The present study aims to investigate the potential of
Oedogonium subplagiostomum
AP1 in the removal of methyl orange from aqueous solution. The effects of process parameters, namely, dye ...concentration, biosorbent concentration, pH and contact time on adsorption were optimised using RSM. The predictions of the model output specified that process parameters influenced responses at a confidence level of 95% (
P
< 0.05). Optimum conditions for methyl orange removal (97%) was obtained at pH 6.5, contact time of 5.5 days, algal dose of 400 mg/L and dye concentration of 500 mg/L. Adsorption isotherm, kinetics and thermodynamic studies were conducted to assess the decolourisation efficiency. The results indicated that Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models best fitted the experimental data. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that methyl orange biosorption onto alga is spontaneous, favourable and exothermic in nature. The biosorbent-adsorbate interactions were characterised using UV-Vis, FT IR, SEM with EDX and XRD. The reuse potential of treated dye solution was assessed by dyeing fabrics. The physical properties of fabrics dyed using algae-treated water are comparable with that of tap water–dyed fabric proving the reuse potential of treated water in textile industries. The algal biomass subjected to composting diminishes the level of pollution. In silico study was performed to observe the interaction between methyl orange (ligand) and receptor protein (azoreductase) which plays an important role in the biodegradation of textile dyes. Thus, the results showed that
Oedogonium subplagiostomum
AP1 could be employed as an efficient and eco-friendly biosorbent for the removal of methyl orange.
Graphical Abstract
•Natural dye extracted from sawdust of Pterocarpus indicus Willd. using ultrasound.•Dyeing and mordanting parameters were optimized.•Pretreatment of cotton and silk improved colour depth, fastness ...and UV protection.•Timber industry waste can be upcycled as a resource for natural dye.
Exploitation of synthetic dyes in a variety of manufacturing sectors including textiles poses serious problems to the environment. Natural dyes are becoming vital alternatives to toxic synthetic dyes, however, with limitations such as availability and process standardization. Herein, we explore the dyeing potential of a sawdust, Pterocarpus indicus Willd., which is widely available as a waste from timber industry in South Asia and other parts of the world. Ultrasound assisted extraction method was carried out to extract natural dye from the sawdust. The extract was used to dye cotton and silk fabrics using various metallic and natural mordants such as alum, stannous chloride, copper sulphate, gallnut, pomegranate rind and gooseberry and the process was optimized. The effect of different pretreatments such as chitosan and myrobalan on dyeing fabrics was also studied. Colour properties of the naturally dyed fabrics such as colour strength, colour co-ordinates and various fastness were assessed. The natural mordants such as gallnut, pomegranate rind and gooseberry provided comparable fastness property to metallic mordants, thereby suggesting the use of the extracted dye with natural mordants for exclusive eco-friendly dyeing. We also demonstrate that chitosan and myrobalan pretreatments significantly enhance the colour strength, colour fastness and UV protection properties of naturally colored cotton and silk fabrics. Overall, the results suggest copper sulphate mordanting with chitosan pretreatment and stannous chloride mordanting with myrobalan pretreatment as the best combination for cotton and silk fabrics, respectively considering the color fastness and UV protection properties. The results provide ample scope for the upcycling of timber industry waste into a natural dye for eco-friendly coloration of fabrics.
A biological experiment was conducted to study the effect of panchagavya and Andrographis paniculata on haematological, serum biochemical parameters and immune status of broilers with one hundred and ...eighty commercial, straight run day-old broiler chicks. The chicks were fed basal diet (Tsub(1)), basal diet with virginiamycin-20 mg/kg (Tsub(2)), basal diet with panchagavya-7.5 g/kg (Tsub(3)), basal diet with A. paniculata-2.0 g/kg (Tsub(4)) probiotics-0.5 g/kg (Tsub(5)) and basal diet with mannanoligosaccharide (MOS)-2.0 g/kg (Tsub(6)) from 1 to 28 days of starting period and 0.5 g/kg from 29 to 42 days finishing period were maintained for 6 weeks period. The results revealed that the haematological parameters did not vary significantly between treatment groups. The serum total cholesterol level was lower (P0.01) in Tsub(3) and Tsub(5) than virginiamycin and control. The HDL cholesterol was higher (P0.05) in Tsub(5). The serum total protein, albumin, globulin and glucose values were not differed significantly between treatment groups. The serum AST and ALT levels were lower (P0.01) in A. paniculata and panchagavya groups compared to other groups. The serum ALP was (P0.05) lower in Tsub(4). Higher HA titre against SRBC (P0.01), HI titre against NDV (P0.05) and QAGPT titre against IBDV were observed in Tsub(3), Tsub(4) and Tsub(5), which indicating immunomodulatory effect of panchagavya and A. paniculata in broilers.
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