Multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms have been increasingly reported at hospital admission. Recognising the magnitude, trend and predictors for MDR organisms in community-onset bloodstream infections ...(COBSI) is crucial for guiding empiric antibiotic prescribing.
Positive blood culture isolates recovered from patients presenting to the emergency department during a ten-year period (1st Jan 2002-31st Dec 2011) were assessed. Trend analyses of MDR organisms were performed. Risk factors for COBSI caused by an MDR organism and predictors for 30-day mortality were also determined.
A total of 1721 positive blood culture isolates were identified during the study period with a yearly incidence of 30-43 isolates/10 000 ED presentations. The proportion of MDR Escherichia coli causing COBSI increased from 9%-26% (P < 0.001), whilst methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus remained at high levels (20%-30%). A total of 360 patients were included in a matched case-control (1:1) study, and residents in long-term care facilities (adjusted odds ratio AOR, 4.9 95% CI, 2.1-11.6), home wound care (AOR, 5.5 95% CI, 1.6-18.7), underlying immunosuppression (AOR, 3.5 95% CI, 1.6-7.7), recent surgery (AOR, 3.5 95% CI, 1.1-11.6), and exposure to antibiotics within 3 months (AOR, 5.5 95% CI, 2.8-10.6) were independently associated with MDR COBSI. High risk source of COBSI, age and Pitt bacteraemia score were independent predictors for 30-day mortality.
A concerning trend in MDR organisms causing bloodstream infection from the community is occurring. Risk factors for MDR organisms have been identified to assist in empiric antibiotic prescribing for those presenting to hospital with sepsis.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
A new current-mode voltage-source parallel processing UPS is proposed in this paper. Although it uses only one power stage it has the performance of an active power line conditioner (APLC) and ...back-up power. The operation of the proposed UPS can be divided into two modes-APLC and back-up power modes. Due to the use of current-mode control in both operation modes, its transient performance at the moment of the change of operation mode is very good, and the output voltage of the back-up power mode will not be distorted under the nonlinear load. A prototype is developed and tested to verify its performance. The test results show that the proposed UPS has the expected performance.
Incorporation of red phosphorous into glass fibre reinforced nylon-66 composites not only confers good fire retardancy but also retains good dielectric properties, that makes them suitable for ...application as electrical insulation components. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) and Underwriter's Laboratory Bulletin 94 (UL-94) flame retardancy rating of the red phosphorous filled nylon-66 composites increase consistently with their red phosphorous contents. However, the arc resistance and dielectric strength were found to decrease as the phosphorous contents increased. On the other hand, the presence of glass fibre not only improves the flame-retardant properties but also plays an important role in improving the dielectric strength of the composites. However, the arc resistance reduces significantly with the glass fibre loading. To understand these interesting phenomena, thermogravimetric analysis, limiting nitrous oxide (N
2O) index, smoke emission properties and gas temperature analysis of the burning polymer during combustion were investigated. Possible mechanisms are discussed.
Efficient, chromaticity-stable fluorescent white, including pure white, organic light-emitting diodes are fabricated by having an effective exciton-confining device architecture with a single ...emission layer via vapor-deposition of the solution-mixed targets of a blue light-emitting host doped with a trace amount of a red and/or a green dye. The used host is 1-butyl-9,10-naphthalene-anthracene. The red and green light-emitting dyes are 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(julolidin-4-yl-vinyl)-4H-pyran, and 2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1,1,7,7-tetramethyl-1H,5H,11H-10-(2-benzothiazolyl) quinolizino9,9
a,1
ghcoumarin, respectively. The employed electron-blocking effective hole-transporting material is
N,
N′-bis-(1-naphthy)-
N,
N′ diphenyl-1,1′-biphenyl-4-4′-diamine, and the hole-blocking effective electron-transporting material is 2-2′-2″-(1,3,5-benzinetriyl)tris(1-phenyl-1-H-benzimidazole). The best power efficiency of the resulting two-spectrum fluorescent devices is 7.5
lm/W (10.8
cd/A) at 11
cd/m
2 with Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage coordinates of (0.423,
0.426), or 6.5
lm/W (9.6
cd/A) at 12
cd/m
2with pure white light with coordinates of (0.346,
0.343). The best power efficiency of the three-spectrum counterparts is 6.7
lm/W (9.9
cd/A) at 15
cd/m
2 with a nearly pure white light with coordinates of (0.325,
0.374). All color variations are less than (0.007,
0.006) between 100
cd/m
2 to 10,000
cd/m
2.
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