SATO, H., ARAI, H., NAGAI, H., ITO, M., SATOH, K., KUMANO, N., MOTOMIYA, M. and KONNO, K. Chemical Analyses and Antitumor Activity of Hydrosoluble Substances from Mycobacterium bovis, Strain BCG. ...Tohoku J. exp. Med., 1983, 140 (1), 35-43 - Hydrosoluble substances from BCG were prepared by cold water extraction and by hot phenol-water extraction. Chemical analyses revealed that both of them were derived from cytoplasm. The cold water extract (CWE) was effective in the treatment of C3H/He mice which had received an intraperitoneal inoculation of a syngeneic ascites hepatoma, MH134. The growth of a graft in footpad of mastocytoma P815 in CDF1 mice was retarded by intraperitoneal injections of CWE. A peptidoglycan from cell wall prepared by digestion with lysozyme exerted no antitumor activity in the same experimental condition as for the evaluation of antitumor effect of CWE. These results indicate that the antitumor activity of CWE was not due to the presence of a cell wall component.
Using ten normal dogs, the right upper lobe of the lung was isolated in vivo by a balloon catheter and was artificially ventilated with nitrogen, air, 60% oxygen in nitrogen, and 60% oxygen and 20% ...carbon dioxide in nitrogen, while the rest of the lungs maintained a spontaneous breathing of ambient air. Aminophylline did not show a vasodilating action under severe alveolar hypoxia (PAO2: ca. 40 mmHg); on the contrary, it seemed to potentiate hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. When the regional alveolar oxygen tension became less hypoxic (PAO2: ca.. 70 mmHg) or higher than that in the rest of the lungs which spontaneously breathed ambient air, aminophylline showed a definite vasodilating action. Aminophylline also showed a vasodilating action in alveolar hypercapnia in the presence of alveolar hyperoxia.
Yearly changes in the number of patients excreting tubercle bacilli and the proportion of patients excreting drug-resistant tubercle bacilli from 1972 to 1982 were examined, and the clinical courses ...of drug-resistant tuberculosis cases in 1982 were examined. The number of tuberculous patients excreting tubercle bacilli in these 11 years has decreased from 172 in 1972 to 121 in 1982, and the proportion of drug-resistant cases in 1982 (42.9%) was comparatively higher than that in 1972 (33.7%) or in 1977 (30.8%). The proportion of EB and RFP resistant cases in 1982 was significantly higher than in 1972 and 1977. Out of 52 drug-resistant cases in 1982, 13 cases (25%) were newly diagnosed in the year, 8 cases (15.4%) were also diagnosed in the year with past history of tuberculosis and the remaining 31 (59.6%) were cases under treatment with antituberculous drugs. The proportion of RFP resistant cases was higher than that of cases resistant to other drugs. The drug-resistant cases newly diagnosed in 1982 including cases with past history of tuberculosis treatment were occupied mainly by single drug resistant cases (18/21; 85.7%) and the prognosis of these resistant cases was good in 19 cases. The drug-resistant cases under treatment with antituberculous drugs were occupied mainly by multiple drugs resistant cases (29/31; 93.5%), and the prognosis of these cases was not good in 28 cases. Four drug-resistant tuberculous patients under treatment died during the observation period. Most of patients showing good prognosis were treated with INH, EB, plus RFP or INH, EB, RFP plus aminoglycosides. The time required for negative conversion of drug-resistant tubercle bacilli was 3.8 months on the average, and it correlated with the amounts of pre-treatment bacilli discharge. In the present study, therapeutical effects of newly diagnosed tuberculosis were very good, and no increase in the number of drug-resistant tuberculosis under treatment was observed. These facts suggest that increase of drug-resistant tuberculosis may most unlikely take place.
Out of 1592 primary lung cancer cases who were confirmed by the histological findings, 101 cases (6.3 %) had been treated as pulmonary tuberculosis before the final diagnosis was made as lung cancer. ...Sixty percent of these patients were detected by the mass survey and 49% of themwere adenocarcinoma. Treatment for tuberculosis had been stopped within 3 months in 50% of these cases, while treatment by anti-tuberculous drugs had been continued for more than 13 monthsin 15%. The duration of the treatment as tuberculosis was longer in cases detected by themass survey and showing abnormal shadows in peripheral lung field on chest X-ray film, than in other cases.
