TAKUSAGAWA, K., ASOO, N., SATO, T., NAGAI, H., MOTOMIYA, M. and KONNO, K. Immunoelectron Microscopic Observations on the Localization of Fibronectin in Normal Human Lung. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 1986, ...150 (2), 209-223-The localization of fibronectin was examined in normal human lung using immunoelectron microscopy. Fibronectin staining was present not only in the endothelial, alveolar epithelial and bronchial epithelial basal laminae and associated with interstitial collagen fibrils and elastic fibers, but also in basal laminae of fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. There was a periodicity in the staining of fibronectin on collagen fibrils. Reaction products against fibronectin were present in intracellular organelle including cisternae of smooth endoplasmic reticulum of endothelial cells and those of rough endoplasmic reticulum of fibroblasts. No other cells contained reaction products. The localization of fibronectin was compared with that of ruthenium red staining in normal human lung. The localization of fibronectin was consistent with that of proteoglycan.
ISAWA, T., TESHIMA, T., HIRANO, T., EBINA, A. and KONNO K. Estimation of Alveolar Deposition Ratio of Inhaled Radioaerosol. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 1985, 145 (3), 259-267 - The lung retention ratio ...(LRR) and the alveolar deposition ratio (ALDR) are mandatory to calculate the other three indices for quantitatively evaluating mucociliary clearance function of the ciliated airways; the airway deposition ratio (ADR), the airway retention ratio (ARR) and the airway clearance efficiency (ACE). According to our original method, the LRR required 2-hr continuous measurement of radioactivity in the thorax and the ALDR a repeat measurement at 24-hr after radioaerosol inhalation. The 2-hr continuous measurement is, however, too long for a clinical examination and the 24-hr repeat measurement cumbersome. The purpose of the study was to find a way to get the ALDR by calculation without repeating the 24-hr measurement and by counting radioactivity for the shortest possible period and yet without sacrificing the visual evaluation by compiling radioaerosol inhalation lung cine-scintigraphy. By using the derived formulae listed in Table 1, the ALDR was calculable. Forced expiratory volume (FEV) in one sec divided by FEV in per cent (FE V1.0%), the initial 60min measurement of radioactivity without repeating 24-hr measurement, and smoking history were the minimum requirements to calculate the ALDR. The calculated ALDR appeared reliable enough to estimate the other indices.
ISAWA, T., TESHIMA, T., HIRANO, T., EBINA, A. and KONNO, K. Estimation of a Drug Effect by a Simplified Radioaerosol Inhalation Lung Cine-Scintigraphy: Bromhexine on Mucociliary Clearance Mechanisms. ...Tohoku J. exp. Med., 1986, 148 (2), 163-167 - A proposed simplification of radioaerosol inhalation lung cine-scintigraphy, namely 60min measurement of radioactivity without repeating measurement at 24hr later and calculation of alveolar deposition ratio (ALDR) by the regression formula of ALDR=-48.08+0.47×FEV1.0%+0.59×LRR60, was found useful and applicable even to the evaluation of a drug on mucociliary clearance mechanisms. The simplified method indicated a very similar evaluation of the effect of bromhexine on airway clearance efficiency with those actually revealed by the original method.
SATO, H., ITO, M., ABE, T., KUMANO, N., MOTOMIYA, M. and KONNO, K. Antitumor Activity of Lipopolysaccharide in Tumor-Bearing Mice Pretreated with BCG. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 1986, 150 (4), 391-399-The ...antitumor activity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was investigated in BCG-treated mice. C3H/He mice and CDF1 mice were injected with BCG and then were inoculated with syngeneic mouse hepatoma MH134 and mastocytoma P815 respectively. Hemorrhagic necrosis and retarded growth of tumor were observed after an intravenous (i.v.) injection of LPS, when tumor cells had been inoculated subcutaneously (s.c.). However an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of BCG plus LPS did not increase the mean survival time of mice that had been inoculated with tumor cells i.p. Sera from mice that had been treated with BCG plus LPS i.v. were cytotoxic for cultured tumor cells. These results seemed to indicate that growth-inhibitoryeffects of LPS on tumors inoculated s.c. were mediated by a humoral factor.
KUMANO, N., SUZUKI, S., ISHIKAWA, T., KOINUMARU, S. and KONNO, K. Antitumor Effect of the Yeast Polysaccharide Preparation in Syngeneic Mouse Tumor Models. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 1985, 146 (1), ...89-96-Antitumor effect of our Candida utilis glucomannan preparation (YPS) was evaluated in two syngeneic transplantable tumors; the Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL) in C57BL/6 (B6) mice and the 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA)-induced fibrosarcoma in C3H/He mice. YPS inhibited preferentially the 3LL pulmonary metastases only when optimal dosage was given at an earlier stage; 7 daily intraperitoneal (i.p.) doses of 100mg/kg per dose from the next day of tumor inoculation (1×105/mouse, subcutaneously, s.c.) substantially reduced the number of metastatic nodules, yielding the inhibition ratio 54% on day 21. However, the same treatment delayed until day 8 markedly facilitated the metastatic spread (-105%). Postsurgical-adjuvant therapy with YPS (10 daily i.p. doses of 100mg/kg per dose from the next day of surgery) was effective in improving the survival rate with no evidence of metastatic growth on day 200, even though the amputation of the tumor-bearing legs was performed after the pulmonary metastases had been established (on day 20). In the MCA-fibrosarcoma model, YPS treatment from day 3 (10 daily doses of 100mg/kg per dose) was effective in prolonging the survival period. The 3LL local tumor was affected only marginally and temporarily, while the MCA-tumor was not at all.
