We measure carrier-envelope phase (CEP)-dependent photoelectron momentum distributions (PEMDs) of Kr and CO 2 with linearly-polarized sub-two-cycle near-infrared laser pulses, to experimentally ...confirm the universality around the backward rescattering caustic.
A corrosion-resistant and brazeable aluminum material has an aluminum core, and a thermally sprayed layer formed on the core is composed of a brazing metal intermingled with zinc or its alloy. The ...brazing metal may be a mixture of aluminum and silicon, an aluminum-silicon alloy, a blend of the mixture with the alloy, or silicon. The brazeable aluminum material may be produced by blending a first powder of the brazing metal with a second powder of a corrosion-resistant substance including zinc, so as to prepare a powder mixture, and there thermally spraying the powder mixture onto the aluminum core.
Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is an indispensable cytokine for the development of lymphocyte lineage cells. However, the potential role of IL-7 in peripheral nonlymphoid tissues was unclear before our study. ...We have demonstrated that intestinal epithelial cells produce IL-7 and that IL-7 serves as a regulatory factor for proliferation of mucosal lymphocytes expressing IL-7 receptor (IL-7R). Recent studies demonstrated that intestinal epithelial cell-derived IL-7 plays a crucial role in the organization of mucosal lymphoid tissues and regulating the normal immune response in intestinal mucosa. In a previous study, we demonstrated that IL-7 transgenic mice developed chronic colitis. Here, we have demonstrated the essential role of mucosal IL-7/IL-7R-dependent signals in the development of chronic intestinal inflammation. Our results indicate that mucosal IL-7/IL-7R-dependent signals are involved in the development of chronic intestinal inflammation in both the mouse model and human disease of the intestinal mucosa. Therefore, current studies indicate that therapeutic approaches by specific targeting of IL-7R-expressing mucosal T cells may be feasible in the treatment of human ulcerative colitis.
The broad-beam three-dimensional irradiation system under development at National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS) requires a small ridge filter to spread the initially monoenergetic ...heavy-ion beam to a small spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP). A large SOBP covering the target volume is then achieved by a superposition of differently weighted and displaced small SOBPs. Two approaches were studied for the definition of a suitable ridge filter and experimental verifications were performed. Both approaches show a good agreement between the calculated and measured dose and lead to a good homogeneity of the biological dose in the target. However, the ridge filter design that produces a Gaussian-shaped spectrum of the particle ranges was found to be more robust to small errors and uncertainties in the beam application. Furthermore, an optimization procedure for two fields was applied to compensate for the missing dose from the fragmentation tail for the case of a simple-geometry target. The optimized biological dose distributions show that a very good homogeneity is achievable in the target.
The repair of potentially lethal damage (PLD) in stationary-phase V79 Chinese hamster cells, which was expressible by a postirradiation treatment with hypertonic (0.5 M NaCl) phosphate-buffered ...saline (PBS), was analyzed within the framework of the theory of dual radiation action. The interaction function γ(x) was estimated for cells permitted to repair PLD for various intervals of time. The experimental data indicated that 50-60% of the lethal lesions produced at the time of irradiation were repaired in 120 min. The repair of PLD was implicitly involved in the probability of the interaction of sublesions. That is, $g(x,t_{{\rm rep}})$ was defined as the probability that two sublesions separated by distance x interact to produce a lethal lesion which will not be repaired until the fixation by treatment with hypertonic PBS at time $t_{{\rm rep}}$ after irradiation. It is concluded that the time dependence of the repair of PLD is not independent of the interaction distance x. Three conclusions are drawn: (1) The repair of a lesion produced by a long distance interaction is not detectable by postirradiation treatment with hypertonic PBS. (2) A lesion produced by a short distance interaction is rapidly repaired in about 20 min. (3) A lesion produced by the interaction of sublesions separated by a distance of about 100 nm is repaired slowly.
Rectocele in females is usually caused by weakness in the rectovaginal septum, and that may result in colorectal symptoms such as difficulty in evacuation. In our hospital, rectocele has been ...operated with transanal technique, because it is of ten accompanied by internal hemorrhoids and/or anal fissure (about 65%) necessitating additional treatment. Furthermore, this method is more acceptable for the patients whose chief complaints are difficulty in defecation. The operating method is as follows : Rectal mucosa of the area of rectocele and its surrounding region is cauterized, but not resected. Stepwise interrupted suture transverse to the submucosal and muscularis layer of the rectum, and levator muscle on both sides of rectocele, is done from the oral side (suturing thread is 2-0 Vicryl) without forming dead space. A drainage wound is created using the technique for resection of an anterior hemorrhoid. Seventy-two rectocele patients were operated in our hospital from Apr. 1997 to Mar. 1999. Symptoms of rectocele have been improved in all symptomatic cases (excellent 39 (65%), good 18 (30%), fair 3 (5 %), poor 0 (0 9/6)) . Healing of the rectocele repair wound was completed within four weeks. No complication has been observed. This transanal technique may be useful in rectocele repair.
CD117 (c-kit proto-oncogene protein product) is expressed in most gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) and plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis and treatment of this disease. However, the ...clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of CD117-positive mesenchymal tumors without connection to the gastrointestinal tract, known as extragastrointestinal stromal tumors (EGISTs), are not well documented because these tumors are rare. We describe the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of two cases of EGIST and compare them with those of GIST. Of the 1855 abdominal or esophageal tumors resected during the past 10 years at our hospital, 23 were GISTs and 2 were EGISTs. The clinicopathological or immunohistochemical characteristics do not seem to differ remarkably between EGISTs and GISTs. Although rare, CD117 positivity should be tested in abdominal mesenchymal tumors that have no connection to the gastrointestinal tract. The clinicopathological features of CD117-positive abdominal mesenchymal tumors may not depend on whether the tumor is connected to the gastrointestinal tract.
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