Muscarinic M
/M
receptor stimulation can reduce abuse-related effects of cocaine and may represent avenues for treating cocaine addiction. Muscarinic antagonists can mimic and enhance effects of ...cocaine, including discriminative stimulus (S
) effects, but the receptor subtypes mediating those effects are not known. A better understanding of the complex cocaine/muscarinic interactions is needed to evaluate and develop potential muscarinic-based medications. Here, knockout mice lacking M
, M
, or M
receptors (M
, M
, M
), as well as control wild-type mice and outbred Swiss-Webster mice, were trained to discriminate 10mg/kg cocaine from saline. Muscarinic receptor antagonists with no subtype selectivity (scopolamine), or preferential affinity at the M
, M
, or M
subtype (telenzepine, trihexyphenidyl; methoctramine, AQ-RA 741; tropicamide) were tested alone and in combination with cocaine. In intact animals, antagonists with high affinity at M
/M
receptors partially substituted for cocaine and increased the S
effect of cocaine, while M
-preferring antagonists did not substitute, and reduced the S
effect of cocaine. The cocaine-like effects of scopolamine were absent in M
mice. The cocaine S
attenuating effects of methoctramine were absent in M
mice and almost absent in M
mice. The findings indicate that the cocaine-like S
effects of muscarinic antagonists are primarily mediated through M
receptors, with a minor contribution of M
receptors. The data also support our previous findings that stimulation of M
receptors and M
receptors can each attenuate the S
effect of cocaine, and show that this can also be achieved by blocking M
autoreceptors, likely via increased acetylcholine release.
In this qualitative research, conducted on 30 gay-friendly, heterosexual, undergraduate men, we examine actual and hypothetical experiences of sexual threesomes, both with two women and one man ...(FFM), and two men and one woman (MMF). We show a cultural willingness for heterosexual men to engage in not only FFM threesomes, but also MMF threesomes. A year and a half into their university experience, seven of our participants had had at least one FFM threesome, and five of our participants had had at least one MMF threesome. We argue that this threesome experience is a component of cultural progression toward a more liberal, recreational culture of sexuality that encourages play and experimentation instead of a procreative model of sexuality. Thus, this research contributes to the growing body of literature showing that the cultural boundaries of heterosexuality are rapidly expanding for males, permitting more same-sex sexual contact without triggering the one-time-rule of homosexuality.
Lesbian, gay, bisexual and same-sex-attracted (LGB/SSA) individuals in conservative religions often experience stigma, shame, and psychological distress in reconciling their religious and sexual ...identities, yet religion can also provide existential comfort and social support. We investigated relationships among self-esteem, participation in the Mormon Church, and sexual identity acceptance among 348 LGB/SSA Mormons and ex-Mormons in 2013-2014 and found that the two groups reported similar self-esteem. By testing plausible mediators (family support, gay/SSA identity acceptance, and agreement with Mormon Church policy prohibiting same-sex behaviour) through a path model, results revealed different pathways to self-esteem. Practicing LGB/SSA Mormons reported higher family support and lower gay/SSA identity acceptance than ex-Mormons, while those self-identifying as SSA but not gay reported lower gay/SSA identity acceptance. We suggest that religiously active Mormons demonstrate low self-acceptance of their gay/SSA identity while ex-Mormons suffer loss of familial and social support, resulting in equal self-esteem across church status groups.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
4.
Scapholunate Ligament Injuries Zhou, Joanne Y.; Jodah, Riasoya; Joseph, Lauren P. ...
Journal of hand surgery global online,
05/2024, Letnik:
6, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Injuries to the scapholunate interosseous ligament (SLIL) complex can result in a predictable cascade of incongruous motion in the carpus that leads to radiocarpal degeneration. Both acute traumatic ...impact and repetitive motion can render the SLIL insufficient. A thorough understanding of SLIL anatomy is required for appropriate diagnosis and treatment. Here, we review scapholunate ligament anatomy, prevention strategies, methods of diagnosis, nonoperative and operative treatments, and outcomes. A myriad of treatment options exist for each stage of the SLIL injury, and management should be an open discussion between the patient and physician.
National drug use surveys show the baby boom generation using marijuana in record numbers. We test hypotheses based on social learning, rational choice, and strain theories to explain marijuana use ...among adults aged 50-64 with an intersectional lens to consider racial and gender group differences. Social learning perspectives, pointing to pro-marijuana attitudes and norms acquired through culture, and rational choice approaches, in which marijuana use is perceived as a low-risk activity, are both strongly supported. Strain generated by mental and physical health problems emerges as a relevant factor for marijuana use among specific racial and gender minority groups of older adults.
