Central Europe and the Non-European World in the Long 19th Century explores various ways in which inhabitants of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy perceived and depicted the outside world during the era ...of European imperialism. Focusing particularly on the Czech Lands, Hungary, and Slovakia, with other nations as comparative examples, this collection shows how Central Europeans viewed other regions and their populations, from the Balkans and the Middle East to Africa, China, and America. Although the societies under Habsburg rule found themselves (with rare exceptions) outside the realm of colonialism, their inhabitants also engaged in colonial projects and benefited from these interactions. Rather than taking one “Central European” approach, the volume draws upon accounts not only by writers and travelers, but by painters, missionaries, and other observers, reflecting the diversity that characterized both the region itself and its views of non-Western cultures.
Gracias a la modernización del transporte, tanto marítimo como terrestre, que permitía travesías más cortas, rápidas y seguras, hacia finales del siglo xix se diversificó considerablemente el mercado ...de trabajo en el espacio atlántico y empezaron a entrar en este mercado también los habitantes de regiones que históricamente carecían de acceso al mar. Tal fue el caso de los obreros migrantes de los países checos, unidad geográfica ubicada en el centro del continente europeo, compuesta por las regiones históricas de Bohemia, Moravia y Silesia, que hasta 1526 habían estado bajo el reinado soberano de los reyes de Bohemia. Entre 1526 y 1918 formaban parte del Imperio de los Habsburgo. En 1918, se unieron con Eslovaquia y Rutenia (hasta entonces partes del reino de Hungría, también bajo del gobierno Habsburgo), fundándose así el nuevo Estado de Checoslovaquia. Algunos checos se habían instalado en América desde el siglo xvi, pero no fue sino hasta finales del xix cuando comenzó una gran oleada de los que buscaban trabajo, tierras, a veces libertad política o conocimientos y aventura.
Thanks to the modernization of land and maritime transportation, allowing for shorter, quicker and safer journeys, the Atlantic labor market had considerably diversified by the end of the nineteenth century, incorporating people from regions that had historically lacked access to the sea. Such was the case of the migrant workers from Czechia in Central Europe, composed of the historic regions of Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia, which had been under the sovereign rule of the kings of Bohemia until 1526. Between 1526 and 1918, it formed part of the Habsburg Empire, and in 1918, it joined together with Slovakia and Ruthenia (until then parts of Hungary, which was also under Habsburg rule) to form Czechoslovakia. Czechs had been settling in the Americas since the sixteenth century, but it was not until the late nineteenth when there was a major wave of immigration of Czechs looking for work, land and sometimes political freedom, knowledge or adventure.
The article deals with specific field within the history of science: the institutional as well as biographical history of anthropological and archaeological museums. Through several case studies, ...more general questions are explored, those that inquire into the role of museums in delineating the agenda of anthropology and archaeology; the role of leading personalities of this discipline in envisioning and operating the museum institutions; the relationships between museums and governing institutions in national and (post)colonial contexts, and the interaction of museum with the general public, and specifically with the indigenous groups - that is, the very groups archaeology and anthropology are aiming to study.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The article focuses on the activities of Josef Polišenský in the field of general history, marginalized in Czechoslovak academia. Polišenský recommended the use of domestic archival funds and the ...sources for the history of other lands and peoples deposited in them. These sources were then also to be made accessible by scholars from other countries through editions and translations to help them explain the possible “blank spaces” in their national histories. Thus, the goal was not to amplify the specialized fields of the study of history and culture of specific regions and time periods, but rather to enrich the general history – history of mankind as such – and, ultimately, to revert to the history of Czechoslovakia/the Czech Lands. Besides the “connecting themes” methodology, Polišenský was strongly convinced of the utility of the “view from the outside”, literally the view from Prague, on the crucial problems of world history. This approach he followed also after his forced departure from the Department of World History of the Faculty of Arts of Charles University in 1971 and in the role of director of the Center for Ibero-American studies.
The cultural phenomenon of exhibiting non-European people in front of the European audiences in the 19th and 20th century was concentrated in the metropolises in the western part of the continent. ...Nevertheless, traveling ethnic troupes and temporary exhibitions of non-European humans took place also in territories located to the east of the Oder river and Austria. The contributors to this edited volume present practices of ethnographic shows in Russia, Poland, Czechia, Slovenia, Hungary, Germany, Romania, and Austria and discuss the reactions of local audiences. The essays offer critical arguments to rethink narratives of cultural encounters in the context of ethnic shows. By demonstrating the many ways in which the western models and customs were reshaped, developed, and contested in Central and Eastern European contexts, the authors argue that the dominant way of characterizing these performances as “human zoos” is too narrow. The contributors had to tackle the difficult task of finding traces other than faint copies of official press releases by the tour organizers. The original source material was drawn from local archives, museums, and newspapers of the discussed period. A unique feature of the volume is the rich amount of images that complement every single case study of ethnic shows.
Ce texte porte sur une brève période, au tournant des XIXe et XXe siècles, au cours de laquelle les routes des sociétés tchèque et brésilienne se sont croisées. Durant son séjour dans le sud du ...Brésil en 1907-1908, Vojtěch Frič, un aventurier, explorateur, botaniste et anthropologue tchèque, s’est engagé avec passion dans la protection des habitants indigènes contre l’empiètement des colons allemands sur leurs territoires. La séquence plus particulièrement examinée ici est celle des événements qui ont conduit Frič à dénoncer ces pratiques lors du Congrès des américanistes à Vienne, ainsi que les débats qui ont suivi au Brésil et ont entraîné la création du Service de protection des Indiens (SPI) en 1910. Ainsi, perçoit-on comment des événements et développements sans lien apparent étaient en fait intriqués dans le contexte d’un monde de plus en plus interconnecté de part et d’autre de l’Atlantique.
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