This work reports the corrosion inhibition performance of modified hybrid particles reinforced into polyolefin matrix. The cerium oxide coated zinc oxide hybrid particles (CeO2@ZnO) were synthesized ...via a chemical precipitation process. The synthesized hybrid particles were modified with benzotriazole (BTA, corrosion inhibitor). The modified hybrid particles were reinforced into a polyolefin matrix in 1 wt. % concentration. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) analysis techniques were employed to characterize synthesized and modified hybrid particles. The results demonstrated that ZnO possessed hexagonal morphology covered with spherical CeO2 particles. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of characteristic peaks of the modified hybrid particles. TGA analysis demonstrated good thermal stability of synthesized particles. UV-vis spectroscopic analysis confirmed the release of the inhibitor from hybrid particle, which was pH and time-dependent. The modified polymeric coatings' self-healing functioning was evaluated through Electrochemical impedance spectroscopic analysis. The results revealed the prominent corrosion inhibition performance of modified coatings compared to the blank polyolefin coatings, which is attributed to the efficient release of the inhibitor from hybrid particles, making these coatings a promising solution for the protection of steel.
•CeO2 coated ZnO hybrid particles were synthesized by chemical precipitation method.•Hybrid particles were modified with benzotriazole as corrosion inhibitor.•Modified hybrid particles were reinforced into Polyolefin matrix.•Corrosion inhibition ability of polyolefin-based coatings was analyzed via EIS.•Results showed the good corrosion inhibition ability of modified polyolefin coatings.
In this study, pH-sensitive hydroxyapatite particles loaded with tannic acid were incorporated in polyolefin-based coatings for the corrosion protection of carbon steel. Transmission electron ...microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to characterize the hydroxyapatite particles loaded with tannic acid (Tannic-HAP). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was employed to study the protective performance of the reference and modified polyolefin coatings. The results suggest that modified coatings showed improved corrosion performance compared to the unmodified coatings. The combination of tannic acid and hydroxyapatite contributed to a more effective protection of coated carbon steel.
A multilayered smart epoxy coating for corrosion prevention of carbon steel was developed and characterized. Toward this direction, as a first step, zinc-aluminum nitrate-layered double hydroxide ...(Zn/Al LDH) was synthesized using the hydrothermal crystallization technique and then loaded with dodecylamine (DOD), which was used as an inhibitor (pH-sensitive). Similarly, the synthesis of the urea-formaldehyde microcapsules (UFMCs) has been carried out using the in-situ polymerization method, and then the microcapsules (LAUFCs) were encapsulated with linalyl acetate (LA) as a self-healing agent. Finally, the loaded Zn/Al LDH (3 wt %) and modified LAUFCs (5 wt %) were reinforced into an epoxy matrix to develop a double-layer coating (DL-EP). For an exact comparison, pre-layer epoxy coatings comprising 3 wt % of the loaded Zn/Al LDH (referred to as LDH-EP), top-layer epoxy coatings comprising 5 wt % linalyl acetate urea-formaldehyde microcapsules (referred to as UFMLA COAT), and a blank epoxy coating (reference coating) were also developed. The developed epoxy coatings were characterized using various techniques such as XRD, XPS, BET, TGA, FTIR, EIS, etc. Electrochemical tests performed on the synthesized coatings indicate that the DL-EP demonstrates improved self-healing properties compared to LDH-EP and UFMLA COAT.
