Because human white adipocytes display a high turnover throughout adulthood, a continuous supply of precursor cells is required to maintain adipogenesis. Bone marrow (BM)-derived progenitor cells ...may contribute to mammalian adipogenesis; however, results in animal models are conflicting. Here we demonstrate in 65 subjects who underwent allogeneic BM or peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) transplantation that, over the entire lifespan, BM/PBSC-derived progenitor cells contribute ∼10% to the subcutaneous adipocyte population. While this is independent of gender, age, and different transplantation-related parameters, body fat mass exerts a strong influence, with up to 2.5-fold increased donor cell contribution in obese individuals. Exome and whole-genome sequencing of single adipocytes suggests that BM/PBSC-derived progenitors contribute to adipose tissue via both differentiation and cell fusion. Thus, at least in the setting of transplantation, BM serves as a reservoir for adipocyte progenitors, particularly in obese subjects.
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•65 subjects who had undergone allogeneic BM or PBSC transplantation were recruited•Donor-derived fat cell contribution over the entire lifespan was on average 10%•The presence of donor-derived DNA in subcutaneous fat cells was higher in obesity•Single-cell analyses confirmed fat cells with recipient, donor, or mixed DNA content
Following 65 patients who had undergone allogeneic transplantation with either bone marrow or mobilized peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs), Rydén and colleagues reveal that bone marrow-derived progenitors contribute ∼10% to the subcutaneous fat cell population. BM/PBSC contribution, via adipocyte differentiation or cell fusion, is significantly increased in obese individuals.
This article charts the emergent engagement of scholars with disability in the Hebrew Bible, highlighting key aspects of the major edited works and monographs in the field. The HB contains numerous ...texts which focus on disability, sometimes in reference to particular characters, but also in wider tropes without being located in an individual's body. Scholarship in disability in the HB is a complex and dynamic endeavor, but has value within critical studies of the HB. To close, I offer some suggestions on further growth areas in the discipline.
Rock hind (Epinephelus adscensionis) and spotted moray (Gymnothorax moringa) are ubiquitous mesopredators that co-occur in the nearshore waters of Ascension Island in the South Atlantic Ocean, where ...they have significant cultural and subsistence value, but management of their non-commercial take is limited. This isolated volcanic system is home to high biomass and low species diversity, which poses two key questions: How can two mesopredators that perform similar ecological roles coexist? And if these two species are so ecologically similar, can they be managed using the same approach? Here, we combined acoustic telemetry, stomach content analysis, and stable isotope analysis to (i) explore space use and diet choices within and between these two species and (ii) to assess appropriate species-specific management options. Although rock hind had high residency and small calculated home ranges (0.0001-0.3114 km
), spotted moray exhibited shorter periods of residency (<3 months) before exiting the array. Vertical space use differed significantly across the 20-month tracking period, with individual differences in vertical space observed for both species. A hierarchical generalized additive model using 12-h averaged depth data identified that rock hind occurred lower in the water column than spotted moray, with both species occupying moderately deeper depths at night versus day (+1.6% relative depth). Spotted moray depth was also significantly predicted by lunar illumination. Aggregating samples by species and tissue type, Bayesian ecological niche modeling identified a 53.14%-54.15% and 78.02%-97.08% probability of niche overlap from fin clip and white muscle, respectively, whereas limited stomach content data indicated a preference for piscivorous prey. Variability in niche breadth between years suggests these species may exploit a range of prey items over time. These findings indicate that although these two species perform a similar ecological role by feeding on prey occupying the same trophic levels, subtle differences in movement behaviors between them suggest a one-rule-fits-all management approach is not likely the most effective option.
Reef fish communities are shaped by historical and ecological factors, including abiotic and biotic mechanisms at different spatial scales, determining species composition, abundance and biomass. The ...oceanic islands in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (St. Peter and St. Paul's Archipelago - SPSPA, Ascension, and St. Helena), exhibiting differences in community structure along a 14-degree latitudinal and a 10 °C thermal gradient. We investigate the influence of sea surface temperature, area, age, isolation and phosphate on reef fish community structures. Reef fish trophic structure varies significantly across the islands, with planktivores and herbivore-detritivores showing the highest abundances in SPSPA and Ascension, while less abundant in St. Helena, aligning with the thermal gradient. Variations in reef fish community structures were predominantly influenced by thermal regimes, corroborating the expansion of species' thermal niche breadth at higher latitudes and lower temperatures. This study highlights that in addition to biogeographic factors, temperature is pivotal on shaping oceanic island reef fish community structure.
•The reef fish community structure varied significantly among the three islands of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.•The thermal tolerance of species plays a pivotal role in shaping reef fish communities among these islands.•The thermal niche breadth of species widens towards colder regions.
The Arg/N-end rule pathway of ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis has multiple functions throughout plant development, notably in the transition from dormant seed to photoautotrophic seedling. ...PROTEOLYSIS6 (PRT6), an N-recognin E3 ligase of the Arg/N-end rule regulates the degradation of transcription factor substrates belonging to Group VII of the Ethylene Response Factor superfamily (ERFVIIs). It is not known whether ERFVIIs are associated with all known functions of the Arg/N-end rule, and the downstream pathways influenced by ERFVIIs are not fully defined. Here, we examined the relationship between PRT6 function, ERFVIIs and ABA signalling in Arabidopsis seedling establishment. Physiological analysis of seedlings revealed that N-end rule-regulated stabilisation of three of the five ERFVIIs, RAP2.12, RAP2.2 and RAP2.3, controls sugar sensitivity of seedling establishment and oil body breakdown following germination. ABA signalling components ABA INSENSITIVE (ABI)4 as well as ABI3 and ABI5 were found to enhance ABA sensitivity of germination and sugar sensitivity of establishment in a background containing stabilised ERFVIIs. However, N-end rule regulation of oil bodies was not dependent on canonical ABA signalling. We propose that the N-end rule serves to control multiple aspects of the seed to seedling transition by regulation of ERFVII activity, involving both ABA-dependent and independent signalling pathways.