KUMANO, N., KOINUMARU, S., SUZUKI, S., ISHIKAWA, T., OIZUMI, K. and KONNO, K. Tumor Histology and the Immunoregulatory T Lymphocyte Subsets in Lung Cancer Patients. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 1986, 150 ...(4), 483-484-The immunoregulatory T lymphocyte subsets (CD4+, CD8+) in 39 patients with primary lung cancer were analyzed as for the possible correlation with tumor histology. Compared to the healthy controls (n=36), cancer lymphocytes were generally characterized by a higher proportion of CD8+ subset (p<0.01) with no difference in either CD4+ subset or CD3+ cells. There was, however, a significant difference (p<0.05) between one extreme of epidermoid carcinoma with the highest CD8+ and the lowest ratio (CD4+/8+) and the other end of adenocarcinoma with the lowest CD8+ and the highest ratio. Large cell and small cell carcinomas were of the intermediate values. A spectrum of the subset marker profiles was thus found in association with tumor histology. A diversity in the host immune status was suggested in primary lung cancer, although clinical implication remains to be clarified.
KUMANO, N., SUZUKI, S., OIZUMI, K., KONNO, K., HIMORI, T., MITACHI, Y. and WAKUI, A. Imbalance of T Cell Subsets in Cancer Patients and Its Modification with Bestatin, a Small Molecular ...Immunomodifier. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 1985, 147 (2), 125-133-The peripheral T lymphocyte subsets and natural killer (NK) cells of patients with cancer were studied by monoclonal antibody assays in comparison with those of non-cancer individuals. An imbalance of immunoregulatory T cell subsets was frequently found in the group of cancer patients (n=26), being characterized by a relatively high proportion of OKT8+ cells (45.0± 12.0%, p<0.01) and a low OKT4+/OKT8+ ratio (1.29±0.56, p<0.05). T cell level showed no significant difference as assessed by either OKT3 or rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes (E). The effect of bestatin was examined in 10 of these cancer patients. The relative proportion of T cell subsets tended to normalize 2 to 6 weeks after starting the daily doses of 30mg per body. The mean percentage of OKT8+ cells decreased from 47.2 to 33.4 (p<0.01), while the helper to suppressor ratio increased from 1.18 to 1.79 (p<0.01). A significant increase was also found in the percentage and number of OKT4+ cells and HNK-1+ cells after the drug administration, while T cell level tended to converge to a normal range.
This paper describes packet loss concealment methods for MP3 audio. The proposed methods are based on estimation of modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT) coefficients of the lost packets. The ...estimation of MDCT coefficients of lower dimensions is performed by switching two concealment methods: the sign correction method and the correlation-based method. The concealment methods are switched based on redundant side information calculated subband-by-subband for reducing MDCT prediction errors. Next, a method for improving estimation of MDCT coefficients of higher dimensions was proposed. The method estimates the absolute value and sign of an MDCT coefficient independently. The subjective evaluation experiment proved that both of the improvement methods for lower and higher dimensions effectively improved the subjective audio quality.
We evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of miconazole (MCZ, Florid-F inj.®), a new antifungal agent for parenteral use, in deep-seated fungal infections of respiratory tract system. A daily dose of ...400-1,800 mg of MCZ was given intravenously for 12-38 days (mean: 23.4 days) to 7 patients: 2 patients with pulmonary aspergillosis, 1 patient with bronchial aspergillosis, 1 patient with pulmonary candidiasis and 3 patients with candidemia. One additional patient with pulmonary aspergillosis received three instillations of 20 mg of MCZ into the thoracic cavity. The clinical effects were excellent in 1, good in 4 and poor in 3 patients. The efficacy rate was 100% in 5 cases with respiratory fungal infections but 3 cases with candidemia did not respond well to the treatment. Four strains each of Aspergillus sp. and Candida sp. were identified as causative organisms. Seven of the 8 strains were eradicated by administration of MCZ. Side effects observed were irritation and heat in a leg in 1 patient, hyperlipoidemia in 2 patients and eosinophilia in 1 patient. The adverse reactions disappeared after the completion of the therapy. From the above results, we conclude that MCZ is one of the most useful antifungal agents for parenteral use as a first choice on deep-seated fungal infections in the respiratory tract.
Acute effect of a short-term exposure to cigarette smoke on mucociliary clearance mechanism was studied in 69 anesthetized dogs. A tracer material, 99mTc-MAA (macroaggregated albumin), was placed in ...the right main bronchus near the carina 2 min after completion of exposure and its migration distance on the tracheal mucosa with time was assessed by a scintil-lation camera, and the mean migrating velocity (MMV) was calculated. The average MMV values were 12.0±1.0 (mean±S. E. ) mm/min in the control dogs, while the values were 11.6±1.5, 8.3±2.2, 3.3±0.8, and 4.2±2.3 mm/min in the dogs which smoked 1, 3, 5 and 8 cigarettes, indicating that there was an inverse correlationship between the number of cigarettes smoked and the MMV values. When cigarette smoke was filtered through a glass fiber filter, the average MMV values were 7.0±0.5 and 1.3±0.9 mm/min in the dogs which smoked 5 and 8 cigarettes respectively, suggesting that once the number of cigarettes amounted to eight, even cigarette smoke filtered through a glass fiber filter was as detrimental to the mucociliary clearance mechanism as the non-filtered cigarette smoke.
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