The New Yorker is a magazine perhaps best known for its cultural commentary on fields such as music, theater, art, film, and television. However, since its founding in 1925, it has also turned its ...irreverent eye and acerbic wit towards fashion with two issues dedicated to the topic - "Style Issues" - published twice a year. The nature of its fashion discourse, situated as it is among some of the most celebrated political and cultural writings of the day, is the subject here. A text analysis of ten "Style Issues" offers opportunity to explore fashion discourse and criticism outside the traditional realm of the fashion media landscape. While it is not a venue often considered under the heading "fashion media," The New Yorker's long history of positioning fashion reporting as of interest to their readership offers a new space in which to deconstruct how tangential, yet relevant, media spaces engage with this multifarious cultural product. The magazine's literary/narrative approach was less about offering assessment and more concerned with creating an emotional connection for the reader. Though style and fashion served as a frame of reference, emphasis remained on the human experience of dressed bodies and their interaction in a broader socio-political context.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
• The oomycete pathogens Phytophthora infestans and P. capsici cause significant crop losses world-wide, threatening food security. In each case, pathogenicity factors, called RXLR effectors, ...contribute to virulence. Some RXLRs are perceived by resistance proteins to trigger host immunity, but our understanding of the demographic processes and adaptive evolution of pathogen virulence remains poor.
• Here, we describe PenSeq, a highly efficient enrichment sequencing approach for genes encoding pathogenicity determinants which, as shown for the infamous potato blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans, make up < 1% of the entire genome.
• PenSeq facilitates the characterization of allelic diversity in pathogen effectors, enabling evolutionary and population genomic analyses of Phytophthora species. Furthermore, PenSeq enables the massively parallel identification of presence/absence variations and sequence polymorphisms in key pathogen genes, which is a prerequisite for the efficient deployment of host resistance genes.
• PenSeq represents a cost-effective alternative to whole-genome sequencing and addresses crucial limitations of current plant pathogen population studies, which are often based on selectively neutral markers and consequently have limited utility in the analysis of adaptive evolution. The approach can be adapted to diverse microbes and pathogens.
We explored articulations of lesbian styles, fashions, and ways of dressing in mainstream fashion and media outlets within the United States during the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Based ...upon our findings, we propose that there was trending ambivalence and multiple assemblages across space and time where the mainstream media did not necessarily perpetuate a single stereotypical or essentialist way of conceptualizing fashionable lesbians or lesbian fashions. However, we also noted across time a divide between representations of celebrity lesbians and the contemporary lived experience of ordinary lesbians. Though the press acknowledged this divide on occasion, they also established, circulated, and reinforced this difference. According to the press, while lesbians have been 'chic' since the 1990s-whether they embraced a butch or femme esthetic-the best way to be lesbian was to be rich, white, and fashionably dressed.
Discursive practices employed by American Vogue to recontextualize sustainable fashion between 1990 and 2015 were explored through the lens of a discourse-historical approach and multimodal critical ...discourse analysis. References to sustainably minded values and actions were found throughout the 26 years studied with notable peaks and valleys in coverage that, at times, contradicted changing social interest in the subject. Over time, Vogue recontextualized sustainable fashion discourses and encouraged a passive revolution by moving from a contentious positioning of either/or sustainable fashion to one that embraced a both/and positionality by narrowing focus to lifestyle and product features. Additionally, Vogue celebrated social actors engaged in sustainable behaviors though these were increasingly positioned as lifestyle choices rather than revolutionary collective action. Vogue continuously recontextualized the sustainable fashion discourse as “new” and desirable while neutralizing most negative considerations of fashion consumption through a variety of articulations and by drawing on well-established semiotic resources.
Key message
A broad-spectrum late blight disease-resistance gene from
Solanum verrucosum
has been mapped to potato chromosome 9. The gene is distinct from previously identified-resistance genes.
We ...have identified and characterised a broad-spectrum resistance to
Phytophthora infestans
from the wild Mexican species
Solanum verrucosum
. Diagnostic resistance gene enrichment (dRenSeq) revealed that the resistance is not conferred by previously identified nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat genes. Utilising the sequenced potato genome as a reference, two complementary enrichment strategies that target resistance genes (RenSeq) and single/low-copy number genes (Generic-mapping enrichment Sequencing; GenSeq), respectively, were deployed for the rapid, SNP-based mapping of the resistance through bulked-segregant analysis. Both approaches independently positioned the resistance, referred to as
Rpi
-
ver1
, to the distal end of potato chromosome 9. Stringent post-enrichment read filtering identified a total of 64 informative SNPs that corresponded to the expected ratio for significant polymorphisms in the parents as well as the bulks. Of these, 61 SNPs are located on potato chromosome 9 and reside within 27 individual genes, which in the sequenced potato clone DM locate to positions 45.9 to 60.9 Mb. RenSeq- and GenSeq-derived SNPs within the target region were converted into allele-specific PCR-based KASP markers and further defined the position of the resistance to a 4.3 Mb interval at the bottom end of chromosome 9 between positions 52.62–56.98 Mb.
