Knee osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease that can cause severe pain and impairment. With increased prevalence, precise diagnosis by medical imaging analytics is crucial for appropriate ...illness management. This research investigates a comparative analysis between traditional machine learning techniques and new deep learning models for diagnosing knee osteoarthritis severity from X-ray pictures. This study does not introduce new architectural innovations but rather illuminates the robust applicability and comparative effectiveness of preexisting ViT models in a medical imaging context, specifically for knee osteoarthritis severity diagnosis. The insights garnered from this comparative analysis advocate for the integration of advanced ViT models in clinical diagnostic workflows, potentially revolutionizing the precision and reliability of knee osteoarthritis assessments. This study does not introduce new architectural innovations but rather illuminates the robust applicability and comparative effectiveness of pre-existing ViT models in a medical imaging context, specifically for knee osteoarthritis severity diagnosis. The insights garnered from this comparative analysis advocate for the integration of advanced ViT models in clinical diagnostic workflows, potentially revolutionizing the precision and reliability of knee osteoarthritis assessments. The study utilizes an osteoarthritis dataset from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) comprising images with 5 severity categories and uneven class distribution. While classic machine learning models like GaussianNB and KNN struggle in feature extraction, Convolutional Neural Networks such as Inception-V3 and VGG-19 achieve better accuracy between 55-65% by learning hierarchical visual patterns. However, Vision Transformer architectures like Da-VIT, GCViT and MaxViT emerge as indisputable champions, displaying 66.14% accuracy, 0.703 precision, 0.614 recall, and AUC exceeding 0.835 thanks to self-attention processes. This analysis strongly promotes the deployment of sophisticated vision transformers over CNNs and traditional ML for increased precision in knee osteoarthritis diagnosis using X-ray picture categorization.
Abstract Objective We sought to determine the risk factors for subsequent bleeding and recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) events following isolated noncatheter-associated upper extremity deep ...venous thrombosis (non-CA-UEDVT) to better inform future treatment decisions for this group of patients. Methods The RIETE registry (Registro Informatizado de Enfermedad TromboEmbólica Computerized Registry of Patients with Venous Thromboembolism) is a prospective international registry of patients with objectively confirmed symptomatic VTE. Patients with a symptomatic, isolated, proximal UEDVT from March 2001 through March 2015 were analyzed. Any patient with an indwelling catheter or pacemaker lead at the DVT site and at the time of thrombosis was considered to have a CA-UEDVT and was excluded. Patient and treatment characteristics such as age, gender, comorbidities, VTE risk factors, treatment drug, and duration were collected. Outcomes examined included recurrent DVT, subsequent pulmonary embolism (PE), and hemorrhage. Multivariate analysis was performed using stepwise logistic regression. Results Of the 1100 patients who met the study criteria, 580 (53%) were male. The mean age of the patients was 50 ± 20 years, and overall patient survival at 1 year was 85%. Recurrent VTE occurred in 59 patients (5.4%). Of these, 46 patients (4%) had recurrent DVT, 10 (0.9%) had a PE following UEDVT diagnosis, and 3 (0.3%) had both. PE was fatal in three patients (0.3%). Bleeding occurred in 50 patients (4.5%), major bleeding in 19 patients (1.7%), and fatal bleeding in 6 patients (0.5%). On multivariate analysis, malignant disease was associated with VTE recurrence (odds ratio OR, 2.00; 95% confidence interval CI, 1.04-3.45; P < .04), whereas hemorrhage was associated with age (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01-1.05; P = .002) and malignant disease (OR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.34-4.76; P < .005). Hemorrhage and recurrent VTE were also significantly associated (OR, 2.79; 95% CI, 1.16-6.76; P < .03). Conclusions PE following non-CA-UEDVT is rare. Malignant disease was associated with VTE recurrence. Age and malignant disease were associated with hemorrhage, and VTE recurrence was associated with hemorrhage. Further prospective studies should be undertaken to best determine length of anticoagulation treatment for the varied populations of patients with UEDVT.
