Background: Pregnant women are said to have higher stress levels than non-pregnant women, but as non US studies have shown, stress increased during the pandemic due to the unique circumstances of ...unpredictability, fear of infection, limited access to health services, and financial uncertainty. The aim of this study was to determine the extent of stress associated with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic among pregnant women in Slovenia and to determine in which areas they experienced the greatest stress. Methods: A descriptive and causal non-experimental method of empirical research was used. The research approach was based on quantitative research, and a validated questionnaire—Pandemic-Related Pregnancy Stress Scale (PREPS) was used as the research instrument. Eleven hundred and four pregnant women participated in the study. Results: We found that more than one-third of the participants experienced high levels of stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data demonstrated that those who were pregnant for the first time, had a high-risk pregnancy, experienced income loss, and were in their second or third trimester had higher levels of stress. The highest stress level was reported due to concern about infection. More specifically, 54.4% of pregnant women experienced high levels of stress related to fear of infection and in 47% high stress levels were related to fear with regard to childbirth. Conclusions: Respondents reported a range of mild to severe stress. They worried about the baby, about the need for isolation during labor and delivery, and about losing their social network in the postpartum period. It is important to know that stress during pregnancy also affects the fetus. We suggest that it would be useful to screen pregnant women for stress, with PREPS being used for this purpose. All women with high stress levels should be offered interventions, e.g., online stress reduction counselling.
Članek govori o podpori priseljencem in njihovih potrebah pri učenju jezika za potrebe dela z vidika delovne organizacije. Ta podpora ni pomembna samo za uspešno opravljanje delovnih nalog, temveč ...tudi za uspešno socialno vključenost priseljencev v delovno in družbeno okolje. V raziskavi je bil uporabljen kombiniran kvantitativno-kvalitativni raziskovalni pristop. Avtorje je zanimalo, na kakšen način organizirati jezikovno izobraževanje na delovnem mestu za tujce ter s kakšnimi izzivi se pri tem soočajo slovenske organizacije, ki zaposlujejo tujce. Na podlagi opravljene raziskave so razvili priporočila za prakso za organizacije, ki zaposlujejo tujce.
PROBLEM
Dyspareunia research following childbirth usually includes women who received an episiotomy during childbirth. Few studies have examined dyspareunia after childbirth in women who had no ...episiotomy or perineal trauma.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence of dyspareunia in women with perineal trauma related to childbirth to women without perineal trauma related to childbirth. The second aim was to assess risk factors for dyspareunia after childbirth.
METHODS
A quantitative cross-sectional study was designed and data were collected from a questionnaire that were sent via the internet (online). The study was performed in Slovenia. The study design included purposive and snowball sampling. Participants were assured anonymity.
Analysis of data was conducted using SPSS 20.0. Factor analysis determined the validity and Cronbach's coefficient alpha determined the reliability of the questionnaire. The adequacy of a correlation matrix for factorization was assessed with the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test and the Bartlett's test. To determine statistically significant differences, the chi-square (χ2) test was used. Kullback-Leibler divergence was used to measure how one probability distribution was different from the other probability distribution when the χ2 test was not satisfactory.
FINDINGS
There were 387 respondents to the online questionnaire and 22% of the women who received an episiotomy prior to childbirth reported dyspareunia after childbirth; 13.69% reporteddyspareunia when they had no perineal trauma associated with childbirth. Dyspareunia persisted up to 18 months in 11% of participants who had an episiotomy and in 8% of women who experienced no perineal trauma.
DISCUSSION
After an atraumatic childbirth, women can also experience dyspareunia. Pregnant women may benefit when their provider knows the risk factors for dyspareunia and limits episiotomy to those situations when there is a clear indication. Additional research may elucidate risk factors for dyspareunia following an atraumatic delivery.
Introduction: The COVID-19 epidemic and its restrictions have affected all aspects of people’s lives, including health-related quality of life and, considering sexuality as an integral part of ...individual needs, also intimacy and sexuality. Therefore, the aim of this article was to investigate women’s sexual functioning and health-related quality of life assessment in Slovenian women in the reproductive period. Methods: An online survey with valid questionnaires (short form 36 SF-36 and Female sexual function index FSFI-19) was conducted in January 2022. All research ethical measures were taken to ensure the integrity of the participants. Results: The FSFI scale score was 25.37 ± 8.29, 1.18 points above the cutoff point, indicating a higher risk of sexual dysfunction (26.55). The estimated prevalence of sexual dysfunction was 36.8%, with sexual desire being the most problematic area. The mean score on the SF-36 scale in our sample reached 73.52 ± 13.84 on a 100-point scale, with 0 representing the worst and 100 the best quality of life; fatigue (x̅ = 48.50) was the most problematic category. The results partly reflect the results of foreign studies, but we must be aware of cultural differences in the understanding of sexuality and keep in mind that some countries faced difficult circumstances during the COVID-19 pandemic and that social constraints were different in 2020 than in 2022. Conclusion: The epidemic affected the sexual function of women of reproductive age and their perception of (health-related) quality of life.
