Airborne particulates were collected during the same periods in downtown Kanazawa, Sapporo and Tokyo and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) were ...determined together with several heavy metal elements and water-soluble inorganic ions. The mean concentrations of metal elements and inorganic ions were the highest in Tokyo, followed by Sapporo and the lowest in Kanazawa both in winter and summer, and were strongly dependent on the amount of airborne particulates. These tendencies were different from the cases of PAHs and NPAHs. Correlations between the organic compounds (PAHs and NPAHs) and several inorganic pollutants were strong only in winter samples of Sapporo, but not so strong in Kanazawa and Tokyo. Because PAHs and NPAHs and several combustion-origin inorganic substances are, in general, detected mainly in the fine airborne particulates, it was reasonable that the significant correlations were found only in the winter samples of Sapporo where the generation of the coarse and crustal particulates were suppressed by snow or ice. Though the atmospheric concentrations of PAHs and NPAHs in Kanazawa were much lower than in Sapporo, the correlation among the NPAH compounds and between PAHs and NPAHs were surprisingly similar in these two cities. The strong correlations indicated that the atmospheric behaviors of the PAHs and NPAHs studied were similar in the two cities and that the source of PAHs and NPAHs might be the same. On the contrary, strong correlations were not observed in Tokyo, suggesting the possibility of multiple sources of formations/degradations of PAHs and NPAHs.
Anticipation refers to the progressively earlier onset and increase in disease severity in successive generations. We studied four families with hereditary dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy ...(DRPLA), a neurodegenerative disease, and anticipation was present in the mode of inheritance. In subsequent generations DRPLA shows an earlier onset and more severe as well as additional symptoms. Older onset patients suffer from cerebellar ataxia with or without dementia, whereas younger onset patients present as progressive myoclonus epilepsy syndrome, which consists of mental retardation, dementia, and cerebellar ataxia as well as epilepsy and myoclonus. Anticipation with paternal transmission was significantly greater than with maternal transmission.
Three hyperbranched aromatic polyamides were synthesized by the direct polycondensation of 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid 2 (AB2 monomer), G1 dendron 4 (AB4 monomer), and G2 dendron 6 (AB8 monomer). The ...weight-average molecular weights (M w) of the resulting polymers were 100 000−200 000 with a polydispersity (PDI) of ca. 3. The degrees of branching (DB) of the polymers from 2, 4, and 6 were 0.32, 0.72, and 0.84, respectively, as determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Thermal polymerization of 2 and 4 was also carried out to form hyperbranched polyamides without solvents and catalysts. The resulting polymers by the thermal polymerization had M w's of around 20 000 with a PDI of around 2. DB of the hyperbranched polymers could be controlled within a range of 0.32−0.72 by the copolymerization of 2 and 4 in different molar ratios. DB had little influence on the T g and solubility of the polymers.
The Aerogel Ring Imaging Cherenkov (ARICH) counter serves as a particle identification device in the forward end-cap region of the Belle II spectrometer. It is capable of identifying pions and kaons ...with momenta up to \(4 \, {\rm GeV}/c\) by detecting Cherenkov photons emitted in the silica aerogel radiator. After the detector alignment and calibration of the probability density function, we evaluate the performance of the ARICH counter using early beam collision data. Event samples of \(D^{\ast +} \to D^0 \pi^+ (D^0 \to K^-\pi^+)\) were used to determine the \(\pi(K)\) efficiency and the \(K(\pi)\) misidentification probability. We found that the ARICH counter is capable of separating kaons from pions with an identification efficiency of \(93.5 \pm 0.6 \, \%\) at a pion misidentification probability of \(10.9 \pm 0.9 \, \%\). This paper describes the identification method of the counter and the evaluation of the performance during its early operation.
An elevated diffusion layer fabricated from polycrystalline
silicon (poly-Si) by solid phase diffusion was investigated in
detail by secondary-ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) analysis. We
clarified that ...it was necessary to control the native oxide in the
poly-Si/Si substrate interface and use small-grained poly-Si to
fabricate uniform and controllable shallow junctions. The
low-capacitance sidewall-elevated drain (LCSED) metal oxide
semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) fabricated by the
oxygen-free load-lock low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD)
poly-Si (L/L poly-Si) was extremely effective for marked scaling
down of transistor size and realizing an ultra low reversed junction
leakage current.
Heat stress limits the productivity of laying hens, as reflected by egg production and egg quality. The present study aimed at showing the correlations between egg quality parameters and ...environmental variables recorded on the day eggs were laid and on the previous days. Birds were housed in battery cages in a commercial poultry house. Main component analyses were used to verify associations between environmental and production variables, and Pearson's linear correlation tests were used to further investigate those associations. Analyses were carried out separately for to layer strains, Dekalb® White and Hy-Line® w36, and the variables egg weight (g), eggshell weight (g), specific gravity (g/cm³) and eggshell percentage (%) were compared with the environmental variables of the same day of the production, and one, two, three, and four days before egg production. Sound intensity measured inside the houses was positively associated with the quality parameters of eggs produced on the next day. Thermal environmental variables affected the egg quality differently in each strain, particularly air temperature, internal roof tile temperature, relative humidity, and air velocity. Ammonia concentration measured inside the houses was lower than 1ppm, and did not affect production performance.
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