O milho (Zea mays L.), é uma cultura de grande importância para o mundo. Dentre os grandes produtores dessa comoditie, destaca-se os Estados Unidos, China e Brasil. Visto o alto valor comercial do ...milho, tecnologias vem sendo empregadas no processo de produção, como a utilização de bioestimulantes. Nesse sentido, esse estudo objetivou revisar o conhecimento atual sobre os efeitos dos bioestimulantes na cultura do milho, em especial, o extrato de algas e extrato pirolenhoso, destacando a resposta direta ou indireta do vegetal quando utilizado esses tipos de substâncias. Diversos estudos de pesquisa já enfatizam a relevância do potencial de algas para uma melhor eficiência na produção agrícola, sendo fortes influenciadores ativos no crescimento da planta, visto sua aptidão de produzir ou interagir com os fitohormônios da planta, proporcionando ainda, um melhor desenvolvimento do sistema, maior vigor e aumento da produtividade. Por sua vez, o extrato pirolenhoso é um produto natural obtido da queima da madeira e utilizado como condicionador do solo, indutor de enraizamento, repelente de insetos pragas e outras funções que diminuem a utilização de defensivos agrícola no sistema de cultivo, sendo um bioestimulante com forte tendência no mercado. Os bioestimulantes apresenta-se como um potencial insumo alternativo para o incremento no crescimento e desenvolvimento de plantas de milho, contudo, entende-se que novas pesquisas são necessárias, com o intuito de fornecer melhores informações de interesses agronômicos.
Central nervous system infections (CNSI) are diseases with high morbidity and mortality, and their diagnosis in the intensive care environment can be challenging. Objective: To develop and validate a ...diagnostic model to quickly screen intensive care patients with suspected CNSI using readily available clinical data.
Derivation cohort: 783 patients admitted to an infectious diseases intensive care unit (ICU) in Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil, for any reason, between 01/01/2012 and 06/30/2019, with a prevalence of 97 (12.4%) CNSI cases. Validation cohort 1: 163 patients prospectively collected, between 07/01/2019 and 07/01/2020, from the same ICU, with 15 (9.2%) CNSI cases. Validation cohort 2: 7,270 patients with 88 CNSI (1.21%) admitted to a neuro ICU in Chicago, IL, USA between 01/01/2014 and 06/30/2019. Prediction model: Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to construct the model, and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used for model validation. Eight predictors-age <56 years old, cerebrospinal fluid white blood cell count >2 cells/mm3, fever (≥38°C/100.4°F), focal neurologic deficit, Glasgow Coma Scale <14 points, AIDS/HIV, and seizure-were included in the development diagnostic model (P<0.05).
The pool data's model had an Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristics (AUC) curve of 0.892 (95% confidence interval 0.864-0.921, P<0.0001).
A promising and straightforward screening tool for central nervous system infections, with few and readily available clinical variables, was developed and had good accuracy, with internal and external validity.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
The solar dryer can reduce production costs, energy consumption, waste (use fruits outside the quality standard for fresh consumption) and is an alternative for small and medium producers. ...The solar dryer can reduce costs and is an alternative for small and medium producers worldwide. The consumption of fresh and processed tomatoes is high in the world, but post-harvest losses is also and drying is an alternative to reduce these losses. The temperature maintenance and drying time corresponds 30% of the costs. The objective was evaluated the tomato physicochemical characteristics after drying in handmade solar dryer. ‘Carmen’ tomato fruits were bleached in water, 2.5% NaCl solution, 2.5% NaCl + 0.5% CaCl
2
solution and unbleached. Tomato slices were placed in a handmade solar dryer from 7:00 to 17:00. The solar dryer prototype was wood made, comprising a collector and a drying chamber. The average cost of the camera was US$ 13.08 (1 Brazilian Real = 0.26 United States Dollar). Water loss, drying kinetics, mathematical models and physicochemical characteristics of fresh and dried tomatoes were evaluated. The average length of solar drying for the four treatments was 30 h and the Midilli and Kucuk mathematical model was the most adjusted. The acidity, reducing sugars and soluble solids were concentrated by drying, while ascorbic acid was reduced. The pH did not change. Tomatoes 'Carmen' can be dried in a handmade solar dryer for 30 h while maintaining product quality.
