fr La présente étude a pour objectif d’identifier et d’évaluer les zones potentielles de recharge des aquifères du Sud-Est de la Nawa par le couplage de l’analyse multicritère au radiocarbone en ...contexte de variabilité climatique. Elle est basée sur la combinaison d’informations spatiales relatives à différents paramètres (climat, topographie, sol, végétation, géologie, etc.) susceptibles d’influencer diversement la recharge. D’abord, la quantité d’eau infiltrée pour recharger les aquifères est estimée à partir du bilan hydrologique après caractérisation de la variabilité climatique à Soubré. Ensuite, les zones de recharge des aquifères fracturés sont cartographiées par analyse multicritère. Enfin, ces zones sont validées à partir des activités en carbone 14. De 1951 à 2017, le déficit pluviométrique de part et d’autre de la rupture de 1970 est de 14%. Deux périodes humides (1951-1970 et 1993-2017), intercalée d’une période sèche (1971-1992) caractérisent la zone d’étude. La lame d’eau estimée pour recharger les aquifères est de 243 mm de 1951 à 2017. La modélisation des paramètres climatique, topographique, pédologique, géologique, de la végétation, a permis d’élaborer des cartes thématiques bien structurées. Le croisement de celles-ci dans un SIG a facilité la conception de la carte des zones de recharge du Sud-Est de la Nawa. Cette carte met en évidence quatre zones d’aptitude à la recharge, validées par des activités en carbone 14. Les zones de recharge très forte (40%) et forte (35%) se localisent au Sud-Est et s’étendent jusqu’au Sud-Ouest de la zone d’étude. Les zones de recharge moyenne (11%) s’identifient dans le lit du Sassandra. Les zones de recharge faible (14%) occupent majoritairement l’Ouest et le Nord. La carte des zones de recharge est un outil d’aide à la décision qui oriente les décideurs dans l’identification des secteurs susceptibles de faire l’objet d’implantation de forages à forte productivité, et aussi susceptibles d’être vulnérables vis-à-vis des contaminants.
It is well documented that compounds from rhizomes of
Zingiber officinale, commonly called ginger, have anti-inflammatory properties. Here, we show that ginger can exert such functions
in vivo, ...namely in a mouse model of Th2-mediated pulmonary inflammation. The preparation of ginger aqueous extract (Zo.Aq) was characterized by mass spectrometry as an enriched fraction of
n-gingerols. Intraperitoneal injections of this extract before airway challenge of ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice resulted in a marked decrease in the recruitment of eosinophils to the lungs as attested by cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids and histological examination. Resolution of airway inflammation induced by Zo.Aq was accompanied by a suppression of the Th2 cell-driven response to allergen
in vivo. Thus, IL-4, IL-5 and eotaxin levels in the lungs as well as specific IgE titres in serum were clearly diminished in ginger-treated mice relative to their controls after allergen sensitization and challenge. Finally, we found that 6-gingerol, a major constituent of ginger, was sufficient to suppress eosinophilia in our model of inflammation. This is the first evidence that ginger can suppress Th2-mediated immune responses and might thus provide a possible therapeutic application in allergic asthma.
Introduction: Aqueous extract of Lagerstroemia speciosa (EALS) (Lythraceae) is widely used to treat diabetes. This plant has been shown an in vitro thrombolytic activity that indicates its potential ...to prevent the formation of blood clots in vivo. Thus, this study was undertaken to evaluate the antithrombotic and antihemolytic effects of EALS. Methods: Rats of both sexes (200 ± 5 g) were divided into five groups of six animals. Each group received orally distilled water, EALS (250, 500, 1000 mg/kg), and acetylsalicylic acid (100 mg/kg) for five days. After treatment, the FeCl3-induced arterial thrombus formation method was used to determine occlusion time. A coagulometer was used to detect activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and prothrombin time (PT). Rabbit blood was used to determine clot lysis activity in vitro and antihemolytic activity using the 2,2-azobis hydrochloride (2-methylpropionamidine) (AAPH) method. Results: EALS increased the occlusion time in a dose-dependent manner. At the dose of 1000 mg/kg, EALS increased the occlusion time significantly, from 4.59 ± 2.45 minutes to 15.52 ± 2.38 minutes (P<0.01). At high concentrations (1-4 mg/mL), EALS showed a significant increase in aPPT and PT (P<0.05). Streptokinase and EALS (4 mg/mL) induced significant clot lysis with percentage values of 78.48 ± 2.2 % and 49.5 ± 1.53 %, respectively (P<0.001). EALS inhibited AAPH-induced hemolysis. Conclusion: EALS exhibited antithrombotic and antihemolytic activities. The antithrombotic property of the plant could be attributed to its anticoagulant and thrombolytic activities. Regular consumption of L. speciosa leaves may prevent or treat thrombotic diseases.
