This book presents a selection of papers on advanced technologies for 3D printing and additive manufacturing, and demonstrates how these technologies have changed the face of direct, digital ...technologies for the rapid production of models, prototypes and patterns.
A series of new arylsulfonamide-based 3-acetyl-2-methyl-4-phenylquinolines were synthesized. Initially, 1-(2-methyl-6-nitro-4-phenylquinolin-3-yl)ethanone was synthesized and its nitro function ...reduced using zinc dust and ammonium chloride, leading to formation of 1-(6-amino-2-methyl-4-phenylquinolin-3-yl)ethanone, which in turn was converted to the corresponding arylsulfonamides by treatment with various substituted sulfonyl chlorides. The synthesized derivatives were evaluated for antibacterial activity against a series of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and for antifungal activity against
Candida
strains,
Aspergillus niger
(
A. niger
), and
Issatchenkia hanoiensis
(
I. hanoiensis
). Compound
5a
showed prominent 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity with half-maximal effective concentration (EC
50
) of 9.78 ± 1.68 μg mL
−1
. Compound
5f
exhibited considerable antifungal activity minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.89 µg mL
−1
against
A. niger
MTCC1344. Compounds
5e
,
f
showed excellent antibacterial activity (MIC 4.68 µg mL
−1
) against
Klebsiella planticola
MTCC2277.
A series of 3-substituted-4-arylquinoline derivatives were synthesized using 3-acetyl-4-arylquinoline. The acetyl function of 3-acetyl-4-arylquinoline was successfully converted into its ...corresponding enaminone using DMFDMA as a reagent which in turn successfully converted into pyrazole, isoxazole, pyrimidine, phenyl aminoprop-2-en-1-one, pyridin-2-yl-amino-prop-2-en-1-one, 2-methylpyridine-3-carboxylate by treating with reagents such as hydrazine, hydroxylamine, guanidine hydrochloride, aniline, 2-amino pyridine, ethyl acetoacetate, respectively, under solvent-free microwave irradiation as well as under the conventional thermal heating processes. All the synthesized compounds were found to be obtained in better yields under the microwave irradiation over the conventional process.
Graphical abstract
Laser metal deposition (LMD) is a layer manufacturing technique, which is used in freeform fabrication and repair applications of critical aerospace engine components. This paper focuses on ...deposition of Inconel 718 material for refurbishment of existing Inconel 718 components. The benefits of LMD process are good metallurgical bonding with less heat-affected zone when compared to traditional metal joining processes. To achieve best bonding between layers of deposited Inconel 718 it is important to optimize laser metal deposition parameters. In order to study the process parameter techniques and their effects on the deposited part from the point of mechanical and metallurgical strengths specific to aerospace applications, Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array technique has been used. The optimal process parameters have been found from the experimental trails to achieve the fine microstructure, maximum hardness and reduced porosity, which finally lead to good bonding strength of the deposit. Using analysis of variance (ANOVA), effect of process parameters on the deposit were identified and verification tests were conducted to determine performance of the optimal process parameters. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed increased hardness and presence of high intensities of Ni3Al intermetallic elements in the optimized test specimens. The optimized results revealed improved properties in repairing of aero engine components using Inconel 718 powder.
A series of 3,4-dihydro-9-arylacridin-1(2
)-ones was synthesized and enaminone function was introduced at the C-2 position using DMFDMA catalyst which in turn successfully converted into pyrazole, ...isoxazol, 1-phenyl-1
-pyrazole by treating it with reagents such as hydrazine, hydroxylamine and phenylhydrazine. These newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against a series of Gram-Positive bacteria including Staphylococcus
, Bacillus
, Staphylococcus
MLS16 and Gram-Negative bacteria including Klebsiella
, Escherichia
and Pseudomonas
and also against fungal strains including Candida
, Candida
, Candida
, Candida
, Aspergillus
and Issatchenkia
. The compounds
and
exhibited considerable antifungal activity (MIC value 0.007 and 0.006 μM) against Candida
and Aspergillus
respectively. The compound
showed excellent antibacterial activity towards Escherichia
(MIC = 0.003 μM) and the compound
found to show prominent DPPH radical scavenging activity with EC
value 16.85±1.5μg mL
A series of new pyrrolidine-appended phenoxy-substituted quinoline derivatives were synthesized using 2-chloro-3-formyl quinoline. Initially, the second position of 2-chloro-3-formyl quinoline was ...successfully converted into various substituted phenoxy-substituted quinolines using various substituted phenols; then, its aldehyde function was reduced to its corresponding alcohols which is in turn converted into its corresponding pyrrolidine-appended phenoxy-substituted quinolines by treating it with 1-(2-chloroacetyl)pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile. All these newly synthesized compounds were subjected to the in silico studies with the α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes to predict the binding affinity.