Detection of Ilheus virus in mosquitoes from southeast Amazon, Brazil Vieira, Carla Julia da Silva Pessoa; Andrade, Camila Decol de; Kubiszeski, Janaína Rigotti ...
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene,
07/2019, Letnik:
113, Številka:
7
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Arbovirus surveillance in field-collected mosquitoes is essential in monitoring virus activity to avoid emergence and outbreaks of arboviruses.
We used reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ...methods to search for arbovirus in mosquitoes collected in Brazil's southeast Amazon forest remnants during 2015-2016.
We detected Iheus virus (ILHV) RNA in Culex declarator, Culex (Melanoconion) and Ochlerotatus serratus mosquitoes.
These results indicate ILHV circulation in the studied area, highlighting its potential emergence in human population. More studies are necessary to confirm the roles of these three species in ILHV maintenance.
Background: Hematophagous insects digest large amounts of host hemoglobin and release heme inside their guts. In Rhodnius prolixus, hemoglobin-derived heme is detoxified by biomineralization, forming ...hemozoin (Hz). Recently, the involvement of the R. prolixus perimicrovillar membranes in Hz formation was demonstrated. Methodology/Principal Findings: Hz formation activity of an α-glucosidase was investigated. Hz formation was inhibited by specific α-glucosidase inhibitors. Moreover, Hz formation was sensitive to inhibition by Diethypyrocarbonate, suggesting a critical role of histidine residues in enzyme activity. Additionally, a polyclonal antibody raised against a phytophagous insect α-glucosidase was able to inhibit Hz formation. The α-glucosidase inhibitors have had no effects when used 10 h after the start of reaction, suggesting that α-glucosidase should act in the nucleation step of Hz formation. Hz formation was seen to be dependent on the substrate-binding site of enzyme, in a way that maltose, an enzyme substrate, blocks such activity. dsRNA, constructed using the sequence of α-glucosidase gene, was injected into R. prolixus females' hemocoel. Gene silencing was accomplished by reduction of both α-glucosidase and Hz formation activities. Insects were fed on plasma or hemin-enriched plasma and gene expression and activity of α-glucosidase were higher in the plasma plus hemin-fed insects. The deduced amino acid sequence of α-glucosidase shows a high similarity to the insect α-glucosidases, with critical histidine and aspartic residues conserved among the enzymes. Conclusions/Significance: Herein the Hz formation is shown to be associated to an α-glucosidase, the biochemical marker from Hemipteran perimicrovillar membranes. Usually, these enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of glycosidic bond. The results strongly suggest that α-glucosidase is responsible for Hz nucleation in the R. prolixus midgut, indicating that the plasticity of this enzyme may play an important role in conferring fitness to hemipteran hematophagy, for instance.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Os Infográficos são gêneros multimodais compostos, em que se fundem texto verbal e imagem. A disciplina de Geografia compõe o inventário das “Matérias” curriculares da Educação Básica, tendo por ...desígnio contribuir para a constituição do cidadão participativo, promovendo nesse, o conhecimento e a organização do espaço local, nacional e mundial, assim como as inter-relações desse com o meio que o cerca. Logo, amparado nestas considerações, essa proposta de pesquisa sugere discutir, as potencialidades do uso de diversas linguagens, no processo de aprendizagem dos aprendizes, por meio da construção de infográficos no âmbito do ensino de Geografia utilizando plataformas digitais. A pesquisa teve como campo, turmas do 2º ano do Ensino Médio, em uma cidade do interior do Ceará. O estudo se justifica pela necessidade de pensar um ensino da Geografia que esteja alinhado às novas demandas da sociedade contemporânea em relação à comunicação ao fazer uso de vários tipos de linguagens. A pesquisa enfoca um viés metodológico do tipo qualitativa. O estudo utilizou o método dedutivo, apresenta-se neste estudo o desenvolvimento de uma proposta metodológica experienciada com aprendizes do Ensino Médio na disciplina de Geografia voltada a produção de infográficos através da Plataforma Digital Canva. Os resultados apontam que o uso e produção dos infográficos combinado com um processo de educar pela pesquisa é um recurso de muitas potencialidades no processo de aprendizagem dos aprendizes por agregar variação nas diversas linguagens e simbologias, como também por possibilitar vários estilos de aprendizagem.