Studies on MetaMap and MaxMatcher has shown that both concept extraction systems suffer from overgeneration problems. Over-generation occurs when the extraction systems mistakenly select an ...irrelevant concept. One of the reasons for these errors is that these systems use the words to weight the terms of the concepts. In this paper, an Integer Linear Programming model is used to select the optimal subset of extracted concept mentions covering the largest number of important words in the document to be indexed. Then each concept mentions that this set is mapped to a unique concept in UMLS using an information retrieval model.
Vehicular Delay-Tolerant Network (VDTN) is a special case of Delay-Tolerant Network (DTN) in which connectivity is provided by movement of vehicles with traffic prioritization to meet the ...requirements of different applications. Due to high node mobility, short contact time, intermittent connectivity, VDTNs use multi-copy routing protocols to increase message delivery rates and reduce the delay. However due to limited resources (bandwidth and storage capacity), these protocols cause the rapid buffer overflow and therefore the degradation of overall network performance. In this paper, we propose a buffer drop policy based on message weight by including traffic prioritization to improve the high priority messages delivery delay. Thus, the memory is subdivided into a high-weight queue and a low-weight queue. When the buffer is overflowing, and a new message arrives, the algorithm determines the message to be dropped in the queues considering that the current node is the destination of the message, the position of the current node with respect to the destination of the message and the age of the messages in the network.
The increasing complexity of applications is constraining developers to use reusable components in component markets and mainly free software components. However, the selected components may ...partially satisfy the requirements of users. In this article, we propose an approach of optimization the selection of software components based on their quality. It consists of: (1) Selecting components that satisfy the customer's non-functional needs; (2) Calculate the quality score of each of these candidate components to select; (3) Select the best component meeting the customer's non-functional needs with linear programming by constraints. Our aim is to maximize this selection for considering financial cost of component and adaptation effort. Yet in the literature review, researchers are unanimous that software components reuse reduces the cost of development, maintenance time and also increases the quality of the software. However, the models already developed to evaluate the quality of the component do not simultaneously take into account financial cost and adaptation effort factors. So, in our research, we established a connection between the financial cost and the adaptation time of the selected component by a linear programming model with constraints. For our work's validation, we propose an algorithm to support the developed theory. User will then be able to choose the relevant software component for his system from the available components.
Abstract
Rainwater pollution in urban areas is a real phenomenon globally, particularly in developing countries. This study aims to trace the origin of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the ...Abidjan district's rainwater and to evaluate the health risk to the population. Ten water samples were collected at two sites during the dry and rainy seasons over a 2-year period. The use of molecular indices and profiles as well as Spearman's correlation matrix revealed that the pyrolytic sources, such as wood combustion as well as road traffic, remain the main sources of these pollutants in the water. The risk assessment revealed a higher risk of skin cancer in children.
Following the many natural disasters and global socio-economic upheavals of the 21st century, the concept of resilience is increasingly the subject of much research aimed at finding appropriate ...responses to these traumas. However, most existing work on resilience is limited to a broad cross-disciplinary panel of non-operational theoretical approaches. Thus, the study of the processes of social resilience is confronted with difficulties of modeling and a lack of appropriate analysis tools. However, the existing stratification methods are too general to take into account the specificities of the resilience and are difficult to use for non-specialists in modeling. In addition, most traditional methods of partition research have limitations including their inability to effectively exploit the research space. In this paper, we propose a classification algorithm based on the technique of genetic algorithms and adapted to the context of social resilience. Our objective function, after penalization by two criteria, allows to explore widely the space of research for solutions while favoring classes quite homogeneous and well separated between them.
The purpose of this paper is to provide a decision support tool based on a mathematical model and an algorithm that can help in the assessment of the level of vulnerability of children in Côte ...d'Ivoire. So, this study was conducted in three phases, the first one includes the settlement of a data warehouse. Then the second involves the application of probabilistic model. The final phase deals with the classification of children considered vulnerable in descending order from the most to the least vulnerable. The purpose of this classification is to better manage the resources of donors to support vulnerable children. This work is part of the activities of UMRI The resilience of Côte d’Ivoire. This is to propose mathematical and computational tools to facilitate the work of the Centre for social resilience. The use of the context of children made vulnerable due to crises or diseases is an example of practical application of our social resilience model
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