Investors, companies and people who have savings invest real estate because the expectation of the increasing future value of it. The correctly determination of the real estate value is important. ...The impact of the development of cities generally is not taken into account to detect the value of real estate. This study aims to determine whether there is a significantly difference in the investment of real estate to the south and west of the cities rather than other parts of that. For this reason, percentage change in real estate value per m2 in the five largest cities of Turkey, is analysed according to geographical location and direction of cities. As a result, the return on real estate investment at the south and west of cities is a significantly difference compared to investment in other parts of those.
ABSTRACT IN TURKISH: Temel kurulus amaci fiyat istikrarini saglamak olan T.C. Merkez Bankasi bu faaliyetini yerine getirmek icin doviz, hazine, altin ve acik piyasa islemleri gibi bir dizi ...faaliyetlerinin yani sira zorunlu rezerv ve reeskont oranlarinda yaptigi duzenlemelerle piyasalari rahatlatarak ekonomide olusabilecek problemleri cozmeye calismaktadir. T.C. Merkez Bankasi fiyat istikrarini saglamak icin yapmis oldugu bu islemler sonucunda kar veya zarar elde edebilmektedir. Merkez Bankasinin hangi islemler sonucunda kar veya zarar elde ettiginin ayrintili olarak incelenmesi ve bu islemler sonucunda elde ettigi kar veya zararin makro ekonomik gostergelerle olan iliskisi calismanin amacini olusturmaktadir. Bunun tespiti icin kullanilan OLS yontemine gore makro gostergeler iyiye gittiginde T.C. Merkez Bankasinin kar elde etmedigi, ozellikle kriz donemleri gibi gostergelerin olumsuza dondugu zamanlarda yuksek karliliklarinin olustugu gorulmektedir. // ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH: In order to fulfill its basic activity that is to maintain price stability, TC Central Bank attempts to solve the probable economic problems by carrying out a range of activities such as the foreign exchange, treasury, gold, and open market operations as well as making the market relax by means of regulating compulsory reserves and accrual rates. To ensure price stability, TC Central Bank might make profits or losses as a result of this process. The purpose of the study is to analyze which operations cause the central bank to make a profit or loss and show the relationship between the profit or loss that is made as a result of this process and macro-economic indicators. According to OLS method used for the detection of this, when macro indicators get better TC Central Bank does not make a profit; however, during some periods like crisis periods, when the indicators turned negative, it has been observed that high probability occurs. web URL: http://iibfdergi.nigde.edu.tr/article/view/5000078982
Sağlık hizmet sunumunda kritik role sahip kurumlar olan hastanelerin üretim süreçlerindeki etkinliklerinin sağlanması bir gerekliliktir. Bu araştırma ile Türkiye’de kullanılan hastane sınıflandırma ...sistemine göre A-1 ve A-2 grubu hastanelerin 2018-2020 yıllarına ait verilerini kullanarak bulundukları illerin sağlık alanındaki etkinliklerinin ölçülmesi ve etkinliklerinin yıllar içerisindeki değişimlerinin ortaya çıkarılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, araştırmada non-parametrik bir yöntem olan Veri Zarflama Analizi (VZA) ve Malmquist Toplam Faktör Verimlilik İndeksi (MTFVİ) yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. A-1 grubundaki illerin ölçeğe göre sabit getiri varsayımı altında yapılan VZA’ne göre (CCR modeli) üç yıl için sırasıyla %53,1; %53,1; %56,2’si etkindir. Ölçeğe göre değişken getiri varsayımı altında (BCC Modeli) yapılan analize göre ise etkin olan illerin oranı %65,6; %68,7; %75’tir. Bu iki analiz sonucunda etkin olmayan iller için örnek almaları gereken iller belirlenmiş ve etkin sınırda üretim için girdi değişkenlerinde yapılması gereken değişiklikler ile ilgili önerilerde bulunulmuştur. MTFVİ sonuçlarına göre, 2018-2019 periyodunda 24 ilin; 2019-2020 periyodunda 8 ilin toplam faktör verimliliklerinde iyileşme olduğu görülmüştür. A-2 grubunda ise CCR modeline göre illerin %45,4, %36,3 ve %27,2’si; BCC modeline göre %66,6, %63,6 ve % 45,4’ü etkindir. MTFVİ sonuçlarına bakıldığında ise, 2018-2019 periyodunda 23; 2019-2020 periyodunda ise 17 ilin toplam faktör verimliliklerinde iyileşme olmuştur. Her iki periyotta da bu iyileşmelerin kaynağının neredeyse tüm illerde sadece teknolojik ilerlemeler olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Etkinlik Analizi, Veri Zarflama Analizi, Malmquist Toplam Faktör Verimlilik İndeksi