This study estimated the growth of body, carcass, primal cuts, edible offal, and feathers of Japanese quail reared in two thermal environments, receiving three nutritional plans, from one to 39 days ...of age. A total of 576 one-day-old female chicks (Coturnix japonica) with an average initial weight of 7.51±0.75g/bird were evaluated in a completely randomized design with a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement (three nutritional plans × two temperatures). The animals were housed in two climatic chambers, at 25 ºC and 35 ºC, using 12 replications with eight birds per experimental unit. Nutritional plans (NP) were as follows: NP1: one diet from 1-21days and another from 22-39 days; NP2: one diet from 1-14 days and another from 15-39 days; and NP3: a single diet from 1-39 days. The growth curves and growth rates of body, carcass, primal cuts, feathers, and edible offal were evaluated using the Gompertz mathematical model. Quail fed NP3 showed higher growth curves and rates for body, carcass, drumstick +thigh, and feather. There was an effect on maturity rate, which was lowest in quail housed at 35 ºC. Among the animals kept at 25 ºC, the group fed NP3 exhibited the highest growth rate and breast weight. The nutritional plan consisting of a single diet offered from 1 to 39 days, formulated based on the tables for Japanese and European quail, is the most suitable for estimating the growth curves (Gompertz model) of Japanese quail housed at 25 ºC or 35 ºC.
RESUMO: Objetivou-se estimar o crescimento corporal, carcaça, cortes nobres, vísceras comestíveis e penas de codornas japonesas criadas em dois ambientes térmicos e alimentadas com três planos nutricionais de um a 39 dias. Foram utilizadas 576 pintainhas (Coturnix japônica), fêmeas, com um dia de idade, com peso médio inicial 7,51 ± 0,75g/ave, distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3 × 2 (três planos nutricionais x duas temperaturas), alojadas em duas câmaras climáticas de 25º e 35 ºC, com 12 repetições e oito aves por unidade experimental. Os planos nutricionais foram: plano nutricional um (PN1) - uma dieta de 1-21 dias e uma dieta de 22-39 dias; plano nutricional dois (PN2) - uma dieta de 1-14 dias e uma dieta de 15-39 dias; e plano nutricional três (PN3) - dieta única de 1-39 dias. Foram avaliadas as curvas e taxas de crescimento corporal, carcaça, cortes nobres, penas e vísceras comestíveis, através do modelo matemático de Gompertz. Codornas alimentadas com PN3 apresentaram maiores curvas e taxas de crescimento corporal, de carcaça, coxa + sobrecoxa e penas. Houve efeito para taxa de maturidade, sendo inferior para codornas alojadas em 35 ºC. Nas aves mantidas em 25 ºC, observou-se maior taxa de crescimento e peso de peito nas codornas alimentadas com PN3. O plano nutricional composto por uma única dieta ofertada durante o período de um a 39 dias, formulado com base nas recomendações das tabelas para codornas japonesas e europeias, é o mais indicado para estimar curvas de crescimento no modelo de Gompertz de codornas japonesas alojadas em 25 ºC ou 35 ºC.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to examine the effect of the increasing levels of inclusion of palm kernel cake (PKC) in the diet on the performance of feedlot heifers. Forty-eight Nelore ...heifers with an initial weight of 274 ± 4.58 kg, at 24 months of age, were confined for 98 days in a feedlot. The animals were allocated to the four treatments in a completely randomized design. Treatments consisted of PKC levels of 0 (control), 10, 20, and 30% in the total dry matter of the diet. The roughage:concentrate ratio in the diets was 30:70. Ether extract intake increased, whereas the intakes of non-fiber carbohydrates and total digestible nutrients decreased with the inclusion of PKC. The apparent digestibility of all nutrients decreased, as well as the amounts of nitrogen digested and retained. Microbial protein synthesis and its efficiency also declined. The inclusion of up to 20% PKC increased feeding time and reduced rumination time of heifers. Intake and rumination efficiencies decreased with the inclusion of PKC in the diet. Final weight and average daily gain did not change, but feed efficiency increased with the inclusion of PKC. The inclusion of up to 30% PKC in the diet of feedlot heifers is recommended.