This research uses 30 interviews with sport-based employers in the United Kingdom to examine how men's teamsport participation reproduces men's advantage in sport-related occupations during hiring ...for sport employment positions. Not only does formalized gender segregation in sport provide men with vital social networks less attainable to women, but teamsport competition experience, through gendered notions of what counts as 'teamwork', being a 'team player', and 'leadership qualities', also provides an illusory image of employment competency implicitly gendered as masculine. Results illustrate how men's privilege of 'teamsport hegemony' occurs at the moment of social reproduction through expectations of social role congruity in leadership as well as how patterns of gender segregation within sport contribute to occupational segregation impeding women's equality. We offer policy prescriptions to address the problem.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Coronoid fractures are associated with elbow fracture-dislocations. Fractures involving the anteromedial facet of the coronoid often are associated with a posteromedial rotational instability pattern ...which requires careful management to avoid persistent and often subtle instability. Although some anteromedial coronoid fractures may be treated nonoperatively, internal fixation through a medial approach is indicated in most cases. Without a universally accepted treatment algorithm, surgeons should consider the risk of persistent instability when approaching this injury pattern. Fracture morphology, fragment size, and joint congruity, as determined by computed tomography imaging and physical examination, inform clinical decision making.
Jumonji domain-containing protein 3 (JMJD3/KDM6B) demethylates lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27me3), a repressive epigenetic mark controlling chromatin organization and cellular senescence. To better ...understand the functional consequences of JMJD3 its expression was investigated in brain tumor cells. Querying patient expression profile databases confirmed JMJD3 overexpression in high-grade glioma. Immunochemical staining of two glioma cell lines, U251 and U87, indicated intrinsic differences in JMJD3 expression levels that were reflected in changes in cell phenotype and variations associated with cellular senescence, including senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Overexpressing wild-type JMJD3 (JMJD3wt) activated SASP-associated genes, enhanced SA-β-gal activity, and induced nuclear blebbing. Conversely, overexpression of a catalytically inactive dominant negative mutant JMJD3 (JMJD3mut) increased proliferation. In addition, a large number of transcripts were identified by RNA-seq as altered in JMJD3 overexpressing cells, including cancer- and inflammation-related transcripts as defined by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. These results suggest that expression of the SASP in the context of cancer undermines normal tissue homeostasis and contributes to tumorigenesis and tumor progression. These studies are therapeutically relevant because inflammatory cytokines have been linked to homing of neural stem cells and other stem cells to tumor loci.
This glioma study brings together actions of a normal epigenetic mechanism (JMJD3 activity) with dysfunctional activation of senescence-related processes, including secretion of SASP proinflammatory cytokines and stem cell tropism toward tumors.
Some research on male clients of female prostitutes argues that clients are simply seeking unemotional sexual release or looking for wild and varied sexual experiences. Yet other sex workers portray ...clients as lonely, vulnerable, and desiring of emotional connection with women. Rather than view this as an “either-or” scenario—in which all clients fit one profile—we construct two dichotomous models of masculinity for clients and explore their attitudes toward women and sex. Men in the fragile masculinities category feel uncomfortable around women, unattractive to women, and rejected by women in the sexual marketplace, while consumer masculinities men get excited by approaching a prostitute, seek a variety of partners, and do not want the responsibilities of a relationship. We find that fragile masculinities men may be more dangerous to women than consumer masculinities men.
In past work in budding yeast, we identified a nucleosomal region required for proper interactions between the histone chaperone complex yFACT and transcribed genes. Specific histone mutations within ...this region cause a shift in yFACT occupancy towards the 3' end of genes, a defect that we have attributed to impaired yFACT dissociation from DNA following transcription. In this work we wished to assess the contributions of DNA sequences at the 3' end of genes in promoting yFACT dissociation upon transcription termination. We generated fourteen different alleles of the constitutively expressed yeast gene PMA1, each lacking a distinct DNA fragment across its 3' end, and assessed their effects on occupancy of the yFACT component Spt16. Whereas most of these alleles conferred no defects on Spt16 occupancy, one did cause a modest increase in Spt16 binding at the gene's 3' end. Interestingly, the same allele also caused minor retention of RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) and altered nucleosome occupancy across the same region of the gene. These results suggest that specific DNA sequences at the 3' ends of genes can play roles in promoting efficient yFACT and Pol II dissociation from genes and can also contribute to proper chromatin architecture.
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