Choriocarcinoma is the most malignant tumor of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. Post-partum choriocarcinoma is an infrequent event with poor prognosis. The diagnosis is usually delayed due to ...failure to recognize the mode of presentation of this disease. Being a rare occurrence, limited data is available regarding its clinical features. We present a 24 years old women with parity one delivered by caesarean section indicated for premature rupture of membrane with fetal distress at 39 wks of pregnancy. Frequent episodes of heavy vaginal bleeding had started 28 days following C/S. For this, she had H/O uterine evacuatin twice within 5 days interval. Biopsy report of second curettage showed choriocarcinoma. On admission to Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH), the pretreatment Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (βhCG) level was >200000.0 IU/L, uterine mass of about 18 wks pregnancy size & X-Ray chest showed segmental consolidation in left mid zone of lung. After consultation with oncologist Etoposide, Methotrexate, Dactinomycin, Cyclophosphamide & Vincristine (EMACO) therapy was started but before completion of her proposed cycles, she developed a live threatening condition which was managed very urgently and meticulously. Now the patient is under regular monitoring. Key words: GTD; Choriocarcinoma DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bsmmuj.v4i2.8642 BSMMU J 2011; 4(2):116-118
This study aimed to observe the potentiality of azolla extract as a cost-effective organic medium. An 18-day culture experiment of Spirulina platensis was conducted using various percentages of dried ...azolla extract (DAE, 10-50%) or boiled azolla extract (BAE, 10-40%) in place of inorganic Kosaric medium (control). Growth, pigmentation, minerals and lipids contents of S. platensis cultured were recorded. Compared with the control, similar results were obtained in biomass concentration and specific growth rate when up to 40% KM was replaced with 40% DAE or 20% BAE. The mineral and lipid contents of S. platensis were unaffected by the replacement of KM with azolla extracts, except that Ca, Zn, and Fe concentrations increased as the replacement amount of KM with DAE and BAE increased. The KM had the highest chlorophyll a content. Similar findings were observed for chlorophyll a of the S. platensis in DAE40 and BAE20. It was concluded that KM could be partially replaced with DAE or BAE as the novel organic media for S. platensis cultivation, where DAE is better than BAE.
Objective: The objective of the study was to explore the profile of Autopsy cases at Rajshahi Medical College.
Materials and Methods: This observational study was carried out at Rajshahi Medical ...College. From January 2021 to June 2021. A total of 248 autopsy cases were included as a sample size during the study.
Results: Most of the autopsy cases were found to be male ( 75% ), More than 40.72% death were due to poisoning, followed by suicidal hanging cases (19.76% ),homicide cases (14.51%), different types of accidental cases( 8.47%). In case of road traffic accidents (RTA) 70% cases were by 2-wheelervehicles followed by 25% were by 4-wheeler vehicles, 3% were by heavy vehicles and 2% were pedestrian cases. Death from suicidal hanging were mostly common in the age group 15-25 years, Homicide in47-67 years, poisoning in 47-67 years, Accidental fall from height in 15-25 years and Natural death in the age group of 67 years and above.
Conclusion: This study helps to interpret several sorts of medico-legal situations, by policy makers, health care programmers, judiciary and investigation and then takes appropriate action to minimize mortality.
KYAMC Journal. 2022;12(04): 205-207
Background : Self poisoning with organophosphate pesticides is a major health problem in world wide. Organophosphorus compound poisoning is a very common toxicological emergency encountered at ...Mirzapur in Tangail. It is particularly common among the rural agricultural worker's which comprise a substantial group of the population of this region.Objective: The objective of this study was to find out the incidence, frequency, pattern of poisoning, outcome and aetiological aspect of Organo phosphorus poisoning patient admitted in Kumudini Women's Medical college Hospital.Methods: A total 366 cases of OPC poisoning were analysed during 1 year from January 2015 to December 2015. The emphasis was given on age, sex, socio-economic status, occupation, motive of poisoning, types of compound consumed its quality, place, distance from referral place and the ultimate outcome.Results: Young population of rural background, particularly agricultural workers were the commonest patients (51.91%). The most common motive of poisoning was with a suicidal intent, both in males (27.59%) and females (66.39%). Financial crisis was one of the most common reasons analysed as the motive behind the poisoning (54.20%). Three hundred forty four Patients recovered and 22 were expired. The major cause of death in these cases was respiratory failure followed by multi-organ failure.Conclusion : Strict of the pesticide act and involving a new policy by the government to educate the public and youth in large about the dangerous, life threatening effects of Organophosphorus compound could help amelerioating the harmful effects of such poisoning.KYAMC Journal Vol. 9, No.-3, October 2018, Page 133-135
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