Advanced Rubber Composites Heinrich, G. (Gert); Basak, G. C
2011, 20100731, 2014-07-30, Letnik:
239
eBook, Book
Morphology-Property Relationship in Rubber-Based Nanocomposites: Some Recent Developments, by A. K. Bhowmick, M. Bhattacharya, S. Mitra, K. Dinesh Kumar, P. K. Maji, A. Choudhury, J. J. George and G. ...C. Basak; * Rubber-Clay Nanocomposites: Some Recent Results, by Amit Das, De-Yi Wang, Klaus Werner Stöckelhuber, René Jurk, Juliane Fritzsche, Manfred Klüppel and Gert Heinrich; * Surface Modification of Fillers and Curatives by Plasma Polymerization for Enhanced Performance of Single Rubbers and Dissimilar Rubber/Rubber Blends, by J. W. M. Noordermeer, R. N. Datta, W. K. Dierkes, R. Guo, T. Mathew, A. G. Talma, M. Tiwari and W. van Ooij; * Recent Developments on Thermoplastic Elastomers by Dynamic Vulcanization, by R. Rajesh Babu and Kinsuk Naskar; * PTFE-Based Rubber Composites for Tribological Applications, by M. S. Khan and G. Heinrich
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) develops on the background of chronic hepatitis. Leukocytes found within the HCC microenvironment are implicated as regulators of tumour growth. We show that ...diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced murine HCC is attenuated by antibody-mediated depletion of hepatic neutrophils, the latter stimulating hepatocellular ROS and telomere DNA damage. We additionally report a previously unappreciated tumour suppressor function for hepatocellular nfkb1 operating via p50:p50 dimers and the co-repressor HDAC1. These anti-inflammatory proteins combine to transcriptionally repress hepatic expression of a S100A8/9, CXCL1 and CXCL2 neutrophil chemokine network. Loss of nfkb1 promotes ageing-associated chronic liver disease (CLD), characterized by steatosis, neutrophillia, fibrosis, hepatocyte telomere damage and HCC. Nfkb1S340A/S340A mice carrying a mutation designed to selectively disrupt p50:p50:HDAC1 complexes are more susceptible to HCC; by contrast, mice lacking S100A9 express reduced neutrophil chemokines and are protected from HCC. Inhibiting neutrophil accumulation in CLD or targeting their tumour-promoting activities may offer therapeutic opportunities in HCC.
A 6‐year‐old, male castrated, domestic shorthair cat presented with a 2‐week history of blindness following general anesthesia. Behavioral changes, lethargy, inappetence and neurological deficits ...were also noted. Ophthalmic evaluation revealed blindness, normal pupillary light response and dazzle response, but no other abnormalities. Serodiagnostic testing for common infectious agents was negative and a cerebrospinal fluid analysis was normal. History and postmortem examination following euthanasia revealed cerebrocortical necrosis most consistent with anesthesia related hypoxia.
Molecular targets of known risk factors for the development of urological tumors, such as age, smoking, and adiposity, have not yet been elucidated. Hypermethylation of CpG islands in promoters can ...lead to silencing of gene expression and has frequently been detected in tumors. Age-dependent accumulation of methylation of gene promoters has been observed in various normal tissues and is discussed as a common risk factor for carcinogenesis.Here we describe the RASSF1A tumor suppressor gene as exhibiting an age-dependent promoter methylation in normal kidney tissue, which is additionally affected by the risk factors of anthracosis and adiposity. Furthermore, we found significantly increased methylation of the RASSF1A promoter when comparing peripheral versus central zone prostatic tissue samples.Preliminary expression analysis indicates that RASSF1A could be involved in early tumorigenesis. Our results support the hypothesis that age and other lifestyle-dependent factors may influence promoter methylation of specific genes, possibly serving as future individual tumor risk markers.
Zusammenfassung
Der molekulare Zusammenhang zwischen bekannten Risikofaktoren wie Alter, Rauchen, Adipositas und der Entstehung urologischer Tumoren ist bisher unklar. Die Hypermethylierung von ...Promotor-CpG-Inseln ist mit einer unterdrückten Genaktivität assoziiert und wird häufig in Tumoren beobachtet. Die aberrierende Methylierung von Genpromotoren wurde aber auch in einer altersabhängigen Weise in normalen Geweben beobachtet und als Risikofaktor für die Karzinogenese vorgeschlagen.
Wir beschreiben hier, dass das RASSF1A-Tumorsuppressorgen in normalem Nierengewebe eine altersabhängige Methylierung, die zusätzlich durch die Risikofaktoren Anthrakose und Adipositas beeinflusst wird, aufweist. Des Weiteren wurden für die RASSF1A-Promotormethylierung signifikant höhere Werte in peripheren Anteilen der Prostata im Vergleich zu der zentralen Zone erhalten.
Erste Expressionsuntersuchungen weisen darauf hin, dass RASSF1A an frühen Ereignissen der Tumorentstehung beteiligt sein könnte. Im Zusammenhang mit weiteren, kürzlich in der Literatur beschriebenen Ergebnissen führt dies zu der Hypothese, dass die altersabhängige bzw. durch andere Lebensfaktoren beeinflusste Promotormethylierung spezifischer Gene zukünftig die Einschätzung des individuellen Tumorrisikos ermöglichen könnte.
The antinausea and antivomiting effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in children receiving cancer chemotherapy were compared with those of metoclopramide syrup and prochlorperazine tablets ...in two double-blind studies. THC was found to be a significantly better antinausea and antivomiting agent, but not all patients obtained relief of nausea and vomiting with THC. In some patients, THC enhanced appetite during a course of chemotherapy. In two patients, a "high" associated with THC administrationwas reported. Drowsiness was reported significantly more frequently with THC.
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