Straipsnio tikslas – identifikuoti negalią turinčių moterų diskriminacinę patirtį sveikatos sektoriuje, ypatingą dėmesį skiriant daugialypės diskriminacijos raiškai. Sveikatos sektoriuje dominuoja ...biomedicininis požiūris į negalią turinčias moteris: pabrėžiamas jų būsenos defektyvumas, o neįgalumas pripažįstamas vienintelis jų asmenybę apibrėžiantis požymis. Ryškiausių daugialypės diskriminacijos apraiškų sveikatos sektoriuje pastebima kalbant apie reprodukcinę sveikatą – čia akivaizdžiausiai susiduria du negalią turinčių moterų tapatybės aspektai – neįgalumas ir moteriškumas. Tapatindamosi su moterimis, negalią turinčios pacientės rūpinasi savo reprodukcine sveikata, nori susilaukti vaikų, tačiau susiduria su kategorišku daugelio medicinos darbuotojų pasipriešinimu, nes šie jose pirmiausia mato negalią, o ne moteriškumą ir motinystę.
The burden of mental health issues in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era The current evidence and published literature related to previous epidemics suggest that mental health issues may arise after the ...peak of the pandemic, with increased prevalence among the vulnerable population and people with risk factors (box 1).4 The surge in mental health issues may remain untreated or undiagnosed due to interrupted mental health services and other challenges for mental health services in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era.Box 1 Mental health issues, vulnerable population and risk factors Mental health issues: including grief reactions, substance use disorders, anxiety, sleep disorders, depression, suicides, post-traumatic stress disorders, panic disorders.4,25,26 New-onset mental health issues: due to COVID-19-related stress, fear and loneliness; enduring neuropsychiatric symptoms or disorders (eg, acute ischaemic stroke, headache, dizziness, ataxia, delirium and seizures) of COVID-19 infection due to cytokine storms.27 Relapse of pre-existing mental illness: due to reduced access to therapeutic resources, disruption of therapies, service provision and social support.4 10 Suicides: due to neuropsychiatric manifestations and the socioeconomic impact of COVID-19.4 Other issues: COVID-19-related stigma, discrimination and hate crimes.21,28 Vulnerable population: children and adolescents; elderly; unemployed and homeless persons; COVID-19 survivors; healthcare workers (HCWs); those with pre-existing psychiatric disorders; grass-roots workers; pregnant women; people with disabilities and chronic diseases; migrants; refugees; lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ) community; racial and ethnic minorities.7,21,29 Risk factors: the death of either parent, caregivers or loved ones, misinformation, loss of peer support because of closure of school or workplace, academic loss, medical comorbidities, uncertainties, stigma, prolonged isolation, social rejection, work stress, burn-out, being in direct contact with active cases and facing economic burdens.4,25 Challenges for mental health services in post-COVID-19 pandemic era The paucity of human resources, infrastructure and burn-out of mental health professionals (MHPs) In many countries, MHPs have been redeployed for the provision of medical services in COVID-19 care centres.6 MHPs and physicians working in COVID-19 services are experiencing an increased level of mental health issues owing to work stress and the death of patients and loved ones.7 8 If the mental health of MHPs remains unaddressed, then these professionals may not be able to provide efficient mental health services in the postpandemic era. Additionally, infoveillance (information monitoring), building eHealth literacy and capacity, knowledge refinement and accurate and timely knowledge translation should be encouraged.18 Integrative care National public health policies should be designed to provide integrated care for mental health in different settings such as hospitals, primary care services, communities, schools, universities, colleges and workplaces.19 Formalising liaison between these settings with mental health services would help to promptly identify and holistically address emerging mental health needs. Formulate guidelines and protocols Many people have been exposed to similar health risks, isolation, grief and economic uncertainty, individually and with their families. ...certain common themes should be used to formulate guidelines to improve access to care.
INTRODUCTIONVarying public views on cannabis use across countries may explain the variation in the prevalence of use, policies, and research in individual countries, and global regulation of ...cannabis. This paper aims to describe the current state of cannabis use, policies, and research across sixteen countries. METHODSPubMed and Google Scholar were searched for studies published from 2010 to 2020. Searches were conducted using the relevant country of interest as a search term (e.g., "Iran"), as well as relevant predefined keywords such as "cannabis," "marijuana," "hashish," "bhang "dual diagnosis," "use," "addiction," "prevalence," "co-morbidity," "substance use disorder," "legalization" or "policy" (in English and non-English languages). These keywords were used in multiple combinations to create the search string for studies' titles and abstracts. Official websites of respective governments and international organizations were also searched in English and non-English languages (using countries national languages) to identify the current state of cannabis use, policies, and research in each of those countries. RESULTSThe main findings were inconsistent and heterogeneous reporting of cannabis use, variation in policies (e.g., legalization), and variation in intervention strategies across the countries reviewed. European countries dominate the cannabis research output indexed on PubMed, in contrast to Asian countries (Thailand, Malaysia, India, Iran, and Nepal). CONCLUSIONSAlthough global cannabis regulation is ongoing, the existing heterogeneities across countries in terms of policies and epidemiology can increase the burden of cannabis use disorders disproportionately and unpredictably. There is an urgent need to develop global strategies to address these cross-country barriers to improve early detection, prevention, and interventions for cannabis use and related disorders.