Soybean is the most important oilseed over the world. Different factors interfere in its development, among them, the interference of weeds. Thus, the objective was to analyze the performance of ...pre-emergence herbicides on the weed competition and agronomic components of soybean. For this, an experiment was carried out in commercial farming. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with three treatments and nine repetitions. The following treatments were tested: S-metolachlor (1,152 g a.i. ha-1); diclosulam (35 g a.i. ha-1; 42 g a.i. ha-1) + imazethapyr (164.8 g a.i. ha-1). Two phytosociological surveys were carried out at 21 and 32 days after sowing (DAS) for controlling the weed competition. At 14, 21, 32, and 37 DAS, stem height and diameter were analyzed, while at 115 DAS, the production components were estimated. The application of S-metolachlor (1,152 g a.i. ha-1) was efficient for pre-emergence weed control of weed competition in commercial soybean crops. Through this treatment, the conventional cultivar Ansc 89109 produced between 130,5 and 255,8 kg per hectare, this result is superior those obtained in plots treated with diclosulam (35 g a.i ha-1) + imazethapyr (164.8 g a.i. ha-1) and diclosulam (42 g a.i. ha-1) + imazethapyr (164.8 g a.i. ha-1). Thus, the application of higher-doses of diclosulam (42 g a.i. ha-1) in a mixture with imazethapyr (164.8 g a.i. ha-1) is not recommended since it presents eminent agronomic, environmental, and economic risks.
Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease that may present different clinical forms according to the immune response of the host. Levels of IFN-γ are significantly raised in paucibacillary tuberculoid ...(T-lep) when compared with multibacillary lepromatous (L-lep) patients. IFN-γ primes macrophages for inflammatory activation and induces the autophagy antimicrobial mechanism. The involvement of autophagy in the immune response against Mycobacterium leprae remains unexplored. Here, we demonstrated by different autophagic assays that LC3-positive autophagosomes were predominantly observed in T-lep when compared with L-lep lesions and skin-derived macrophages. Accumulation of the autophagic receptors SQSTM1/p62 and NBR1, expression of lysosomal antimicrobial peptides and colocalization analysis of autolysosomes revealed an impairment of the autophagic flux in L-lep cells, which was restored by IFN-γ or rapamycin treatment. Autophagy PCR array gene-expression analysis revealed a significantly upregulation of autophagy genes (BECN1, GPSM3, ATG14, APOL1, and TPR) in T-lep cells. Furthermore, an upregulation of autophagy genes (TPR, GFI1B and GNAI3) as well as LC3 levels was observed in cells of L-lep patients that developed type 1 reaction (T1R) episodes, an acute inflammatory condition associated with increased IFN-γ levels. Finally, we observed increased BCL2 expression in L-lep cells that could be responsible for the blockage of BECN1-mediated autophagy. In addition, in vitro studies demonstrated that dead, but not live M. leprae can induce autophagy in primary and lineage human monocytes, and that live mycobacteria can reduce the autophagy activation triggered by dead mycobacteria, suggesting that M. leprae may hamper the autophagic machinery as an immune escape mechanism. Together, these results indicate that autophagy is an important innate mechanism associated with the M. leprae control in skin macrophages.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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