The aim was to investigate first-care procedures for the newborn's umbilical cord at maternity hospitals in Slovenia and Croatia. The study was based on an empirical survey research approach and ...quantitative research paradigms and included all Slovenian (n=14) and all Croatian (n=35) maternity hospitals. Leaders of midwifery team of 14 Slovenian and 35 Croatian labor wards were invited to participate. The study was conducted in 2013, with 67% of Slovenian and 66% of Croatian maternity hospitals having responded. A causal and non-experimental method of empirical research was used. The research instrument was a questionnaire. Descriptive statistics was used on data analysis. The independence hypothesis was tested with the χ2-test or Kullback 2Î-test. A vast ma-jority of study wards employed delayed umbilical cord clamping, i.e. clamping the cord after pulsa-tion had ceased. Only 10% of Slovenian in comparison with 36.4% of Croatian maternity hospitals practiced dry cord care. Others applied disinfectant on the cord, in Slovenia most frequently 6% po-tassium permanganate, and in Croatia a combination of octenidine and phenoxyethanol. Most Croa-tian -maternity wards (95.7%) still covered the stump, while it was not regular practice in Slovenia. The authors estimate that the prevailing Slovenian and Croatian practices in regard to cord clamping are in accordance with the evidence, while improvements could be made regarding stump care, since dry cord care is the recommended method.
Episiotomy is a surgical cut of the perineum performed in the second stage of labor in order to widen the vaginal opening and thus facilitate the birth of an infant. Despite current recommendations ...against the routine use of episiotomy, it is one of the most commonly performed surgical interventions during childbirth. This retrospective study explores the number of episiotomies performed in Slovenian maternity hospitals and the differences in episiotomy rates in relation to parity. Data were obtained from the Slovenian National Perinatal Information System and pooled for 2013. A causal and non‐experimental method of empirical research was used. The results of the study show that episiotomy rates vary widely across Slovenian maternity hospitals, ranging from 2.5% to 51.7%. Moreover, the majority of Slovenian maternity hospitals exceed the recommended rate, with an overall incidence of episiotomy as high as 31.3%. Further research is recommended to obtain relevant information from women as well as from midwives and to draw new, evidence‐based conclusions related to the maternal benefits and adverse effects of episiotomy.
Uvod: V prispevku predstavljamo rezultate raziskave, s katero smo proučevali izvajanje preventivnih aktivnosti za varovanje reproduktivnega zdravja žensk v Sloveniji v predporodnem in poporodnem ...obdobju. Namen kvantitativne raziskave je bil proučiti pojavnost in vsebino predporodne in poporodne obravnave žensk v Sloveniji.Metode: Presečna raziskava je potekala od marca 2015 do marca 2022. Podatki so bili zbrani z anketnim vprašalnikom, na priložnostnem vzorcu 2.102 žensk. Analiza podatkov je vključevala osnovno deskriptivno statistiko z izračuni frekvenc in odstotkov. Za analizo razlik med ženskami prvorodnicami in ženskami mnogorodnicami smo uporabili Hi-kvadrat preizkus. Statistična značilnost je bila upoštevana na ravni petodstotnega tveganja.Rezultati: Raziskava je pokazala, da so v času nosečnosti obiski s strani medicinskih sester v patronažnem varstvu zelo redki (14 %). Po ocenah žensk je bila najpogosteje zastopana vsebina obiska poučevanje nosečnice o stanjih, v katerih mora ženska takoj v porodnišnico (61 %). Največ otročnic (22 %) in njihovih novorojenčkov je bilo po porodu deležnih štirih obiskov medicinskih sester v patronažnem varstvu. Ženske po porodu so bile najpogosteje deležne svetovanja s področja dojenja – prednosti dojenja in materinega mleka za otroka (79 %), medtem ko je bila obravnava novorojenčka največkrat namenjena kopanju (92 %).Diskusija in zaključek: Iz rezultatov je razvidno, da sta v slovenski praksi pojavnost in vsebina obiskov nosečnic in otročnic s strani medicinske sestre v patronažnem varstvu/babice različni. Pri pregledu otročnic so obravnave v večji meri bolj kot na otročnico osredotočene na novorojenčka, kar kaže seznam treh najpogosteje izvedenih intervencij na poporodnih obiskih: svetovanje o prednostih dojenja, položajih pri dojenju in prehrani med dojenjem.
The purpose of the study was to identify views of Slovenian midwifery students about menstruation. We were interested in whether opinions about menstruation change during the study of midwifery and ...whether perceptions are affected by a midwifery philosophy that promotes the physiology of female reproduction. We used a descriptive and causal non-experimental empirical method with a literature review of professional and scientific references as a first step. Findings were upgraded with quantitative findings. Descriptive statistics were performed; statistically significant differences were determined by χ2 -test and Kullback 2Î test. A high proportion of respondents reported negative feelings about menarche, however they were currently in general positive towards menstruation; third-year students were more positive than first-year students. Compared with past Slovenian studies, performed in the general population of students, midwifery students show more open attitudes regarding menstruation, which may partially be the result of promoting a physiological view on menstruation and reproduction throughout the study programme. Based on our results we conclude that the socialisation processes that occurs during professional midwifery education should promote and encourage a midwifery model of care which is based on respect for the intricacy of physiology; in this case the menstrual and reproductive cycle. Midwifery study programmes that enable practical training in settings that promote physiological birth promote better midwifery philosophy about the physiology of female reproductive cycles; therefore these students take a more physiological view of menstruation.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
In Slovenia there is a unitary system of early education for all preschool-aged children. Since the vast majority of children attend full-day programmes, the daily routine represents a significant ...part of life for children in kindergarten. When systemic and curricular reform of preschools was introduced at the end of the twentieth century, lot of attention was paid to changing the previously rigid and non-individualised daily routine. This article presents some of the findings of a research project that introduced principles of Reggio Emilia preschools in Italy to preschool teachers in Slovenia and concerned indirectly the daily routine. The focus was on whether and in what manner the daily routine changed in the decade after the introduction of the new national curriculum, and whether the mentioned training influenced these changes. The results show increased flexibility of the daily routine in teachers' practices but the picture is not uniformly positive.
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