•Time to first antimicrobial dose (TFAD) is important in some infections.•The impact of TFAD on outcomes for cellulitis is not well studied.•TFAD was observed not to impact acute length of stay in ...clinically stable patients.•Taking time to confirm the diagnosis before prescribing antimicrobials seems acceptable.
There have been efforts to promote timely antimicrobial administration for patients with sepsis, but the importance for other infections is uncertain. This study analysed whether time to first antimicrobial dose (TFAD) in patients with lower limb cellulitis influenced outcome measures such as acute length of stay (LOS) in hospital and 30-day hospital readmission rates for cellulitis.
Medical records of patients admitted with lower limb cellulitis or erysipelas over a 15-month period (1 May 2019 to 30 November 2019 and 1 March 2020 to 31 October 2020) were reviewed. Patients requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission were excluded. The TFAD was the difference (in minutes) between the emergency department triage time and the time that the antimicrobial was first recorded as administered. Analysis included log-transformed linear regression (for LOS) and logistic regression (for 30-day readmission with cellulitis), controlling for confounders where possible.
The study included 282 patients with lower limb cellulitis. The median TFAD was 177 min (interquartile range, 98–290 min). Linear regression suggested a weak association between TFAD and LOS (P = 0.05; adjusted R2 = 0.01), which was non-significant after adjusting for confounders (P = 0.18). There were too few patients readmitted within 30 days with cellulitis for meaningful analysis.
After controlling for confounders, no association between increased TFAD and increased acute LOS was identified for patients with lower limb cellulitis who did not require ICU admission (i.e. without septic shock). Conclusions could not be made for 30-day readmission rates for cellulitis.
Equestrian sport is unique in many ways among the sporting disciplines, but is rarely inspected by theologians. The author undertakes one of the first studies of Christian theology, disability, and ...equestrian sports. She considers four themes (interdependence, vulnerability, mutual enabling, and normalcy) through case study and theory and highlights central features of equestrian sport. The author starts by investigating disability and equestrian sport, before using results of this study to re-examine frequently discussed theological issues such as inclusion, vulnerability, faith, trust, and healing. Bringing theology, disability, and equestrian sport into dialogue amplifies voices that support, challenge, and provoke important topics in academic and practical theology.
The Microbiology Society Education and Outreach Network (EON) recently hosted the Teaching Symposium at the Microbiology Society Annual Conference, sponsored by
Access Microbiology
. The presence of ...the Symposium as an established parallel session within the wider Annual Conference reflects the importance of high-quality, contemporary microbiology education and outreach delivered in an enthusiastic and inclusive manner. At the 2023 Symposium, a variety of pedagogical research projects in higher education learning, teaching and assessment, as well as public engagement projects, were showcased through invited talks, offered talks, flash talks and posters. The event was attended by up to 70 delegates. Several themes were noted throughout the day: engaging with Gen Z (Generation Z, those born between 1996 and 2010), active learning, art in science and engaging with non-higher education (HE) audiences. Inclusivity was a key driver in the organization of the Symposium; the room was set up to encourage discussion and participants could ask questions using an online platform as well as speaking in the room. We now encourage all speakers to consider publishing their work as a peer-reviewed article for further dissemination and impact.
Social emotional development in infancy is a predictor of outcomes in later life, yet there is little evidence of effectiveness for parenting interventions designed to enhance social emotional ...wellbeing in infancy. An 18-month two-arm randomized controlled pilot trial evaluated the feasibility of a definitive trial of Incredible Years (IY) Infant and Toddler parent programs delivered in a proportionate universal model, called Enhancing Social-Emotional Health and Wellbeing in the Early Years (E-SEE) Steps. Intervention families received an IY Babies book (universal dose), followed by the IY Infant and/or the Toddler group-based programs, based on parent depression (PHQ-9) and/or child social emotional development (ASQ:SE-2) scores. Control parents received services as usual. Parents from two English local authorities with a child eight-weeks-old or younger participated, and were block randomized using a web-based system. Primary endpoints for the study were feasibility parameters relating to recruitment, retention, intervention fidelity and appropriateness of measures. 205 participants were randomized (152:53, intervention:control). Our target was 288 parents. Trial retention rate was higher than expected, with a completion rate of 88% (n = 181, 137:44) at follow-up 3; equating to 94% of 192 expected participants. Intervention uptake was lower than expected. Fidelity of delivery was acceptable and measures were deemed appropriate. A definitive trial is feasible with design amendments to include: introduction of a child screener for intervention eligibility; enhanced intervention material; revised sample size and random allocation ratio. Our internal pilot became an external pilot due to these changes.
Highlights
This is the first pilot of a proportionate universal delivery of the IY parent program.
Trial retention was high at 88% at final follow-up (18 months post baseline).
Emerging findings suggest a definitive trial of E-SEE STEPS is warranted.
Definitive trials should consider methods to enhance intervention uptake.
Trials should consider intervention compliance with relevant guidelines.
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