JAK-STAT pathway activation in COPD Yew-Booth, Liang; Birrell, Mark A; Lau, Ming Sum ...
European respiratory journal/The European respiratory journal,
09/2015, Letnik:
46, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an inflammatory disease of the lung, most commonly resulting from cigarette smoke exposure, characterised by a largely irreversible and progressive ...airflow limitation 1, 2. Currently, there are no disease-modifying therapies to prevent the relentless disease progression in patients with COPD. As a consequence, COPD is associated with high mortality and increasing prevalence worldwide 2. Therefore, significant research effort has been directed to understanding the mechanism by which cigarette smoke exposure leads to the inflammation seen in COPD in the hope of discovering novel, effective anti-inflammatory therapies to tackle underlying pathogenic mechanisms. Cytokines are thought to be critical orchestrators of the persistent inflammation seen in several inflammatory diseases, including COPD. Many of these cytokines signal through the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway and/or are produced as a result of JAK-STAT pathway signalling 3. Thus, currently, there is considerable interest in developing JAK-STAT inhibitors as a potential treatment for COPD. However, there are no published studies that have comprehensively investigated the activation of all the STAT family members in tissue from COPD patients. Therefore, the aim of our study was to determine the extent of JAK-STAT pathway activation by detecting the presence of phosphorylated STAT proteins 1-6 in lung tissue from nonsmokers, healthy smokers and COPD patients (from transplant surgery) by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The hope was that this would provide important information regarding the role of the JAK-STAT pathway in COPD, which may in turn be useful in the development of novel treatments for COPD.
Key message
The nematode resistance gene
H2
was mapped to the distal end of chromosome 5 in tetraploid potato.
The
H2
resistance gene, introduced into cultivated potatoes from the wild diploid ...species
Solanum multidissectum
, confers a high level of resistance to the Pa1 pathotype of the potato cyst nematode
Globodera pallida
. A cross between tetraploid
H2
-containing breeding clone P55/7 and susceptible potato variety Picasso yielded an F1 population that segregated approximately 1:1 for the resistance phenotype, which is consistent with a single dominant gene in a simplex configuration. Using genome reduction methodologies RenSeq and GenSeq, the segregating F1 population enabled the genetic characterisation of the resistance through a bulked segregant analysis. A diagnostic RenSeq analysis of the parents confirmed that the resistance in P55/7 cannot be explained by previously characterised resistance genes. Only the variety Picasso contained functionally characterised disease resistance genes
Rpi
-
R1
,
Rpi
-
R3a
,
Rpi
-
R3b
variant,
Gpa2
and
Rx
, which was independently confirmed through effector vacuum infiltration assays. RenSeq and GenSeq independently identified sequence polymorphisms linked to the
H2
resistance on the top end of potato chromosome 5. Allele-specific KASP markers further defined the locus containing the
H2
gene to a 4.7 Mb interval on the distal short arm of potato chromosome 5 and to positions that correspond to 1.4 MB and 6.1 MB in the potato reference genome.
Sustainability in fashion becomes a more pressing matter year after year. Growing consumer awareness of the issues paired with governmental regulation has forced the industry to start taking action. ...Vogue has also incrementally adjusted to the changing demands of the modern socio-cultural context in which it operates. In this article the discursive practices employed by Vogue to construct a discourse on sustainable fashion in its "Style Ethics" editorials, 2009-2013 are explored. Thirty-seven "Style Ethics" editorials were examined using Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). The article argues that Vogue's incorporation and appropriation of the sustainable fashion discourse has the potential to shape and/or alter perceptions of sustainable fashion. Vogue's cultural capital grants it a position of power in meaning construction for the industry. Thus, understanding the magazine's perspective on sustainable fashion can reveal potential sources of problematic perceptions that may hinder or distort acceptance of sustainable fashion goods and practices.
Sustainability in fashion becomes a more pressing matter year after year. Growing consumer awareness of the issues paired with governmental regulation has forced the industry to start taking action. ...Vogue has also incrementally adjusted to the changing demands of the modern socio-cultural context in which it operates. In this article the discursive practices employed by Vogue to construct a discourse on sustainable fashion in its "Style Ethics" editorials, 2009-2013 are explored. Thirty-seven "Style Ethics" editorials were examined using Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). The article argues that Vogue's incorporation and appropriation of the sustainable fashion discourse has the potential to shape and/or alter perceptions of sustainable fashion. Vogue's cultural capital grants it a position of power in meaning construction for the industry. Thus, understanding the magazine's perspective on sustainable fashion can reveal potential sources of problematic perceptions that may hinder or distort acceptance of sustainable fashion goods and practices.
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