Power storage and conversion technologies are increasingly in demand for their energy efficiency and eco-friendliness, with capacitors being key in stabilizing and filtering voltage in these devices. ...However, during this process, thermal degradation phenomena often occur due to over-voltage and over-current. This degradation can lead to decreased performance, capacitor failure, and in severe cases, explosions. Thus, the precise monitoring and prediction of capacitor lifetime is paramount. In this study, we use accelerated life test data to create images using reference plots and compare the accuracy of deep neural network training through image fusion. This introduces a new methodology for monitoring the lifetime of capacitors. This approach involves collecting aging data through accelerated life tests and then generating images from time-series data composed of capacitor voltage, current, and resistance. These images are used to train the deep learning algorithm, extracting relevant features and predicting the remaining life of the capacitors. Our method demonstrates remarkable effectiveness, showing an impressive accuracy rate of 80% in the real-time monitoring of capacitors under various operating conditions. Ultimately, this deep neural network-based lifetime monitoring algorithm holds potential to be scaled and applied to diverse electronic systems, enhancing their reliability and safety.
•New method for capacitor life prediction using deep neural networks.•Created images from time-series data for algorithm training.•Lifespan classification of capacitors with image-based training.•Achieved 90% accuracy in real-time lifespan prediction.
In this study, an intense pulsed light (IPL) annealing process for a printed multi-layered indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (IGZO) and silver (Ag) electrode structure was developed for a high performance ...all-printed inorganic thin film transistor (TFT). Through a solution process using IGZO precursor and Ag ink, the bottom gate structure TFT was fabricated. The spin coating method was used to form the IGZO semiconductor layer on a heavily-doped silicon wafer covered with thermally grown silicon dioxide. The annealing process of the IGZO layer utilized an optimized IPL irradiation process. The Ag inks were printed on the IGZO layer by screen printing to form the source and drain (S/D) pattern. This S/D pattern was dried by near infrared radiation (NIR) and the dried S/D pattern was sintered with intense pulsed light by varying the irradiation energy. The performances of the all-printed TFT such as the field effect mobility and on-off ratio electrical transfer properties were measured by a parameter analyzer. The interfacial analysis including the contact resistance and cross-sectional microstructure analysis is essential because diffusion phenomenon can occur during the annealing and sintering process. Consequently, this TFT device showed noteworthy performance (field effect mobility: 7.96 cm
/V s, on/off ratio: 10
). This is similar performance compared to a conventional TFT, which is expected to open a new path in the printed metal oxide-based TFT field.
In the present study, we investigated the effects of type 2 diabetes-induced hyperglycemia on the integrity of the blood–brain barrier and tight junction markers in the rat hippocampus. ...Forty-week-old diabetic (Zucker diabetic fatty, ZDF) rats and littermate control (Zucker lean control, ZLC) rats were used in this study. We evaluated the integrity of the blood–brain barrier by measuring sodium fluorescein extravasation and blood vessel ultrastructure. In addition, tight junction markers, such as zona occludens-1, occludin and claudin-5, were quantified by western blot analysis. ZDF rats showed significantly increased sodium fluorescein leakage in the hippocampus. Tight junction markers, such as occludin and claudin-5, were significantly decreased in the hippocampi of ZDF rats compared to those of ZLC rats. In addition, ZDF rats showed ultrastructural changes with phagocytic findings in the blood vessels. These results suggest that chronic untreated diabetes impairs the permeability of the hippocampal blood–brain barrier by down-regulating occludin and claudin-5, indicating that chronic untreated diabetes may cause hippocampus-dependent dysfunction.
Jagged1 (JAG1) is a Notch ligand that correlates with tumor progression. Not limited to its function as a ligand, JAG1 can be cleaved, and its intracellular domain translocates to the nucleus, where ...it functions as a transcriptional cofactor. Previously, we showed that JAG1 intracellular domain (JICD1) forms a protein complex with DDX17/SMAD3/TGIF2. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying JICD1-mediated tumor aggressiveness remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that JICD1 enhances the invasive phenotypes of glioblastoma cells by transcriptionally activating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related genes, especially TWIST1. The inhibition of TWIST1 reduced JICD1-driven tumor aggressiveness. Although SMAD3 is an important component of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling, the JICD1/SMAD3 transcriptional complex was shown to govern brain tumor invasion independent of TGF-β signaling. Moreover, JICD1-TWIST1-MMP2 and MMP9 axes were significantly correlated with clinical outcome of glioblastoma patients. Collectively, we identified the JICD1/SMAD3-TWIST1 axis as a novel inducer of invasive phenotypes in cancer cells.
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal brain cancer, causing inevitable deaths of patients owing to frequent relapses of cancer stem cells (CSCs). The significance of the NOTCH signaling pathway in ...CSCs has been well recognized; however, there is no NOTCH-selective treatment applicable to patients with GBM. We recently reported that Jagged1 (JAG1), a NOTCH ligand, drives a NOTCH receptor-independent signaling pathway via JAG1 intracellular domain (JICD1) as a crucial signal that renders CSC properties. Therefore, mechanisms regulating the JICD1 signaling pathway should be elucidated to further develop a selective therapeutic regimen. Here, we identified annexin A2 (ANXA2) as an essential modulator to stabilize intrinsically disordered JICD1. The binding of ANXA2 to JICD1 prevents the proteasomal degradation of JICD1 by heat shock protein-70/90 and carboxy-terminus of Hsc70 interacting protein E3 ligase. Furthermore, JICD1-driven propagation and tumor aggressiveness were inhibited by ANXA2 knockdown. Taken together, our findings show that ANXA2 maintains the function of the NOTCH receptor-independent JICD1 signaling pathway by stabilizing JICD1, and the targeted suppression of JICD1-driven CSC properties can be achieved by blocking its interaction with ANXA2.