Lithium-rich layered oxides (LLOs) such as Li
1.2
Ni
0.13
Mn
0.54
Co
0.13
O
2
are suitable cathode materials for future lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Despite some salient advantages, like low cost, ...ease of fabrication, high capacity, and higher operating voltage, these materials suffer from low cyclic stability and poor capacity retention. Several different techniques have been proposed to address the limitations associated with LLOs. Herein, we report the surface modification of Li
1.2
Ni
0.13
Mn
0.54
Co
0.13
O
2
by utilizing cheap and readily available silica (SiO
2
) to improve its electrochemical performance. Towards this direction, Li
1.2
Ni
0.13
Mn
0.54
Co
0.13
O
2
was synthesized utilizing a sol–gel process and coated with SiO
2
(SiO
2
= 1.0 wt%, 1.5 wt%, and 2.0 wt%) employing dry ball milling technique. XRD, SEM, TEM, elemental mapping and XPS characterization techniques confirm the formation of phase pure materials and presence of SiO
2
coating layer on the surface of Li
1.2
Ni
0.13
Mn
0.54
Co
0.13
O
2
particles. The electrochemical measurements indicate that the SiO
2
-coated Li
1.2
Ni
0.13
Mn
0.54
Co
0.13
O
2
materials show improved electrochemical performance in terms of capacity retention and cyclability when compared to the uncoated material. This improvement in electrochemical performance can be related to the prevention of electrolyte decomposition when in direct contact with the surface of charged Li
1.2
Ni
0.13
Mn
0.54
Co
0.13
O
2
cathode material. The SiO
2
coating thus prevents the unwanted side reactions between cathode material and the electrolyte. 1.0 wt% SiO
2
-coated Li
1.2
Ni
0.13
Mn
0.54
Co
0.13
O
2
shows the best electrochemical performance in terms of rate capability and capacity retention.
LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 with a high-voltage spinel structure is a potential cathode material for high-energy lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Y2O3 coated quasi-spheres of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 covered in graphene ...(LNMO-YO-G) have been synthesized by a microwave-assisted chemical co-precipitation technique. The coating of quasi-spheres with Y2O3 and subsequent wrapping in graphene nanosheets does not modify the bulk structure and inhibits the production of undesirable phases. Thermal analysis indicates that the developed materials demonstrate good thermal stability. The material exhibits an initial capacity of 133 mAh g−1 at the C/10 rate with a capacity retention of 98% after 100 cycles. Remarkably, a discharge capacity of 115 mAh g−1 is achieved in LNMO-YO-G at a 10C rate, reflecting its extraordinary improvement in the rate capability. Furthermore, after 20 cycles at higher temperature (55 °C), the cathode samples exhibit an excellent capacity of 132 mAh g−1. Y2O3 coating reduces the leaching of ions from the electrode, but such coatings reduce the electrical conductivity. Conversely, graphene increases the electrical conductivity, wraps the active particles along an electrically conductive path, and prevents agglomeration. Parasitic reactions are inhibited without compromising electrical conductivity due to the synergistic material design and fast microwave synthesis method. The proposed material synthesis strategy can be effectively extended to other classes of electrode materials to improve their cyclic performance.
Corrosion is a global problem that results in substantial economic loss and is life-threatening as well. Currently, the utilization of self-healing coatings involving smart carriers encapsulated with ...the appropriate self-healing agents is a topic of great interest. Following this strategy, our work reports the synergistic corrosion inhibition performance of polyolefin-based smart coatings containing modified hybrid-based particles. The hybrid particles (ZnO@β-CD) comprising zinc oxide (ZnO) and β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) were synthesized and modified with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (2-MBT). The synthesized unmodified and modified hybrid particles were characterized by numerous techniques. TGA analysis confirmed that 2MBT was effectively loaded into ZnO@β-CD with almost 43% loading. UV-vis spectroscopic analysis results suggested that the self-release behavior of 2MBT is more pronounced in the acidic environment compared to the basic and neutral environment due to the dissociation of ZnO in the acidic environment. In the next stage, the synthesized unmodified (ZnO@β-CD) and modified (ZnO@β-CD-2MBT) hybrid particles were reinforced into a polyolefin matrix, followed by its application on steel substrate via dip-coating technique to formulate smart composite coatings. The Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results conducted on the developed smart composite coatings demonstrated that polyolefin coatings reinforced with modified hybrid particles (ZnO@β-CD-2MBT) displayed improved corrosion inhibition performance (98 GΩ cm2) as compared to the composite coatings (87 GΩ cm2) containing unmodified particles ((ZnO@β-CD) in 0.56 M NaCl solution after 20 days of immersion. This decent improvement in corrosion resistance behavior is attributed to the synergistic corrosion inhibition effect experienced due to the combined corrosion inhibition effect of ZnO and 2MBT.