An experimental model for studying changes in regional perfusion distribution in the lungs of a dog was described. The right upper lobe was separated in vivo from the rest of the lungs by a balloon ...catheter and gas exchange of the lobe was artificially done asynchronously with the rest of the lungs by using a gas of interest at a prescheduled alveolar pressure. 99mTc-albumin microsphere was the agent of choice for multiple sequential studies in one dog. Alveolar gas composition reached a plateau after the 4th inflation of the right upper lobe. Effect of alveolar pressure on regional perfusion distribution was studied by using nitrogen and air as exchange gases. Perfusion distribution in the right upper lobe was the least at the maximal alveolar pressure of 14 to 19cm H2O, while it was the greatest at the tidal maximal alveolar pressure of 1 to-1cm H2O with either gas. Alveolar hyperinflation in a localized lung region due to the increase in regional alveolar pressure reduced regional perfusion distribution.
SATO, H., ARAI, H., NAGAI, H., ITO, M., SATOH, K., KUMANO, N., MOTOMIYA, M. and KONNO, K. Evidence for Host-Mediated Antitumor Activity in the Treatment of Experimental Tumor with a Hot Water Extract ...from BCG. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 1982, 136 (1), 67-74 - Studies were undertaken for the evaluation of the mechanism responsible for antitumor effects of hot water extract (HWE) of BCG on murine ascites tumor cells, a) The viability of tumor cells has remained unchanged after incubation of tumor cells in the medium containing HWE. b) There was no difference in survival time between mice which had received tumor cells treated as in (a) and the control mice. c) Silica, carragheenan and cortisone acetate reduced the antitumor effect of HWE in ddY mice and C3H/He mice which had been inoculated with Sarcoma 180 cells or MH134 cells. d) The growth of tumor cells was retarded when they were inoculated subcutaneously together with peritoneal cells from HWE-injected mice. These results indicate the participation of host-mediated antitumor activity when neoplasms were treated with HWE.
This paper describes packet loss concealment methods for MP3 audio. The proposed methods are based on estimation of modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT) coefficients of the lost packets. The ...estimation of MDCT coefficients of lower dimensions is performed by switching two concealment methods: the sign correction method and the correlation-based method. The concealment methods are switched based on redundant side information calculated subband-by-subband for reducing MDCT prediction errors. Next, a method for improving estimation of MDCT coefficients of higher dimensions was proposed. The method estimates the absolute value and sign of an MDCT coefficient independently. The subjective evaluation experiment proved that both of the improvement methods for lower and higher dimensions effectively improved the subjective audio quality.
ISAWA, T., TESHIMA, T., HIRANO, T., EBINA, A., SHIRAISHI, K., FUKUDA, Y., and KONNO, K. Effect of Isoproterenol on Regional Pulmonary Perfusion in the Reimplanted Lung of the Dog. Tohoku J. exp. ...Med., 1982, 136 (2), 163-168-In the reimplanted lung lobe of the dog, regional pulmonary hypoxic vasoconstriction did not occur when isoproterenol was administered and the pharmacological action of isoproterenol in the reimplanted lung lobe was not antagonized by propranolol, whereas propranolol did block its action in the heart depressing the cardiac rate.
MOTOMIYA, M., SATO, H., ARAI, H., NAGAI, H., ITO, M., SATOH, K., KUMANO, N. and KONNO, K. Chemical and Biological Properties of Subfractions of Hot-Water Extract from Delipidated BCG. Tohoku J. exp. ...Med., 1981, 133 (3), 293-300-A hot-water extract from delipidated Mycobacterium bovis strain BCG was fractionated by precipitation with ethanol. The chemical and biological properties of the subfractions thus obtained were investigated. A subfraction precipitated at 20% ethanol contained less neutral sugar and more ninhydrin-positive substance than other subfractions. Only the guinea pigs that were treated with 20% ethanol-precipitate showed no humoral antibody response to egg white albumin, despite positive skin reaction. The subfractions precipitated at low concentrations of ethanol exhibited a significant antitumor activity in ddY and C3H/He mice inoculated intraperitoneally with tumor cells. These results suggest that the hot-water extract from delipidated BCG consists of subfractions with different chemical and biological properties.
The quantity and composition of acid glycosaminoglycans (mucopolysaccharides) were compared between a fibrotic lung and normal lungs. The acid glycosaminoglycans were isolated by proteolysis, ...fractionation with ethanol and precipitation with cetylpyridinium chloride, and were identified by chromatography, electrophoresis and incubation with mucopoly-saccharide-lyases. Evidence was obtained for the presence of hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate A(C), dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate. Quantitation of individual glycosaminoglycans by using specific mucopolysaccharide-lyases revealed that the quantity of dermatan sulfate in the fibrotic lung exceeded that in the normal lungs.
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