JEL Sınıflandırması: D24, I10, G20
Hospitals must be efficient in their production processes because they play a critical role in providing health services. This study aims to measure the efficiency of provinces in the field of health and to reveal changes in their activities over time by using data from the group A-1 and A-2 hospitals in Turkey's hospital classification system for the years 2018-2020. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), a non-parametric efficiency method and Malmquist Total Factor Productivity Index (MTFPI) method was used in this study. According to the DEA (CCR model) made under the assumption of constant returns to scale in the group A-1, 53.1%, 53.1% and 56.2% of the provinces are efficient for three years, respectively. According to the analysis made under the assumption of variable returns to scale (BCC Model), the ratio of the provinces that are efficient is 65.6%, 68.7% and 75%. As a result of these two analyses, benchmarks were determined for the inefficient provinces and suggestions were made regarding the changes that should be made in the input variables for production at the efficient border. According to the MTFPI results, it was observed that there was an improvement in the total factor productivity of 24 provinces in the 2018-2019 period and 8 provinces in the 2019-2020 period. According to the CCR model, 45.4%, 36.3% and 27.2% of the provinces in the group A-2; According to the BCC model, 66.6%, 63.6% and 45.4% are efficient. According to MTFPI results, the total factor productivity of 23 provinces in the first period and 17 provinces in the second period improved. In both periods, it was concluded that the source of these improvements was only technological advances in almost all provinces.
Key Words: Efficiency Analysis, Data Envelopment Analysis, Malmquist Total Factor Productivity Index
JEL Classification: D24, I10, G20
Saǧlık hizmet sunumunda kritik role sahip kurumlar olan hastanelerin üretim süreçlerindeki etkinliklerinin saǧlanması bir gerekliliktir. Bu araştırma ile Türkiye'de kullanılan hastane sınıflandırma ...sistemine göre А-l ve A-2 grubu hastanelerin 2018-2020 yıllarına ait verilerini kullanarak bulundukları illerin saǧlık alanındaki etkinliklerinin ölçülmesi ve etkinliklerinin yıllar içerisindeki deǧişimlerinin ortaya çıkarılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, araştırmada non-par ametrik bir yöntem olan Veri Zarflama Analizi (VZA) ve Malmquist Toplam Faktör Verimlilik İndeksi (MTFVİ) yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. А-l grubundaki illerin ölçeǧe göre sabit getiri varsayımı altında yapılan VZA'ne göre (CCR modeli) üç yıl için sırasıyla %53,1; %53,1; %56,2'si etkindir. Ölçeǧe göre deǧişken getiri varsayımı altında (BCC Modeli) yapılan analize göre ise etkin olan illerin oranı %65,6; %68,7; %75 'tir. Bu iki analiz sonucunda etkin olmayan iller için örnek almaları gereken iller belirlenmiş ve etkin sınırda üretim için girdi deǧişkenlerinde yapılması gereken deǧişiklikler ile ilgili önerilerde bulunulmuştur. MTFVİsonuçlarına göre, 2018-2019periyodunda 24 ilin; 2019-2020 periyodunda 8 ilin toplam faktör verimliliklerinde iyileşme olduǧu görülmüştür. A-2 grubunda ise CCR modeline göre illerin %45,4, %36,3 ve %27,2 'si; BCC modeline göre %66,6, %63,6ve % 45,4 'ü etkindir. MTFVİ sonuçlarına bakıldıǧında ise, 2018-2019 periyodunda 23; 2019-2020 periyodunda ise 17 ilin toplam faktör verimliliklerinde iyileşme olmuştur. Her iki periyotta da bu iyileşmelerin kaynaǧının neredeyse tüm illerde sadece teknolojik ilerlemeler olduǧu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Background
Permanent junctional reciprocating tachycardia (PJRT) is an infrequent form of atrioventricular re-entrant tachycardia. We report the clinical and electrophysiological properties of PJRT ...and outcomes of radiofrequency catheter ablation (RCA) in a large group of patients.
