengurangi kelelahan pasien dengan penyakit kardiovaskuler.
Latar Belakang : Hipertensi merupakan awal dari munculnya penyakit – penyakit katastropik. Hampir setiap tahun sebanyak delapan miliyar orang di dunia meninggal karena hipertensi dan hampir 1,5 juta ...orang setiap tahunnya di kawasan Asia Timur-Selatan meninggal karena hipertensi. Kurang lebih sebanyak sepertiga orang dewasa di Asia Timur Selatan terserang penyakit hipertensi. Salah satu faktor yang beresiko memicu seseorang terserang penyakit hipertensi adalah merokok. Merokok bisa mengakibatkan seseorang menderita hipetensi, nikotin yang terkandung di dalam rokok bisa merangsang pelepasan katekolamin. Katekolamin yang mengalami peningkatan menyebabkan iritabilitas miokardial, peningkatan denyut jantung, lalu mengakibatkan vasokontriksi yang kemudian menyebabkan tekanan darah meningkat. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui seperti apakah gambaran perilaku merokok yang mencakup pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan pada pasien Hipertensi di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Palembang Bari. Metode Penelitian : Desain Penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode deskriptif analisis yang berfungsi mendeskripsikan atau menggambarkan objek yang diteliti menggunakan data dan sampel yang terkumpul dengan jumlah sampel 45 responden. Hasil Penelitian : Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa dari 45 responden yang diteliti diperoleh (13,3%) dengan Pengetahuan Kurang, (37,8%) dengan Pengetahuan Cukup, dan (48,9%) dengan Pengetahuan Baik. Kemudian sebanyak (8,9%) memiliki Sikap Negatif, dan sebanyak (91,1%) memiliki Sikap Positif. Serta sebanyak (31,1%) memiliki Tindakan Kurang, (60,0%) dengan Tindakan Cukup, dan (8,9%) dengan Tindakan Baik. Diskusi : Pengetahuan pasien hipertensi tentang merokok masuk dalam kategori baik, sikap pasien hipertensi tentang merokok masuk kategori positif dan tindakan merokok pasien hipertensi masuk kategori cukup baik.
Twisted disease is one of the problems in shallot cultivation. The application of the biological agents Bacillus velezensis and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi is an alternative expected to overcome ...disease problems in shallot plantings. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the application of B. velezensis and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on the growth and health of shallot. The research was conducted in Gotakan, Panjatan, Kulon Progo, and the Phytopathology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. Shallot treatments with the application of biological agents were carried out either individually by soaking the bulbs in B. velezensis suspension before planting, coating the bulbs using Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus (Rhizophagus intraradices) with a carrier medium of kaolin flour before planting, and a combination of spraying the B. velezensis suspension on plants at two-week intervals during the growth period and coating the bulbs before planting with R. intraradices. The results of the study showed that the shallot-applied single application of B. velezensis reduced the intensity and incidence of twisted disease by 2.51% and 37.6%, respectively. The combination treatment of B. velezensis and R. intraradices was able to increase the resistance of bulbs to postharvest pathogen Fusarium solani infection, with infected bulbs and areas of 0.70% and 0.71%, respectively.
The coronavirus pandemic led to the announcement of a worldwide health emergency. The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, which swiftly spread worldwide, has fueled existing challenges. Appropriate ...medication is necessary to avoid severe SARS-CoV-2 disease. The human TMPRSS2 and SARS-CoV-2 Omicron spike protein, which are required for viral entry into the host phase, were identified as the target proteins through computational screening. Structure-based virtual screening; molecular docking; absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) analysis; and molecular dynamics simulation were the methods applied for TMPRSS2 and spike protein inhibitors. Bioactive marine invertebrates from Indonesia were employed as test ligands. Camostat and nafamostat (co-crystal) were utilized as reference ligands against TMPRSS2, whereas mefloquine was used as a reference ligand against spike protein. Following a molecular docking and dynamics simulation, we found that acanthomanzamine C has remarkable effectiveness against TMPRSS2 and spike protein. Compared to camostat (-8.25 kcal/mol), nafamostat (-6.52 kcal/mol), and mefloquine (-6.34 kcal/mol), acanthomanzamine C binds to TMPRSS2 and spike protein with binding energies of −9.75 kcal/mol and −9.19 kcal/mol, respectively. Furthermore, slight variances in the MD simulation demonstrated consistent binding to TMPRSS2 and spike protein after the initial 50 ns. These results are highly valuable in the search for a treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
The Circular Economy (CE) is a concept that aims to keep the value of products, materials, and resources economically as long as possible while minimizing the waste produced. The CE concept is ...adapted from the 3R principle (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle). The construction industry is one of the largest waste-producing industries. In fact, 30% of the waste in landfills is construction waste. This study aims to identify and analyze the application of circular economy in the construction industry in Indonesia. There are two main stages in this study. The first stage was to identify construction practitioners' awareness of the circular economy. The second stage is to document the implementation of 3R on various types of construction projects such as building, road, and bridge projects. The questionnaire was used to collect data. Around 120 project managers of medium to large scale construction companies in Indonesia were used as respondents. Important Performance Analysis (IPA) is used to represent construction practitioner awareness of CE. The results show that most construction practitioners in Indonesia have understood the importance of construction waste treatment in the context of a circular economy. However, only a few construction companies that seriously take care of construction waste treatment. Most construction waste is only released to the landfill area through the third parties. Only about 36% of contractor reused and recycled waste is in the construction site.
There had been a growing interest in biopreservation in recent years due to the increasing demand for food products that were free of synthetic preservatives and therefore safer to consume. This made ...it necessary to explore natural bioactive with antifungal properties that can inhibit microbial spoilage and extend shelf life. Etawa crossbreed goat milk (Capra hircus) peptide fraction has antifungal activity. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the peptide with antifungal activity resulting from the casein and whey proteins of goat milk hydrolysis by trypsin. The hydrolyzate was fractionated using a Strong Cationic Exchange (SCX) catridge and the antifungal activity test was performed against Aspergillus sp. using the disc diffusion method. The most active peptide fraction with the highest antifungal activity was identified using Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Based on the results, the ratio of the enzyme substrates used to hydrolyze casein and whey proteins is 1:10; 1:20; 1:30 and 1:40. The greatest degree of hydrolysis of casein and whey proteins was obtained at a 1:40 enzyme-substrate ratio of 66.8% and 75.4%, respectively. The analysis of Sodium Dodecylsulfate - Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS PAGE) showed that goat milk casein contained αS1-casein and β-casein, while the whey proteins contained beta-lactoglobulin and α-lactalbumins. The casein and whey protein hydrolysates were fractionated using an SCX with pH variations of 3–9. The Goat Milk Casein (GMC) 5, 6, 7 dan 8 peptide fractions inhibited Aspergillus sp, and the most active was a fraction from GMC6 with an inhibition zone of 26.95 ± 0.63 mm and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value of 31.25 μg/mL. Furthermore, the morphology of Aspergillus sp. mycelia after treatment with peptide fraction showed that the mycelia were wrinkled and withered. The fractions with the highest antifungal activity contained 4 peptide sequences, namely YNVPQLEIVPK, KENNINELSK, GLSPEVPNENLLR, and YLGYLEQLLK. These results showed that peptide from goat milk had potential applications as a natural antifungal compound.
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