The search for highly effective corrosion protection solutions to avoid degradation of the metallic parts is enabling the development of polymeric organic coatings. Of particular relevance, polymeric ...nanocomposite coatings, modified with corrosion inhibitors, have been developed to provide enhanced surface protection. In this work, yttrium oxide nanoparticles loaded with corrosion inhibitor (Imidazole), used as additives in the formulation of epoxy for coated on the steel substrate. The loading of Y2O3 with imidazole was confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis. UV-Vis analysis demonstrated the pH-sensitive behavior of the imidazole that helps in self-release when necessary. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of the coated samples revealed that the coating modified with Y2O3/IMD provides better corrosion protection compared to coatings containing only Y2O3. XPS analysis validated the presence of an imidazole protective film on the steel substrate that enhanced the corrosion resistance of the coated samples
Ni-P-TiO2 composite coatings were prepared on copper substrate by TiO2 sol-enhanced electroplating. A systematic study of Ni-P-X coatings with different sol concentrations (TiO2 concentration X from ...0 to 50 mL/L) has been conducted in order to understand the effect of TiO2 sol addition and the strengthening mechanism. The sol-enhanced coatings show significantly improved mechanical properties comparing with the traditional composite coatings. The optimal mechanical properties can be achieved when the sol concentration is 12.5 mL/L. In this case, the microhardness of Ni-P-12.5 mL/L TiO2 composite coatings can reach ~710 HV while the Ni-P is ~520 HV. It is observed that the TiO2 nanoparticles tend to aggregate and the voids may emerge in the coatings when excess sol was added into the electrolyte, decreasing the dispersion strengthen effect. Correspondingly, the mechanical property of Ni-P-50 ml/L TiO2 coating declined.
Novel hybrid halloysite nanotubes (HHNTs) were developed and used as smart carriers for corrosion protection of steel. For this purpose, as-received halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were loaded with a ...corrosion inhibitor, imidazole (IM), by vacuum encapsulation. In the next step, a layer by layer technique was employed to intercalate another inhibitor, dodecylamine (DDA), in the polyelectrolyte multilayers of polyethylenimine and sulfonated polyether ether ketone, leading to the formation of HHNTs. During this process, IM (5 wt %) was successfully encapsulated into the lumen of HNTs, while DDA (0.4 wt %) was effectively intercalated into the polyelectrolyte layers. Later, the HHNTs (3 wt %) were thoroughly dispersed into the epoxy matrix to develop smart hybrid self-healing polymeric coatings designated as hybrid coatings. For a precise evaluation, epoxy coatings containing as-received HNTs (3 wt %) without any loading denoted to as reference coatings and modified coatings containing HNTs loaded with IM-loaded HNTs (3 wt %) were also developed. A comparative analysis elucidates that the hybrid coatings demonstrate decent thermal stability, improved mechanical properties, and promising anticorrosion properties compared to the reference and modified coatings. The calculated corrosion inhibition efficiencies of the modified and hybrid coatings are 92 and 99.8%, respectively, when compared to the reference coatings. Noticeably, the superior anticorrosion properties of hybrid coatings can be attributed to the synergetic effect of both the inhibitors loaded into HHNTs and their efficient release in response to the localized pH change of the corrosive medium. Moreover, IM shows an active release in both acidic and basic media, which makes it suitable for the protection of steel at the early stages of damage, while DDA being efficiently released in the acidic medium may contribute to impeding the corrosion activity at the later stages of deterioration. The tempting properties of hybrid coatings demonstrate the beneficial role of the development of novel HHNTs and their use as smart carriers in the polymeric matrix for corrosion protection of steel.
This work presents a recent investigation on corrosion behavior of carbon steel amine and ionic liquid based carbon dioxide absorbents. The first class focused on classical amine solutions: ...monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine, and methyldiethanolamine. The second class included activated amine blends using piperazine (PZ) amine promoter. The third class included novel aqueous mixtures of alkanolamine/hydrophilic room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs), namely, BMIMBF4, BMIMOtf, P4441Acetate, and CholineAcetate. Electrochemical corrosion experiments were conducted using polarization techniques to determine the corrosion rate of steel probing the effect of process temperature and CO2 loading. The findings of the investigation show that corrosivity of classical amines is governed by their characteristic CO2 absorption capacity whereas PZ-activated amines resulted in lower corrosion rates and higher CO2 absorption. The partial replacement of aqueous phase in MEA solution by RTILs was shown to be effective in reducing steel corrosion rates with phosphonium- and ammonium-based RTILs shown to be more effective than imidazolium-based RTILs.
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