With the uncertainties of COVID-19, people infected with coronavirus present with diverse psychiatric presentations. Some institutions have had to manage their patients with existing protocols, ...others have had to create them. In this article we aimed to report the challenges and good practices in the management of psychiatric conditions and delirium coexisting with COVID-19 across continents.
Early Career Psychiatrists (ECPs) from across five continents were approached to share their experiences on the management of psychiatric conditions in patients with COVID-19 during the current pandemic.
We collected information about the experiences from sixteen countries. Commonalities were similar psychiatric presentations and poor preparedness across countries. Differences were varying adjustments made in the management of psychiatric conditions coexisting with COVID-19 and different innovations. Good practices which can be adopted by other countries are novel approaches such as telepsychiatry, proactive consultation-liaison units and enhanced community services targeted at circumventing challenges faced when providing mental health services.
These findings highlight the need for global preparedness in the mental health sector during outbreaks of infectious diseases, and the need for concerted efforts targeted at global and locally sensitive adaptation of existing protocols and the development of new guidelines for the management of psychiatric conditions for the present pandemic and subsequent occurrences.
•ECPs provided their perspective on the management of psychiatric conditions in patients with COVID-19.•We found commonalities and differences in the management of psychiatric conditions coexisting with COVID-19.•There are shared similarities and differences, likewise modifications in pre-existing protocols for management of delirium.•A common factor is the need to adapt guidelines and protocols for the management of psychiatric conditions.
The COVID-19 pandemic has captured the mental health discussion worldwide. Examining countries' representation in this discussion could prove instrumental in identifying potential gaps in terms of ...ensuring a truly global conversation in times of global crisis.
We collected mental health and COVID-19-related journal articles published in PubMed in 2020. We focused on the corresponding authors' countries of affiliation to explore countries' representation. We also examined these articles' academic impact and correlations with their corresponding authors' countries of affiliation. Additional journals and countries' indicators were collected from the Web of Science and World Bank websites, respectively. Data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics and the VOSviewer software.
In total, 3492 publications were analyzed. Based on the corresponding author, high-income countries produced 61.9% of these publications. Corresponding authors from Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, and the Middle East combined accounted for 11.8% of the publications. Europe hosted corresponding authors with the most publications and citations, and corresponding authors from North America had the largest mean journal impact factor.
The global scientific discussion during the COVID-19 pandemic saw an increased contribution of academics from developing countries. However, authors from high-income countries have continued to shape this discussion. It is imperative to ensure the active participation of low- and middle-income countries in setting up the global mental health research agenda, particularly in situations of global crisis, such as the ongoing pandemic.
Aim of the study
To present the new model for the depiction of mental health issues during Covid-19 pandemic in the media
Subject or material and methods
A unique 11-item framework was created for ...the analysis of the articles and the pilot study was conducted.
Results
365 online media articles related to mental health and Covid-19 from multiple news websites in Lithuania, Australia and Germany were included in the pilot study, which showed the power of the proposed model for depicting the mental health issues during Covid-19 pandemic
Discussion
The authors suggest that the proposed model could be used for further studies gathering not only the newspapers but also the other sources of media (podcasts, TV news, radio) to have a wider scope for analysis and interpretation. As a lot of information nowadays is being gathered through social media, this could also be used as a source in future studies, especially to those relating to the younger generation.
Conclusions
As indicated in our pilot study, many articles tend to focus on the adverse effects of the pandemic. Moreover, the news also lacked statistical information, a detailed explanation of the events and solutions to address the issues presented in the articles. With such a high flow of negative information, it is unsurprising that some experts estimate the mental health problems to rise rapidly in the upcoming months and years.
Under the circumstances of the current COVID-19 pandemic, videoconferencing applications (apps) have come into the mainstream across the world. Owing to their easy availability and ...cost-effectiveness, they are used in personal as well as professional lives to communicate. They have been very helpful for students and professionals to ensure that their routine work did not halt when various countries imposed lockdown rules restricting travel, social gatherings and other measures that resulted in reduced in-person meetings. However, they have their own set of disadvantages, aptly called ‘Zoom gloom/fatigue’, named after a popular videoconferencing platform. Users are also noted to have anxiety while using these apps. Therefore, immediate attention is warranted to ensure cautious usage and to reduce the distress associated with videoconferencing apps while maintaining the obvious advantages that these methods have rapidly spread all over the world.
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