This paper is written to mark the 300th anniversary of Jean-Jacques Rousseau's birth. Therefore, it first highlights the well-deserved attention given to this philosopher not only in France but in ...other modern cultural, academic and scientific contexts as well. The paper lists many achievements and publishing endeavors that actualize the importance of this thinker and offers new interpretations of some of his ideas. The main focus of the paper, however, is to look at Rousseau as a forerunner of modern environmental thought. It attempts to show the relevance of Rousseau's work for modern ecology and some ways in which his attitudes can be incorporated. The paper warns against certain common vulgarizations of Rousseau's work in particular those that emphasize his call for a "return to nature" and thus oversimplify Rousseau's inspirational and sustainable ideas. This paper thus attempts to determine whether a theoretical and philosophical connection can be established between Rousseau's idea of nature and the idea of nature found in radical or deep ecology. Rousseau is certainly one of the inspirational forces behind deep ecology, however, we must strive to better understand the permanence and constraints of this influence. In short, the paper advocates a new reading of Rousseau through environmental lenses. Adapted from the source document.
Ovaj se rad sastoji u nastojanju da se ukratko prikažu bitne značajke kulturno-antropološke koncepcije Renéa Girarda. Polazi se od toga da je njegova koncepcija nedovoljno poznata u našoj akademskoj ...i kulturnoj sredini, da je o njoj malo toga napisano i da je vrlo malo Girardovih tekstova prevedeno na hrvatski jezik. Rad ima na umu da Girardova antropološka misao spada u onu vrstu diskursa koji se označava kao fundamentalna antropologija, ali da i unutar tog određenja njegov pristup odlikuje niz specifičnosti koje su ga posljednjih četrdesetak godina, s više ili manje respekta, učinile originalnim, vrlo čitanim, ali i prijepornim autorom. Rad, prije svega, utvrđuje Girardov osobiti intelektualni profil, potom tematizira njegove ključne pojmove: mimesis, mimetizam, mimetički mehanizam, mimetički proces, mimetičko rivalstvo, mimetičko nasilje, mimetička kriza, mimetička žrtva, utemeljujuća žrtva, žrtveni jarac, itd., te napokon iznosi i neke od kritičkih prigovora Girardovoj antropologiji. Rad je posebno usredotočen na Girardovo poimanje kulture, odnosno na njegovu fundamentalno-antropološku hipotezu o izvorištima, porijeklu i nastanku ljudske kulture. Želi se naime pokazati kako Girard, kao zagovornik fundamentalne antropologije, pokušava iznaći i protumačiti one krajnje, prvotne izvore iz kojih se oblikovala ljudska kultura.
Ovaj se rad bavi nekim novijim kretanjima u ekonomskoj sociologiji kao posebnoj sociološkoj disciplini, ali je osobito usredotočen na problem tržišta koji u tom disciplinarnom sklopu zauzima ...središnje mjesto. Stoga se, prije svega, tematizira mjesto ekonomske sociologije u okviru diferencijacije sociološke znanosti i interpretiraju se autori koji su najviše pridonijeli uspostavi, razvoju i afirmaciji ekonomske sociologije (Weber, Polanyi, Schumpeter, Parsons, Swedberg, Granovetter, Bourdieu, itd). No pritom se uvijek posebno naglašava njihovo poimanje i razumijevanje tržišta. U radu se potom šire ekspliciraju novi („postklasični“) trendovi oblikovanja i djelovanja ekonomske sociologije („nova ekonomska sociologija“) i opsežnije interpretiraju razni pristupi tržištu (odnos tržišne i netržišne sfere, odnos tržišta i države, tržišta i organizacije, itd.). Rad, na osnovi tog propitivanja, zagovara stajalište da je tržište, bez obzira na izrazito ambivalentan i protuslovan status u sociološkom i općeteorijskom mišljenju, nezaobilazna empirijska i teorijska činjenica modernog svijeta te da je susret ekonomije i sociologije u njegovu razumijevanju iznimno važan element moderne društvene znanosti, a prije svega sociologije.
The paper discusses main ideas of Bruno Latour, one of the most interesting sociologists in the field of sociology of science, as well as some other fields of thought such as anthropology, history of ...science and philosophy. His contribution to modern sociology has been even more provocative and controversial because it was established during the major debates about modernity and postmodernity, and it was often met with criticism, which sometimes even disputed his relevance for the discipline of sociology. The paper covers and interprets three main issues which dominate Latour's opus: the problem of modernity, because Latour claims that "we were never modern"; the problem of political ecology, because Latour insists on its great importance and attempts to formulate a completely new and different concept of political ecology; the problem of sociology, because Latour relies on the belief that there is a demand for change, not only from the contemporary society but also from sociology as the science of society. He, therefore, problematizes the traditional concept of society as well as the science of sociology itself. He shows that sociology should be reestablished and thinks that the establishment of sociology should go in the direction of actor-network theory or the sociology of associations. Adapted from the source document.
This paper attempts to give a short overview of the fundamental features of Rene Girard's cultural and anthropological concepts. It beings with the idea, that not enough is known about his concepts ...in our academic and cultural circles, little has been written about it and a very small number of Girard's texts have been translated into Croatian language. The paper considers Girard's anthropological thought as a type of discourse that can be marked as the fundamental anthropology, however, even within these boundaries, his approach remains specific and he was therefore treated over the last forty or so years, with more or less respect, as an original, widely read as well as a controversial author. The paper, first of all, establishes Girard's specific intellectual profile, and then goes on to discuss his key terms: mimesis, mimetism, mimetic mechanism, mimetic process, mimetic rivalry, mimetic violence, mimetic crisis, mimetic sacrifice, ritual sacrifice, scapegoat, etc., and in the end, offers some criticism of Girard's anthropology. The paper focuses especially on Girard's definition of culture, i.e. his fundamental anthropological hypothesis about the sources, origin and formation of human culture. It attempts to show that Girard as an advocate of the fundamental anthropology, tried to find and interpret the first and original sources from which human culture developed. Adapted from the source document.
This paper deals with some recent contributions to economic sociology as the sociological discipline, however, it focuses on the problem of the market which takes the central position within this ...discipline. Therefore, it first discusses the position of economic sociology within the differentiated field of sociology and interprets the authors who have contributed the most to the establishment, development and affirmation of economic sociology (Weber, Polanyi, Schumpeter, Parsons, Swedberg, Granovetter, Bourdieu, etc.). However, their understanding of the market is emphasized throughout. The paper then explains new ("postclassical") trends of the formation and function of economic sociology ("new economic sociology") and interprets various approaches to the market (relation between market and non-market sphere, market and state, market and organization, etc.). The paper, based on this discussion, argues that the market is, regardless of its extremely ambivalent and contradictory status in sociological and more general theoretical thought, inevitable empirical and theoretical fact of the modern world and that the overlapping of economy and sociology in its understanding is an important element of modern social science, especially sociology. Adapted from the source document.
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