Among 1676 persons with
H. pylori
infection who had family members with gastric cancer, the incidence of gastric cancer over a median follow-up of 9.2 years was significantly lower among those who ...received eradication treatment for
H. pylori
infection than among those who received placebo.
The human gut hosts a diverse community of bacteria referred to as the gut microbiome. We investigated the association between the relative abundance of gastric microbiota and gastric cancer (GC) ...risk in a Korean population. The study participants included 268 GC patients and 288 controls. DNA was extracted from gastric biopsies, and 16S rRNA gene analysis was performed. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to observe the associations. Of the participants, those who had the highest level (highest tertile) of relative Helicobacter pylori and Propionibacterium acnes abundances showed a significantly higher risk for GC after adjusting for potential confounding variables (odds ratio (OR) = 1.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.17-2.97, p for trend = 0.017 and OR = 4.77, 95% CI = 2.94-7.74, p for trend <0.001, respectively). Subjects who carried Prevotella copri had a significantly higher risk of GC than noncarriers (OR = 2.54, 95% CI = 1.42-4.55, p for trend = 0.002). There was a lower risk of GC in subjects carrying Lactococcus lactis than in noncarriers (OR = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.10-0.44, p for trend <0.001). H. pylori, P. acnes and P. copri are strong risk factors, whereas L. lactis is a protective factor, for GC development in Koreans. Further microbiome studies are warranted to verify the findings of the current study.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived, nanoscale vesicles that carry nucleic acids and proteins from their cells of origin and show great potential as biomarkers for many diseases, including ...cancer. Efficient isolation and detection methods are prerequisites for exploiting their use in clinical settings and understanding their physiological functions. Here, we presented a rapid, label-free, and highly sensitive method for EV isolation and quantification using a lab-on-a-disc integrated with two nanofilters (Exodisc). Starting from raw biological samples, such as cell-culture supernatant (CCS) or cancer-patient urine, fully automated enrichment of EVs in the size range of 20–600 nm was achieved within 30 min using a tabletop-sized centrifugal microfluidic system. Quantitative tests using nanoparticle-tracking analysis confirmed that the Exodisc enabled >95% recovery of EVs from CCS. Additionally, analysis of mRNA retrieved from EVs revealed that the Exodisc provided >100-fold higher concentration of mRNA as compared with the gold-standard ultracentrifugation method. Furthermore, on-disc enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using urinary EVs isolated from bladder cancer patients showed high levels of CD9 and CD81 expression, suggesting that this method may be potentially useful in clinical settings to test urinary EV-based biomarkers for cancer diagnostics.
We prospectively investigated the association between a change of serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and hepatocellular ...carcinoma (HCC) patient prognosis. The study involved 147 patients with unresectable HCC treated at the National Cancer Center, Korea, between July and December 2005. Serum samples were collected from each patient before TACE, and 1–2 days and 1 month after TACE. Serum VEGF concentrations were measured using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The loge(VEGF/platelets) increased transiently 1–2 days after TACE and declined thereafter. Frequency of previous TACE did not correlate with loge(VEGF/platelets). This study found that loge(VEGF/platelets) 1–2 days after TACE, but not loge(VEGF/platelets) at baseline, was strongly correlated with vascular or nodal invasion and AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer)/UICC (International Union Against Cancer) stage, and was significantly greater in men. Relative changes in serum VEGF/platelet levels 1–2 days after TACE (ΔVEGF) > 0.5 were directly correlated with tumor size, vascular invasion and modified UICC and AJCC/UICC stage (P < 0.05 for each). Additionally, ΔVEGF > 0.5 was significantly correlated with newly developed extrahepatic metastases one and six months after TACE (P = 0.005 and 0.003, respectively). Progression free survival of patients with ΔVEGF > 0.5 was significantly worse (P < 0.001) and ΔVEGF > 0.5 was an independent prognostic factor for PFS (hazard ratio, 3.111; P < 0.001). This study showed that a high increment in serum VEGF level 1–2 days after TACE in HCC patients was associated with distant metastasis and unfavorable outcomes. (Cancer Sci 2008; 99: 2037–2044)
Among patients with endoscopically resected early gastric cancers who were infected with
Helicobacter pylori
, the incidence of metachronous gastric cancer was 50% lower among those who received ...active treatment with antibiotics than among controls.
Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography as a Screening Tool for the Detection of Occult Coronary Artery Disease in Asymptomatic Individuals Eue-Keun Choi, Sang Il Choi, Juan J. Rivera, Khurram ...Nasir, Sung-A Chang, Eun Ju Chun, Hyung-Kwan Kim, Dong-Joo Choi, Roger S. Blumenthal, Hyuk-Jae Chang With computed tomography angiography (CTA) (64-slice multidetector row computed tomography), we evaluated the prevalence of occult coronary artery disease (CAD), plaque composition, and the potential of this new technology to impact risk stratification in 1,000 middle-aged asymptomatic subjects. This is the first large population study conducted to assess the use of CTA to identify occult CAD in asymptomatic subjects. Although we found that the prevalence of CAD in an apparently healthy asymptomatic population is not negligible, considering present radiation dose and additional tests and treatment, we cannot conclude that this technology should be immediately implemented as a screening tool.
We aimed to observe the combined effects of Gaussian graphical model (GGM)-derived dietary patterns and the gastric microbiome on the risk of gastric cancer (GC) in a Korean population. The study ...included 268 patients with GC and 288 healthy controls. Food intake was assessed using a 106-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. GGMs were applied to derive dietary pattern networks. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed using DNA extracted from gastric biopsy samples. The fruit pattern network was inversely associated with the risk of GC for the highest vs. lowest tertiles in the total population (odds ratio (OR): 0.47; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.28-0.77;
for trend = 0.003) and in females (OR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.17-0.83;
for trend = 0.021). Males who had a low microbial dysbiosis index (MDI) and high vegetable and seafood pattern score showed a significantly reduced risk of GC (OR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.22-0.91;
-interaction = 0.021). Females who had a low MDI and high dairy pattern score showed a significantly reduced risk of GC (OR: 0.23; 95% CI: 0.07-0.76;
-interaction = 0.018). Our novel findings revealed that vegetable and seafood pattern might interact with dysbiosis to attenuate the risk of GC in males, whereas the dairy pattern might interact with dysbiosis to reduce the GC risk in females.
Background & Aims It is not clear whether screening for gastric cancer by upper endoscopy or upper gastrointestinal (UGI) series examinations (looking at the upper and middle sections of the ...gastrointestinal tract by imaging techniques) reduces mortality. Nevertheless, the Korean National Cancer Screening Program for gastric cancer was launched in 1999 to screen individuals 40 years and older for gastric cancer using these techniques. We evaluated the effectiveness of these techniques in gastric cancer detection and compared their effects on mortality in the Korean population. Methods We performed a nested case−control study using data from the Korean National Cancer Screening Program for gastric cancer since 2002. A total of 16,584,283 Korean men and women, aged 40 years and older, comprised the cancer-free cohort. Case subjects (n = 54,418) were defined as individuals newly diagnosed with gastric cancer from January 2004 through December 2009 and who died before December 2012. Cases were matched with controls (subjects who were alive on the date of death of the corresponding case subject, n = 217,672) for year of entry into the study cohort, age, sex, and socioeconomic status. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained via conditional logistic regression analysis. Results Compared with subjects who had never been screened, the overall OR for dying from gastric cancer among ever-screened subjects was 0.79 (95% CI, 0.77–0.81). According to screening modality, the ORs of death from gastric cancer were 0.53 (95% CI, 0.51–0.56) for upper endoscopy and 0.98 (95% CI, 0.95–1.01) for UGI series. As the number of endoscopic screening tests performed per subject increased, the ORs of death from gastric cancer decreased: 0.63 (95% CI, 0.57–0.63), 0.32 (95% CI, 0.28–0.37), and 0.19 (95% CI, 0.14–0.26) for once, twice, and 3 or more times, respectively. Conclusions Within the Korean National Cancer Screening Program, patients who received an upper endoscopy were less likely to die from gastric cancer; no associations were found for UGI series.
infection is one of the most common infectious diseases worldwide. Although the prevalence of
is gradually decreasing, approximately half of the world's population still becomes infected with this ...disease.
is responsible for substantial gastrointestinal morbidity worldwide, with a high disease burden. It is the most common cause of gastric and duodenal ulcers and gastric cancer. Since the revision of the
clinical practice guidelines in 2013 in Korea, the eradication rate of
has gradually decreased with the use of a clarithromycin-based triple therapy for 7 days. According to a nationwide randomized controlled study conducted by the Korean College of
and Upper Gastrointestinal Research released in 2018, the intention-to-treat eradication rate was only 63.9%, which was mostly due to increased antimicrobial resistance, especially from clarithromycin. The clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of
were updated according to evidence-based medicine from a meta-analysis conducted on a target group receiving the latest level of eradication therapy. The draft recommendations developed based on the meta-analysis were finalized after an expert consensus on three recommendations regarding the indication for treatment and eight recommendations for the treatment itself. These guidelines were designed to provide clinical evidence for the treatment (including primary care treatment) of
infection to patients, nurses, medical school students, policymakers, and clinicians. These may differ from current medical insurance standards and will be revised if more evidence emerges in the future.
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