Methods
We included 62 patients with the diagnosis of PJRT. Radiofrequency catheter ablation was performed in all.
Results
Location of accessory pathway was right posteroseptal in 37 (59,7%) cases, right midseptal in 3 (4,8%), left posterior in 7 (11,3%), left lateral in 5 (8,1%), left posterolateral in 3 (4,8%), left anterolateral in 2 (3,2%), left posteroseptal in 2 (3,2%), middle cardiac vein in 2 (3,2%), and left coronary cusp in 1 (1,6%). Single procedure success rate was 90.3%. None of patients had recurrence during follow-up after repeat ablations. Overall long-term success rate was 98.4%. Left ventricular systolic function recovered in all patients with tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy (TIC).
Conclusion
Retrograde decremental accessory pathways are mainly located in posteroseptal region. Radiofrequency catheter ablation is a safe and effective approach in patients with PJRT.
Objectives
We aimed to evaluate the impact of pretreatment folate and vitamin B
12
deficiencies on the frequency of complications and peripheral blood recovery, in children with acute lymphoblastic ...leukemia (ALL).
Methods
Pre-induction serum folate and vitamin B
12
levels of 88 newly diagnosed ALL patients were evaluated retrospectively. Folate < 3 ng/mL and vitamin B
12
< 200 pg/mL were accepted as deficiency. Median hemoglobin, absolute neutrophil count (ANC), and platelet counts, transfusion needs, and complications such as mucositis, febrile neutropenia (FN), bleeding at diagnosis, at 15th and 33rd day of induction, were assessed. Recovery of peripheral blood count, which was defined as an ANC > 1.0 × 10
9
/L and platelet count > 100 × 10
9
/L at 33rd day of chemotherapy were also evaluated.
Results
Folate or vitamin B
12
deficiencies were observed in 21 (23%) and 40 (45%) children, respectively. Peripheral blood counts, complications rates, and transfusion needs were not statistically different between deficient and normal level groups during induction. The number of febrile days, though not statistically significant, was higher in the both deficient groups. Seventeen of 40 (42.5%) patients with vitamin B
12
-deficient and 12 of 21 (57.1%) folate-deficient patients experienced at least one episode of FN during induction. FN was more common in folate-deficient group, but that was not statistically significant. Complete peripheral blood recovery at 33rd day of induction was seen in 40% in the vitamin B12-deficient group and 28.6% in folate-deficient group. Peripheral blood recovery rate at day 33 was also similar in both deficient and normal level groups.
Conclusion
Although pre-induction low serum levels of vitamin B
12
and folate did not have statistically significant impact on disease-/treatment-related complications and peripheral blood recovery at induction, the frequency of FN and number of febrile day were higher in both deficiencies and folate-deficient patients, respectively.
A new method has been developed for the extraction and determination of zinc and nickel in liquid edible oils by using the complexation of these metals with ...N,N′‐bis(salicylidene)‐2,2′‐dimethyl‐1,3‐propanediaminato. Zn(II) and Ni(II) complexes with a tetradentate Schiff base have been investigated spectrophotometrically. Experimental extraction conditions for these metals from liquid oil standards were optimized using central composite design. Optimum conditions for Zn(II) and Ni(II) extractions from oil have been found close to each other. The ratio of the volume of used Schiff base solution to the amount of oil (VLDM/moil; mL/g), the stirring time and the temperature were round about 1.00 mL/g, 55 min, 32°C, respectively, for simultaneous determination of both metals in same sample. The recovery percentages at the optimum experimental conditions were found 98.9 ± 2.8 and 101.8 ± 4.7 for Zn(II) and Ni(II), respectively. The proposed method was applied on the raw and spiked samples such as olive oil, sunflower oil, corn oil, canola oil and obtained recovery values were between 93.7–107.2 and 93.1–101.1% for Zn(II) and Ni(II), respectively.
Practical applications: There is interest in the determination of metals in liquid edible oils because of their catalytic effect on the oxidation reaction of oils. A new method for the determination of Zn(II) and Ni(II) in liquid edible oils which does not require any digestion or decomposition was developed. This study offeres a cheap, rapid, accurate, sensitive, risk‐free, and practical metal determination method after the extraction.
The molecular structure of N,N′‐bis(salicylidene)‐2,2′‐dimethyl‐1,3‐propanediaminato.
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