We examine the uncertainty of the calculation of the atmospheric neutrino flux due to the uncertainty in the hadronic interaction, and present a way to reduce it using accurately measured atmospheric ...muon flux. Considering the difference in the hadronic interaction model and the real one as a variation of hadronic interaction, we find a quantitative estimation method for the error of the atmospheric neutrino flux calculation from the reconstruction residual of the atmospheric muon flux observed in a precision experiment. However, the relation of the calculation error of the neutrino flux and the reconstruction residual of the muon flux is largely dependent on the atmospheric muon observation site, especially for the low energy neutrinos. We study the relation at several observation sites, near Kamioka at sea level, same but 2770 m a.s.l., Hanle India (4500 m a.s.l.), and at Balloon altitude ( ∼ 32 km ). Then, we estimate how stringently the atmospheric muon can reduce the calculation error of the atmospheric neutrino flux. We also discuss briefly on the source of error which is considered to be difficult to reduce only by the atmospheric muon data.
Strain, magnetization, dielectric relaxation, and unpolarized and polarized neutron diffraction measurements were performed to study the magnetic and structural properties of spinel ...Co_{1-x}V_{2+x}O_{4}. The strain measurement indicates that, upon cooling, ΔL/L in the order of ∼10^{-4} starts increasing below T_{C}, becomes maximum at T_{max}, and then decreases and changes its sign at T^{*}. Neutron measurements indicate that a collinear ferrimagnetic order develops below T_{C} and upon further cooling noncollinear ferrimagnetic ordering occurs below T_{max}. At low temperatures, the dielectric constant exhibits a frequency dependence, indicating slow dynamics. These results indicate the existence of an orbital glassy state at low temperatures in this nearly metallic frustrated magnet.
The local structure of the filled tetragonal tungsten bronze (TTB) niobate Ba3Nb5−xTixO15 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.7, 1.0), showing a metal-insulator transition with Ti substitution, has been studied by Nb ...K-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements as a function of temperature. The Ti substitution has been found to have a substantial effect on the local structure, that remains largely temperature independent in the studied temperature range of 80–400 K. The Nb-O bonds distribution shows an increased octahedral distortion induced by Ti substitution, while Nb-Ba distances are marginally affected. The Nb-O bonds are stiffer in the Ti substituted samples, which is revealed by the temperature dependent mean square relative displacements (MSRDs). Furthermore, there is an overall increase in the configurational disorder while the system with Nb 4d electrons turns insulating. The results underline a clear relationship between the local structure and the electronic transport properties suggesting that the metal-insulator transition and possible thermoelectric properties of TTB structured niobates can be tuned by disorder.
We present the calculation of the atmospheric neutrino fluxes for the neutrino experiments proposed at INO, South Pole and Pyhäsalmi. Neutrino fluxes have been obtained using ATMNC, a simulation code ...for cosmic ray in the atmosphere. Even using the same primary flux model and the interaction model, the calculated atmospheric neutrino fluxes are different for the different sites due to the geomagnetic field. The prediction of these fluxes in the present Letter would be quite useful in the experimental analysis.
We present the results of searches for nucleon decay via n→νover ¯π0 and p→νover ¯π+ using data from a combined 172.8 kt·yr exposure of Super-Kamiokande-I,-II, and-III. We set lower limits on the ...partial lifetime for each of these modes: τn→νover ¯π0>1.1×10(33) years and τp→νover ¯π+>3.9×10(32) years at a 90% confidence level.
We present the result of an indirect search for high energy neutrinos from Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) annihilation in the Sun using upward-going muon (upmu) events at ...Super-Kamiokande. Data sets from SKI-SKIII (3109.6 days) were used for the analysis. We looked for an excess of neutrino signal from the Sun as compared with the expected atmospheric neutrino background in three upmu categories: stopping, non-showering, and showering. No significant excess was observed. The 90% C.L. upper limits of upmu flux induced by WIMPs of 100 GeV c-2 were 6.4 X 10--15 cm--2 s--1 and 4.0 X 10--15 cm--2 s--1 for the soft and hard annihilation channels, respectively. These limits correspond to upper limits of 4.5 X 10--39 cm--2 and 2.7 X 10--40 cm--2 for spin-dependent WIMP-nucleon scattering cross sections in the soft and hard annihilation channels, respectively.
KAGRA is a large scale cryogenic gravitational wave telescope currently under construction in Japan. The detector is located 200 m underground in the Kamioka mine and will employ cryogenic ...technologies to achieve high sensitivity. The mirrors of the interferometer will be in the form of multiple pendulums and the final stages will employ cryogenic sapphire suspension system operating at 20 Kelvin. In this paper we report the ongoing activities of the cryogenic payload group involved in the design and fabrication of the cryogenic payload system for the KAGRA detector
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