This study presents a unique application of a temperature control algorithm, specifically modified deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG), in an actual 2.8 m2 cold storage facility, contrasting ...the majority of research that leverages theoretical validations using simulation tools. The primary goal was to minimize energy consumption while maintaining the desired temperature range. To achieve this, thermocouples and a watt-hour meter were installed to collect real-time data on temperature and power consumption, subsequently transmitted to a deep-learning computing and control system for processing. Utilizing the gathered data, the algorithm was trained to simultaneously maintain the temperature and minimize power consumption. The temperature setting served as a control variable, and a deep deterministic policy gradient algorithm was used. A hyperparameter with a dominant influence on learning outcomes was optimized. Furthermore, the algorithm was exposed to various complex scenarios that occur during actual cold storage operations, such as door opening, reinforcing its practical viability. The study findings revealed that our real-world application of the DDPG algorithm significantly reduced energy consumption by 47.64% compared to conventional proportional-integral-derivative control algorithms, whilst maintaining the target temperature range.
•Developed a temperature control algorithm based on deep reinforcement learning to optimize energy use in real cold storage facilities.•Utilized real-time data collection and communication for temperature and power consumption, integrated into a deep learning system.•Leveraged the Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient algorithm, using temperature settings as a control variable.•Achieved a remarkable 47.64% reduction in energy use while maintaining the target temperature range.•Demonstrated the practicality and efficiency of deep reinforcement learning methods in real-world energy conservation scenarios.
Capicua (CIC) is an important downstream molecule of RTK/RAS/MAPK pathway. The regulatory mechanism of CIC underlying tumorigenesis in oligodendroglioma, where CIC is frequently mutated, has yet to ...be fully elucidated. Using patient-derived glioma lines, RNA-sequencing and bioinformatic analysis of publicly available databases, we investigated how CIC loss- or gain-of-function regulates its downstream targets, cell proliferation and glutamate release. Our results indicate an increased frequency of CIC truncating mutations in oligodendroglioma during progression. In vitro, CIC modulation had a modest effect on cell proliferation in glioma lines, and no significant changes in the expression of ETV1, ETV4 and ETV5. Transcriptional repression of known CIC targets was observed in gliomas expressing non-phosphorylatable CIC variant on Ser173 which was unable to interact with 14-3-3. These data outline a mechanism by which the repressor function of CIC is inhibited by 14-3-3 in gliomas. Using transcriptional profiling, we found that genes related to glutamate release were upregulated because of CIC depletion. In addition, loss of CIC leads to increased extracellular glutamate. Consistent with this, CIC restoration in an oligodendroglioma line reduced the levels of extracellular glutamate, neuronal toxicity and xCT/SLC7A11 expression. Our findings may provide a molecular basis for the prevention of glioma-associated seizures.
Aging is a progressive process, and it may lead to the initiation of neurological diseases. In this study, we investigated the effects of wild Indian Curcuma longa using a Morris water maze paradigm ...on learning and spatial memory in adult and D-galactose-induced aged mice. In addition, the effects on cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation were assessed by immunohistochemistry for Ki67 and doublecortin (DCX) respectively. The aging model in mice was induced through the subcutaneous administration of D-galactose (100 mg/kg) for 10 weeks. C. longa (300 mg/kg) or its vehicle (physiological saline) was administered orally to adult and D-galactose-treated mice for the last three weeks before sacrifice. The administration of C. longa significantly shortened the escape latency in both adult and D-galactose-induced aged mice and significantly ameliorated D-galactose-induced reduction of cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the subgranular zone of hippocampal dentate gyrus. In addition, the administration of C. longa significantly increased the levels of phosphorylated CREB and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the subgranular zone of dentate gyrus. These results indicate that C. longa mitigates D-galactose-induced cognitive impairment, associated with decreased cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation, by activating CREB signaling in the hippocampal dentate gyrus.
Intense pulsed light (IPL) sintering or annealing technology has attracted tremendous attention from many researchers and a variety of industries owing to its unique features. In IPL process, the ...pulsed white flash-light from xenon lamp is irradiated on the target materials and converts it to the desired conductive layer. The IPL process is ambient condition and room temperature process. The irradiated IPL on the materials can induce an extremely quick heating (several milliseconds) to the certain temperature by the synergetic opto-chemical, opto-thermal phenomena without damage on the low temperature substrates such as polymer and paper. The exact mechanisms of these opto-synergetic phenomena has been intensively studied by many researchers for a decade. Also, the applications of IPL techniques have become more extensive in printed electronics. In this review, we summarized the brief history and various applications of the intense pulsed light technology to conductive electrodes as well as several applications. The IPL process can provide a paved route to revolutionary eco-benign and low-cost manufacturing process for many applications.
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