In a search for α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors to treat type II diabetes, a new series of
N
-(3-acetyl-2-methyl-4-phenylquinolin-6-yl)arylamides were synthesized from ...3-acetyl-2-methyl-4-phenylquinolines. Initially, nitro function of 1-(2-methyl-6-nitro-4-phenylquinolin-3-yl) ethanone was converted into the corresponding amine by grinding it with zinc dust and ammonium chloride (reducing agent) which in turn successfully converted into the
N
-(3-acetyl-2-methyl-4-phenylquinolin-6-yl) arylamides by treating it with coupling reagents such as EDC, HATU, and DCC. All the synthesized compounds were found to afford excellent yields with HATU, moderate in EDC, and very less in DCC and hence, HATU was considered as a suitable coupling reagent. These analogs are structurally characterized by NMR, NMR-DEPT, and HRMS. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for in-silico and in-vitro α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activity using acarbose as standard and all the compounds showed positive results by in-silico and in-vitro α-amylase inhibition assay. Among the tested compounds, compound
5c
and
5d
in α
-
glucosidase as well as in α
-
amylase are found to have least binding energy value. These compounds found to form more stable ligand–receptor complex amongst other compounds. In addition, in experimental part, also the compounds
5c
and
5d
exhibited 56.90 ± 0.77% and 59.46 ± 0.61% of the higher potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC
50
values 171.75 ± 3.95 µmol/mL and 171.67 ± 1.57 µmol/mL significantly (
p
< 0.05) compared to the remaining seven test samples. And similarly, the compound
5c
and
5d
possessed α-amylase inhibitory activity at a concentration of 100 µg/mL (55.42 ± 0.42% and 55.42 ± 1.14%) with IC
50
values 138.92 ± 4.44 µmol/mL and 158.78 ± 2.34 µmol/mL.
Laser metal deposition is an additive manufacturing process, which is used to produce functional metal parts or repair existing parts. This paper focuses on deposition of Ti-6Al-4V material for ...remanufacturing of existing Ti-6Al-4V components. Optimization of laser metal deposition process parameters is significant in achieving good metallurgical and mechanical properties such as fine grain structure and bonding strength for aerospace applications. Taguchi's L9 orthogonal array method has been adopted to optimize the laser power, powder feed rate and scan speed. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to study the effect of process parameters on the deposit and verification trial experiments were conducted to ascertain the optimum process parameters performance. Residual stress measurement results revealed that the residual stress is compressive and significantly higher in optimized test specimen with good bonding strength. The optimized results shown that enhanced properties in refurbishment of aero engine parts using Ti-6Al-4V powder material.
Abstract
Ensembl Genomes (https://www.ensemblgenomes.org) provides access to non-vertebrate genomes and analysis complementing vertebrate resources developed by the Ensembl project ...(https://www.ensembl.org). The two resources collectively present genome annotation through a consistent set of interfaces spanning the tree of life presenting genome sequence, annotation, variation, transcriptomic data and comparative analysis. Here, we present our largest increase in plant, metazoan and fungal genomes since the project's inception creating one of the world's most comprehensive genomic resources and describe our efforts to reduce genome redundancy in our Bacteria portal. We detail our new efforts in gene annotation, our emerging support for pangenome analysis, our efforts to accelerate data dissemination through the Ensembl Rapid Release resource and our new AlphaFold visualization. Finally, we present details of our future plans including updates on our integration with Ensembl, and how we plan to improve our support for the microbial research community. Software and data are made available without restriction via our website, online tools platform and programmatic interfaces (available under an Apache 2.0 license). Data updates are synchronised with Ensembl's release cycle.
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